the spread of roman republic: the punic wars
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The Spread of Roman Republic: The Punic Wars. Ms. Carmelitano. Roman rulers sought to expand its territories through trade and conquest Rome had a very large, very strong military Service to the military required, and 10 years required to be eligible to be elected to office. Conquest. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Spread of Roman Republic: The Punic Wars
Ms. Carmelitano
Roman rulers sought to expand its territories
through trade and conquest Rome had a very large, very strong military
Service to the military required, and 10 years required to be eligible to be elected to office
Roman forces battled for control of the Italian
Peninsula 265 BCE – Romans had total control of the
Peninsula Romans had defeated the Etruscans in the
north and the Greek city-states in the south
Conquest
All areas were not treated equally
Neighboring Latins on the Tiber became full citizens
Territories farther away, enjoyed the same rights of Roman citizenship, but could not vote
All other groups outside of the Peninsula fell into the third category: Allies of Rome They could be independent, but had to supply
troops for the army and not make treaties with other states
Roman Laws
Roman merchants could trade by land and by
sea Ships sailed the Mediterranean
The Romans built extensive roads To move troops faster To make trade easier Created a unified culture among the very
diverse people in the republic Latin would be the dominant language
Roads and Trade
The Romans built massive aqueducts across
the republic This brought water into the interior of the
peninsula
Aqueducts
A Phoenician city located in Northern Africa
They also traded on the Mediterranean Sea Direct conflict with Rome
Carthage
264 BCE – 146 BCE Punic Wars
Punici: The Roman name for the Phoenicians First time Roman troops would fight outside of
Italy Would consist of three different wars
War with Carthage
Sicilians appealed to both Rome and Carthage
to aid them against their enemies Carthage hoped to protect their Sicilian Trade Rome did not want the Carthaginians troops that
close to their borders The two went to war with one another
The war lasted 23 years (264BCE-241BCE)
First Punic War
Carthage was the superior naval power
Rome put vast sums of money into building warships
Rome re-invents naval battles Stationed soldiers on ships Armed ships with hooks
Hooked enemy ships, pulled closer – boarded with soldiers
Naval warfare turned into mini-land battles Rome was victorious Set up their first province in Sicily
First Punic Wars
218 BCE – 201 BCE General Hannibal (29 years old)
50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, 60 elephants Wanted to surprise the Romans by trekking
from Spain, Across France, and through the Alps Half his men and most of his elephants died Hannibal had a victory at Cannae in 216 BCE
It was the bloodiest Roman loss ever He was never able to captured Rome
Second Punic War
Romans General Scipio would turn the tides
He planned to attack Carthage, forcing Hannibal to return, and leave Italy
202 BCE at the battle of Zama, near Carthage, Romans defeated Hannibal Roman victors forced Carthage to destroy its
navy, pay war debts, and give up provinces in Spain
Second Punic War
149 BCE – 146 BCE Carthage declared war on another neighbor:
the Numidians An ally of Rome Cato, a Roman orator declared that Carthage
would be a threat as long as it stood Rome laid siege to the already weak Carthage Set fire and sold 50,000 Carthage residents
into slavery
Third Punic War
Rome dominated the Mediterranean By 70 BCE Rome’s empire stretched from
Anatolia to Spain
Outcome of Punic Wars