The Spread of Protestantism and the Catholic Response

http://www.history.com/topics/reformation/videos#the-origins-of-calvinism

John Calvin and Calvinism

• In 1536, John Calvin published the Institutes of the Christian Religion. – A summary of Protestants doctrines

John Calvin and Calvinism

• Calvin’s beliefs were similar to Martin Luther

• But he believed another doctrine called predestination– Belief that God had determined in advance

who would be saved and who wouldn’t

John Calvin and Calvinism

• By mid-16th century, Calvinism had replaced Lutheranism as the most important form of Protestantism.

The Reformation in England

• The Reformation in England had its roots in politics, not religion

The Reformation in England http://www.history.com/videos/martin-luther-sparks-a-revolution#protestand-reformation-english-reformation

• King Henry VIII of England wanted to divorce his wife because she couldn’t have children

– Asked the pope to annul (declare invalid) the marriage

• The pope refused

The Reformation in England

• He got the annulment through the Church of England

• Then he asked Parliament to separate the Church in England from the pope in Rome– They agreed; making the king head of the

Church of England

The Reformation in England

• When Henry died, his son Edward VI took the throne– He was only 9, and

very sick

The Reformation in England

• During his reign, church officials took the Church of England in a Protestant direction

– Gave clergy the right to marry

– Created a new Protestant church service

The Catholic Reformation

• By mid-16th century, Protestantism was well established across Europe.

• The Catholic Church began a reformation of its own

The Catholic Reformation

• 3 factors brought about the Catholic Reformation

• The Jesuits

• Reform of the papacy

• The Council of Trent

The Jesuits

• They were servants of the pope

• Used education to spread their message– Very successful in

restoring Catholicism in Germany eastern Europe

Reform of the Papacy

• Pope Paul III recognized the need for changed in the Catholic Church

Reform of the Papacy

• Paul III appointed a Reform Commission in 1537

– Responsible for restoring integrity to church offices

• They recognized that prior popes were to blame for a lot of the corruption

Reform of the Papacy

• In 1545, Pope Paul III began the Council of Trent– Made of church leaders– Reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings