the spanish-american war cuba -controlled by spanish -u.s.-spanish relations worsen -revolution of...
TRANSCRIPT
The Spanish-American War
Cuba
-controlled by Spanish
-U.S.-Spanish relations worsen
-revolution of 1895
-Valeriano Weyler - governor
-”reconcentration” (1896)
-unprecedented death totals
-William Randolph Hearst
-Journal
-Joseph Pulitzer
-World
-Yellow Journalism
• U.S. insists Spain end conflict• Enrique Dupuy de Lome letter, Feb. 9
– Hearst - "The Worst Insult to the United States in Its History" • Maine sunk, Feb. 15
• 266 die• 10,000 lbs. of powder charge ignite• Big question – What caused the blast(s)?• Divers and Eyewitnesses confirm that an explosion of magazines
caused sinking – but what caused them to explode?– 4 major investigations, 2 theories
• 1898 – mine• 1911 - mine• 1976 - bunker• 1999 - split
• American people call for war• Spain tries to prevent war• Hawks in Congress pass resolution
– April 25 – U.S. declares war on Spain
• U.S. – no intention of seizing territory• War is short - 109 days
– More complicated than it appeared– Volunteers – but…
• Theodore Roosevelt– Rough Riders– High casualty rate
• August 12 – Armistice reached– Spain relinquished sovereignty over Cuba – Puerto Rico and Guam ceded to US – Spain assumed responsibility for $400 million Cuban debt – Spain ceded Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million
• Deaths/Casualties– 5,462 die– 379 battle/battle related
• War in Philippines– Not as well publicized– Longer, more difficult
• Domestic tension– Debate in U.S. over occupation of Philippines– Anti-Imperialist League pushes Congress not to ratify
treaty– Feb 6, 1899 – ratified– McKinley wants to keep Philippines as colonial
possession
– Filipinos outraged– Twain publishes “To the Person Sitting in Darkness”
» National controversy– Emilio Aguinaldo leads revolutionaries
• Captured - March 23, 1901 – War officially ends – July 4, 1902– Independence – 1946– Aguinaldo lives to 94 – sees Philippine date of independence
moved officially back to 1898 – Casualties
• 4,100 American troops die• 1,020 in combat• 20,000 Filipino troops die• 500,000-1,000,000 civilians die