the solar system the planets. celestial bodies is an old term that means the sun, moon and stars is...
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The Solar SystemThe Solar System
The PlanetsThe Planets
Celestial BodiesCelestial Bodies
Is an old term that means the sun, Is an old term that means the sun, moon and starsmoon and stars
Thousands of years agoThousands of years ago Farmers took cues from these bodies Farmers took cues from these bodies
for planting cropsfor planting crops Sailors used the stars for navigationSailors used the stars for navigation Politics and religion decisions were Politics and religion decisions were
sometimes made by the celestial sometimes made by the celestial bodiesbodies
What is the difference What is the difference between a planet and a between a planet and a
dwarf planet?dwarf planet? A Planet is
A celestial body larger than an asteroid or comet, lit by the light of the sun around which it orbits
A planet is is in orbit around the Sun, Large enough mass to be round in shape has cleared the neighbourhood around its
orbit (which means that there are no other large celestial bodies under its gravitational pull)
A Dwarf Planet is…A Dwarf Planet is…
A "dwarf planet" is a celestial body that is in orbit around the Sun, Large enough mass to have a nearly round in
shape has NOT cleared the neighbourhood around
its orbit which means that there are other larger bodies impacted by its gravitational pull
Types of PlanetsTypes of Planets
Terrestrial PlanetsTerrestrial Planets Jovian PlanetsJovian Planets Dwarf PlanetsDwarf Planets
Terrestrial PlanetsTerrestrial Planets Smaller size and massSmaller size and mass Higher densityHigher density Made mostly of rock and metalMade mostly of rock and metal Solid surfaceSolid surface Few, if any, moonsFew, if any, moons No ringsNo rings Closer to the Sun and each otherCloser to the Sun and each other Warmer surfacesWarmer surfaces Mercury, Venus, Earth, MarsMercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
MercuryMercury
Diameter = 4872 kmDiameter = 4872 km Distance to the Sun =57.9 million Distance to the Sun =57.9 million
km km
MarsMars
Diameter =6 780 kmDiameter =6 780 km Distance to the Sun =227.9 million Distance to the Sun =227.9 million
kmkm
VenusVenus
Diameter =12 104kmDiameter =12 104km Distance to the Sun = 108.2 million Distance to the Sun = 108.2 million
kmkm
EarthEarth
Diameter =12 756 kmDiameter =12 756 km Distance to the Sun =149.6 million Distance to the Sun =149.6 million
kmkm Orbit period = 356.26 daysOrbit period = 356.26 days Orbit speed = 108 000 km/sOrbit speed = 108 000 km/s Axis rotation = 23.93 hoursAxis rotation = 23.93 hours Axis tilt = 23.5Axis tilt = 23.5oo
Acceleration = 9.81 m/sAcceleration = 9.81 m/s22
Jovian PlanetsJovian Planets Larger size and massLarger size and mass Lower densityLower density Mostly made of hydrogen, helium, and Mostly made of hydrogen, helium, and
hydrogen compoundshydrogen compounds No solid surfaceNo solid surface Many moonsMany moons RingsRings Farther from the sun and each otherFarther from the sun and each other Cool temperatures at cloud topsCool temperatures at cloud tops Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, NeptuneJupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
JupiterJupiter
Diameter =142 984 kmDiameter =142 984 km Distance to the Sun =778.4 million Distance to the Sun =778.4 million
kmkm
SaturnSaturn
Diameter =120 536 kmDiameter =120 536 km Distance to the Sun =1.4 billion kmDistance to the Sun =1.4 billion km
UranusUranus
Diameter =51 118 kmDiameter =51 118 km Distance to the Sun =2.4 billion kmDistance to the Sun =2.4 billion km
NeptuneNeptune
Diameter =49 532 kmDiameter =49 532 km Distance to the Sun = 4.5 billion kmDistance to the Sun = 4.5 billion km
Dwarf PlanetsDwarf Planets
Remember aRemember a "dwarf planet" is a celestial body that is in orbit around the Sun, Large enough mass to have a nearly round
in shape has NOT cleared the neighbourhood
around its orbit which means that there are other larger bodies impacted by its gravitational pull
Pluto, Ceres, ErisPluto, Ceres, Eris
CeresCeres
Diameter = 974.6kmDiameter = 974.6km Distance to the Sun = Distance to the Sun =
413 832 587.5 km413 832 587.5 km
PlutoPluto
Diameter =2 306kmDiameter =2 306km Distance to the Sun =Distance to the Sun =
5 906 376 272km5 906 376 272km
ErisEris
Diameter =2 600kmDiameter =2 600km Distance to the Sun = 67.665AUDistance to the Sun = 67.665AU
How do we determine how How do we determine how far apart the planets are?far apart the planets are?
Bode’s Law•A rough rule that predicts the spacing of the planets in the Solar System
•To find the mean distances of the planets, beginning with the following simple sequence of numbers:
0 3 6 12 24 48 96 192 384•With the exception of the first two, the others are simple twice the value of the preceding number.
•Add 4 to each number:4 7 10 16 28 52 100 196 388
•Then divide by 10:0.4 0.7 1.0 1.6 2.8 5.2 10.0 19.6 38.8
PlanetPlanet Actual Distance (AU)Actual Distance (AU) Bode’s LawBode’s Law
MercuryMercury 0.390.39 0.40.4
VenusVenus 0.720.72 0.70.7
EarthEarth 1.001.00 1.01.0
MarsMars 1.521.52 1.61.6
Jupiter Jupiter 5.205.20 5.25.2
SaturnSaturn 9.549.54 10.010.0
UranusUranus 19.219.2 19.619.6
NeptuneNeptune 30.130.1 38.838.8
Works for
moons too!
How do the solar system How do the solar system bodies orbit the sun?bodies orbit the sun?