the soda fabriek - master thesis presentation

InterventIons for the sustaInable Development of archItectural herItage

the example of the soDa fabrIek In schIeDam, nl

1. Problem Statement

Buildings contribute ~30% of total global greenhouse emissions [UN Environment Program]

Buildings consume ~35 % of total world energy [IEA]

~65% of existing buildings are more than 40 years old [CBS]

15,10%

14,30%

11,90%

58,70%

1996 - 2005

1986 - 1995

1976 - 1985

<1975

Non-residential Building Stock Age

11,60%

35,40%

30,90%

13,60%

7,30%

>1990

1970 - 1990

1945 - 1969

1919 - 1944

<1919

Residential Building Stock Age

62.000 + Rijksmonumenten in the NL

2. Problem Statement

3. Intro - Boundary Conditions

“Which are the more appropriate technical interventions on the envelope of the Soda Fabriek in Schiedam in order to reduce the energy needed to condition the building”

• What is the historical significance of the Soda Fabriek and how does it define the interven-

tion possibilities?

• What is the current state of the building?

• What is the framework in which architectural heritage can be dealt with?

• Is it possible to upgrade the Soda Fabriek’s energy performance without insulating the

walls? To what degree?

• How do the different interventions on the building’s envelope affect energy distribution in

the building and ultimately the energy consumption to condition the building?

• Are these interventions enough for the Soda Fabriek and what other impacts do these in-

terventions have for the building?

• What other factors affect energy consumption for conditioning the building?

Koerland BuildingLijfland Building

Tuinlaan

Mak

kers

stra

at

4. The Soda Fabriek

Exposed Brick Masonry

NE Facade

SE Facade

Wooden Floor & Roof Construction

Wooden, Single Glazed, Fixed Windows

Corrugated Asbestos Sheets Roof

•What is the current state of the building?

5. Current Condition

~70% of interior needs to be replaced

components neces-sary to be replaced

components that could be replaced with new ones in the same form

components that should be conserved to remain in place

•What is the historical significance of the Soda Fabriek and how does it define the intervention possibilities?

•What is the current state of the building?

6. Conservation best practice

• Multidisciplinarity

• PermanentMaintenance

• MinimalIntervention

• Respecttothehistory

• Reversibility

• DistinctiveandContemporaryIntervention

• Re-use

• Documentation

•What is the framework in which architectural heritage can be dealt with?

7. Precedence

Case Goals

Energy Label C

Energy Label A

minimal insulation 25mmframes maintained - glazing replaced

Heat PumpFloor and Wall HeatingNatural VentilationBackup system with Heat Recovery

Heat PumpWall HeatingDecentralizedVentilationsystem with Heat Recovery

90% Carbon Emissions reduction

13 kWh/m2

39.9 kWh/m2

45.7 kWh/m2

27.7 kWh/m2Conditioning

System Tot

System Tot

HeatingHeat PumpFloor HeatingCentralized Ventilation sys-tem with Heat Recovery

frames and glazing main-tained

frames and glazing main-tained - triple glazed win-dow added to the inside

thorough internal insulation

Extreme internal and exter-nal insulation insulation

Lower Carbon EmissionsEnergy Neutrality

Renovation with Passive House Stand-ards15 kWh/m2 per year

Insulation Openings Instalations Results

DeTempel,The Hague

Huis de Witte Roos,Delft

Latijnse School, Middelburg

8. Interventions

Model #1 - Existing Situation Model #2 - Wall Insulation Model #3 - Roof & Ground InsulationWindow Replacement

Model #4 - Trombe Wall Model #5 - Glass Roof

•How do the different interventions on the building’s envelope affect energy distribution in the building and ultimately the energy consumption to condition the building?

9. Proposed Reuse

wellness center/yoga

bed & breakfast

o�ce space

o�ce space

workshops

horeca

P

exhibition space

•Constant

10. Proposed Installations

ground heat source

Zones bigger than 30m2 use underfloor heating [water temperature inside in-floor tubes between 30 and 50 oC]

Zones smaller than 30m2 use water radi-ators [water temperature inside radiator 45oC

ground source heat pump [COP ~4]

Air Handling Unit [Mechanical Fresh Air Supply with Heat Recovery system - HR COP 0.7] Glass Roof System Variation

•Constant

11. Model #1 - Exhisting Situation [Control] - Winter

-27.7 kW

-35,6 kW

-15,5 kW

-60,5 kW

-1,2 kW

-9 kW

292,1 kW

-154,7 kW

-9 kW

asbestos sheet

timber sheathing

timber floor boards

timber floor structure

timber roof structure

fixed wooden window [single glazing]

solid brick wall [external]

concrete ground floor slab

Electricity for Heating - kWh/m2 Auxiliary System Energy - kWh/m2 Heat Recovered - kWh/m2

39,70 21,21 39,60

12. Model #1 - Existing Situation [Control] - Summer

-4 kW

10,9 kW

-9,9 kW

-8,5 kW

14 kW

-12.4 kW

3.9 kW

4,6 kW

-6,7 kW

3.5 kW

10,2 kW

-6,4 kW

-1,1 kW

-1.3 kW

-17.4 kW

-14 kW

25,7 kW

16.1 kW

-13,7 kW

-6,6 kW

9.5 kW

67,78

Zone Cooling - kWh/m2 Setpoint not met during Cooling - Hours Setpoint not met during Heating

6.209,501.343,00

•Is it possible to upgrade the Soda Fabriek’s energy performance without insulating the walls? To what degree?

13. Model #2 - Wall Insulation - Winter

-28,3 kW

-35,1 kW

-15,7 kW

-11,9 kW

0,1 kW

-8,5 kW

232,5 kW

-141,9 kW0,4 kW

-8,3 kW

asbestos sheet

timber sheathing

timber floor boards






XPS insulation 100mm

39,7039,18

21,2119,34

39,6052,06


67,774,7

14. Model #2 - Wall Insulation - Summer

-3.9 kW

3.2 kW

11.4 kW

-10 kW

-7.6 kW

-10.4 kW

4.5 kW

4,9 kW

-6,7 kW

8.6 kW

8.8 kW

-6,1 kW

-0,9 kW

-16.3 kW

-15.3 kW

16.1 kW

-11.6 kW

24.1 kW -5.8 kW

0.6 kW

8.6 kW

6.209,506.001,50

1.343,001.708,50

88


zinc coated steel sheet cladding

15. Model #3 - Roof, Ground & Window Insulation - winter

-2.4 kW

-14.7 kW

-8.6 kW

-61,5 kW

0.4 kW

4.9 kW

245.8 kW

-160,1 kW

-4.9 kW

timber floor boards





XPS insulation 200mm

prefab roof panel with 200 mm of XPS insulation and water-

proofing layer

operable wooden window double glazing 6-13-6 mm

filled with air

sand-cement finishing screed

21,2117,69

39,7034,61

39,6066,09


0.5 kW

-4.69

-3.4 kW

6.4 kW

-7.5 kW

-0.8 kW

4.7 kW

-7.6 kW

4.3 kW

5.7 kW

-0.2 kW

-3.1 kW

1 kW

-1.4 kW

-10 kW

-4.5 kW

24.5 kW

11.3 kW

-15.7 kW

-2.2 kW

2 kW

6.209,505.162,50

1.343,001.682,50

67,7875,07


16. Model #3 - Roof, Ground & Window Insulation - summer

17. Model #4 - Trombe Wall - Winter

asbestos sheet

timber sheathing




single glazing curtain wall with aluminum structure

curtain wall reinforced concrete foundation

NE facade

SE facade

SW facade

-14.3 kW

-46.3 kW

-18.2 kW

-15.3 kW

-24.5 kW

0.5 kW

1.8 kW

314.3 kW

-198.3 kW

-3 kW

asbestos sheet

timber sheathing




single glazing curtain wall with aluminum structure

curtain wall reinforced concrete foundation

18. Model #4 - Trombe Wall - Winter

21,2160,80

39,70

42,7239,60

0,00


19. Model #4 - Trombe Wall - Summer

-3 kW

-2.1 kW

27.6 kW

4.9 kW

-17.2 kW

-4.7 kW

4.6 kW

-12.6 kW

12.1 kW

-13.1

2.8 kW

-9.1 kW

8 kW

2 kW

-7.9 kW

0.1 kW

-22 kW

-10.6 kW

21.7 kW

-17.1 kW

6.6 kW

-67,78

-142,83

6.209,507.582,00

1.343,00725,00


NE 57.486,57 kWh 263.70 kWh/m2

SE 113.240,04 kWh 471.83 kWh/m2

SW 76.496,95 kWh 380.58 kWh/m2

20. Model #5 - Glass Roof - Winter

-14.15 kW

-25.4 kW

-33.7 kW

-15,5 kW

-60,5 kW

5.3 kW

3.3 kW

328.7 kW

-208 kW

-19.6 kW

single glazed aluminum gables

steel roof structure

timber floor boards





21,2139,63

39,70

33,20

39,60

277,23


21. Model #5 - Glass Roof - Summer

-24.5 kW

-13.5 kW

-6.5 kW

-5.4 kW

-13.3 kW

-6.7 kW

4.4 kW 13.6 kW

11.4 kW

-48.51 kW

112.6 kW

-10 kW

-3.1 kW

-11.9 kW

-17.1 kW

-16.6 kW

35.5 kW

15.9 kW

-28.2 kW

-6.8 kW

44.9 kW

6.209,50

5.661,50

1.343,00

2.553,50-67,78

-68,13


Lijfland 132.168,00 kWh 349.4 kWh/m3

Coerland 97.715,82 kWh 164.20 kWh/m3

22. Comparison

Model #1 Model #2 Model #3 Model #4 Model #5

Electricity for Heating - kWh/m2

Improvement - %

Auxiliary System Energy - kWh/m2

Heat Recovered - kWh/m2

Zone Cooling - kWh/m2

Discomfort-Hours

39.18

1.3%

34.61

12.8%

33.20

16.4%

42.72

-7.6%

39.70

19.34 17.69 39.6360.8021.21

52.06 66.09 277.230.0039.60

-74.78 -75.07 -68.13-142.83-67.78

2343 2219.5 26513201.62641

•How do the different interventions affect energy consumption?

23. Conclusion - Comfort

DiscomfortHours

2.641,00

2.343,00

2.219,50

3.201,60

2.651,00

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

•Are these interventions enough? What other impacts do these interventions have for the building?

24. Conclusion - Installations

35,0

2/6,

06

39,2

2/9,

96

23,7

1/6,

77

39,7

0/20

,50

42,7

1/60

,80

33,2

0/38

,88

ControlT rombeWall

Glass Roof ControlT rombeWall

Glass Roof

Ven la on Requirement Design Heat Load

Varia on in the sizing parameter of the Ven la on System

Energy for Fansopera on kWh/m2

Energy consumedfor Hea ngkWh/m2

Solar Gains16%

Internal Gains [Equipment,

Occupancy]84%

Source of Heat Gains [kWh/m2]

1900 m2 2100 m2

39.9 kWh/m2 52.3 kWh/m2

Building Area Building Area

System Total Energy System Total Energy

•What other factors affect energy consumption for conditioning the building?

39,70

33,20

32,56

22,77

11,39

Control

Glass Roof

GR_Wall Ins

GR_RGW ins

GR_Full Ins

25. Conclusion - Combination Models

“Which are the more appropriate interventions on the envelope of the Soda Fabriek?

2

2

2

3

3 35

5

5

+

+

+

+ +

25% energy

40% comfort

42% energy

1.5% comfort

18% energy

4% comfort

71% energy

10% comfort

Greenhouse Gass Emmissions

2014 - € 2.4 mil on building conservation subsidies

Renewable Energy Use

Energy Efficiency

-20%

-17.9%

20%

14.1%

20%

12.8%

Europe 2020

2013 Progress

26. The Bigger Picture

EnergyPerformanceofBuildingsDirective[2010]

ToledoDeclarationofEUMemberStates[2010]

EU Urban Agenda [still under development]

All stress the importance of energy upgrading

the exhisting building stock as well as the

sustainability of Arhitectural Heritage


architecturaldesign

history + archaeology

structuraldesign

climatedesign

materialscience

economics

buildingphysics

+ Refurbishment


architecturaldesign

history + archaeology

structuraldesign

climatedesign

materialscience

sustainableheritage

economics

strategic

technical

cultural

buildingphysics

+

thank You

the soda fabriek - master thesis presentation

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