The Society of The Society of Light and LightingLight and Lighting

DESIGN ASPECTS OF EMERGENCY LIGHTING

David Vaughan -lightsource Ltd

D.I.T. Kevin Street 14 October 2004

• Introduction (need for Emergency Lighting)• Legal Requirements for

– Installations– Exit Signs– Luminaire Construction

• Green Alternative• Impact of low mercury fluorescent lamps• Emergency Fitting Types / Categories• Testing Requirements• Automatic Self Testing Systems• Questions and Answers

Contents

The Need for Emergency Lighting

• If artificial lighting is installed in any public access building Emergency Lighting is a mandatory requirement

• Provides light when the ordinary lighting fails due to a power cut and it is essential in safeguarding the occupants of a building in conjunction with other safety equipment

• Strict legal regulations governing Emergency Lighting - must be regularly tested which is the responsbility of the owner/occupier

Legal Requirements

• INSTALLATIONS– Designed,tested and installed to IS3217:1989

which are part of the building regulations

• EXIT SIGNS– European Council directive no. 92/58/EEC

(Running man type – implemented in 1995 - S.I. 132 )

• LUMINAIRE CONSTRUCTION– All Emergency Lighting luminaires must be

constructed in compliance with EN60598-2-22

Legal Requirement Installation - Emergency

Lighting Certificate

• All premises when handed over to the client must be certified to IS3217:1989 which consists of a certificate signed by the consulting engineer , the installer and commissioner .

• This standard primarily dictates types and positions of Emergency Fittings .

Near stairsNear stairs Near changes of levelNear changes of level

Required Siting of Luminaires

To illuminate Exit doors and safety signsTo illuminate Exit doors and safety signs

Required Siting of Luminaires

Near each change of directionNear each change of direction

Required Siting of Luminaires

Near each intersection of corridorsNear each intersection of corridors

Required Siting of Luminaires

Near each piece of fire fighting equipmentNear each piece of fire fighting equipment

Required Siting of Luminaires

Outside and near to each final exitOutside and near to each final exit

Required Siting of Luminaires

IS3217IS3217::19891989

For escape routes up to 2m in width, the horizontal For escape routes up to 2m in width, the horizontal illuminance on the floor along the centre line of an illuminance on the floor along the centre line of an escape route shall not be less than escape route shall not be less than 0.50.5 lux lux

.5.5 Lux min. on Lux min. onCentre Line ofCentre Line ofEscape RouteEscape Route

Up toUp to2m wide2m wide

Escape Routes - Requirements

Escape Routes (previously called “defined escape routes”)Escape Routes (previously called “defined escape routes”)

Minimum Lighting Levels

EN1838 :1999 1 LuxEN1838 :1999 1 Lux IS3217:1989IS3217:1989 0.5 0.5 Lux Lux

Transverseto wall

Transversespacing

Axialto wall

Axialspacing

Transverseto wall

Transversespacing

Axialto wall

Axialspacing

1.81.5--

5.65.5--

1.51.2--

4.74.6--

2.12.01.70.8

5.65.85.85.4

1.71.71.50.6

4.64.84.94.6

Ceilingmountingheight(m)

2.5345

Escape routes0.5 Lux min.

along centre line

Open (Anti-Panic) Areas 0.5 Lux min.

Luminaires arranged ina regular array

Photometrics/Spacing Tables

• Photometrics/Spacing Tables are used when Photometrics/Spacing Tables are used when designing an emergency lighting scheme/layout.designing an emergency lighting scheme/layout.

• Each emergency luminaire should have spacing Each emergency luminaire should have spacing tables.tables.

IS IS EN 1838:EN 1838:199919994.3.1 The horizontal illuminance shall not be less than 0.5 lux at the floor level of the4.3.1 The horizontal illuminance shall not be less than 0.5 lux at the floor level of the empty core area which excludes a border of 0.5m of the perimeter of the areaempty core area which excludes a border of 0.5m of the perimeter of the area General rule of thumb : 10% OPEN PLAN , 25% Escape Route,50% StairwellsGeneral rule of thumb : 10% OPEN PLAN , 25% Escape Route,50% Stairwells

(conversions)(conversions)

Areas to cover>60m2Areas to cover>60m2 ICEL – 1006 1999 ICEL – 1006 1999

Core AreaCore Area(excludes 0.5m border)(excludes 0.5m border)

0.5 Lux0.5 Luxminimumminimum

Open Areas - Requirements

LL

NN

Unswitched supplyUnswitched supply

Emergency lightingEmergency lighting

Normal lightingNormal lighting

Non Maintained EmergencyNon Maintained Emergencylighting must be activated bylighting must be activated bylocal final circuit failurelocal final circuit failure

Requirements to Minimise Risks

19751975

20002000

19951995

Deemed to comply with Signs DirectiveDeemed to comply with Signs Directivefor for new and new and existing installationsexisting installations(UK only – BS 5499-4-2000)(UK only – BS 5499-4-2000)

Must have been replaced by Must have been replaced by 24 December 199824 December 1998

European Signs Directive FormatEuropean Signs Directive Format

Legal Requirements for Exit Signs•Illuminated signs must be used to indicate

direction of escape routes

Viewing Distance

Internally illuminated - Max D = less than 200xHExternally illuminated - Max D = less than 100xH

H

D

Legal Requirements for Luminaire Construction

Luminaires for Emergency LightingEN 60.598.2.22

• Recognised independent test house approves construction to the relevant European standard.

• Certified products ensures that products conform to all relevant EMC and LV Directives (CE).

• Certified inverters (to EN60924) conform to relevant safety and operating standards.

Certification

• Emergency lighting can be one of two system types:– Self-Contained - each fitting has a board and

battery– Centrally supplied - each has a slave board, no

battery Slave fittings are powered by CBS.

• Product types are available as slaves or self-contained – Converted product-mains fitting converted to

illuminate escape route – Bulkhead - illuminates escape route – Exit Sign-Illuminated directional sign – Twinspot - illuminates high bay/open areas.

Fitting Types

• Non-Maintained– lamp only lights when mains fail.

• Maintained– Lamp can light when mains is present

and will light when mains fail. • Sustained (Combined)

– There are two lamps, one only works when mains fail and the other only works when mains is present.

Categories

Green Alternative

How can engineers of today and the future do their part ?

•Specify NiMh (less hazardous) as oppose to NiCd batteries.

•LED Emergency products now readily available

- 100,000 hour lamp life-greatly reduced power consumption

along with little or no heat dissipation.

Impact of low mercury fluorescent lamps•European Directive RoHS

– Reduction of Hazadarous Substances (mandatory from July 2006)

-The European lighting Companies federation advised of a level no greater than 5mg of mercury for fluorescent lamps in 1998 for environmental reasons due to the toxicity ofthis substance

Impact of low mercury fluorescent lamps cont’d

Why is this important  ?

•It has implications for emergency (DC) operation .

•A variety of existing control gear are not designed to strike lamps with reduced mercury content .

• Problem manifests itself as mercury migration to one end of the lamp i.e. insufficient mercury is released and ‘pinking’ occurs followed by lamp failure .

•A solution to this is to ensure emergency control gear can run all new low mercury / amalgam lamps

– Do not switch off other essential services or equipment.

– Do not fully discharge a system if the building has to be re-occupied before re-charge is completed (Typically 24 hours).

– Do not test by removing fuses/MCB’s. This practice is not acceptably safe. Purpose designed test switches or systems should be utilised.

Routine System Testing - Safe Procedures

Testing Requirements IS3217: 1989 (pr EN 50172)

• Drawings of the emergency lighting installation shall be provided and retained on the premises.

• Annually a test certificate should be provided by the person responsible for the site

• A log book shall be kept on the premises & be available for inspection containing: – Commissioning certificate– Records of routine examination.

RecordsRecords

Testing RequirementsIS3217:1989

LEGAL COMMISSIONING AND TESTING REQUIREMENTS

-Weekly mains presence(LED) and lamp check

-3 Monthly discharge test for ½ Hour

-Annual full rated discharge test for 3 hours

(daily lamp check and monthly and annual

discharge testing for BS5266 and PrEN50172)

HOW CAN YOU BE SUREHOW CAN YOU BE SURETESTING IS DONE -TESTING IS DONE -

CORRECTLY AND ON TIME?CORRECTLY AND ON TIME?

AUTOMATIC AUTOMATIC TESTINGTESTING

Automatic Testing System type Self - Contained - stand-alone test

facilities

InitiationInitiation•Automatic TimedAutomatic Timed

•Can be set to test Can be set to test alternate luminairesalternate luminaires

IndicationIndication•local onlylocal only

•Requires Requires manual manual inspectioninspection

RecordinRecordingg

•local onlylocal only

•Requires Requires manual manual recordingrecording

Automatic Testing System type Self - Contained - Remote control

panel

InitiationInitiation•Automatic Timed or Automatic Timed or manually setmanually set

•Can be set to test Can be set to test alternate luminairesalternate luminaires

IndicationIndication•Remote and local Remote and local

•Remote Remote inspectioninspection

RecordingRecording

•From Remote From Remote PanelPanel

•Manual or Manual or Automatic Automatic PrintoutPrintout

FAULT-14

Automatic Testing - System Requirements Premises that may be occupied

at time of duration test.

If the building will not be empty for the full discharge If the building will not be empty for the full discharge test, Self contained emergency lights can be tested test, Self contained emergency lights can be tested alternately i.e. groupedalternately i.e. grouped

Emergency luminaires

Under test

Charged ready for use

IEC 62034 (Draft) - Automatic Test systems for Emergency

LightingAutomatic testing of emergency lighting

must be at least as effective as manual testing.

• Luminaire must be supplied from the battery.

• The tests must be performed at the correct intervals for the required times.

• Result of test must be reliably indicated.

• Test must be done at times of low risk.

Comparison of Testing systems

Automatic

Manual Stand alone Panel +Printer

Test switches must be fitted

No additional test switches needed – No disruption while test is performed

Staff need training how to do the test

No training needed as the test is performed automatically

Each luminaire needs checking during test.

Luminaire can be checked at any time

Results shown on panel

Log record must be kept

Log record must be kept

Log record can be downloaded

Log record must be kept from panel

Printer output is the log record

Selection of Testing system Automatic

Manual Stand alone (Self Test) Panel (Addressable)

Small installations. Small/medium installations Large installations

No grouping facility No grouping facility Grouping facility

Not suitable for retrofit Suitable for retrofit Not suitable for retrofit

THANK YOU

Questions ?