the skaneateles lake watershed composting toilet project · alternative toilet technology in...
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Ten Years of
Alternative Toilet Technology
in Practice
Mike Dimpfl
Masters Candidate
Environmental Studies
SUNY-ESF
The Skaneateles Lake Watershed Composting Toilet Project
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Domestic Water Use
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
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Where are the alternatives?
What types of challenges
do they present to users?
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http://skaneatelestalk.com/2007/10/
Skaneateles Lake
Lake/watershed ratio = 14/59 square miles
315 feet deep
424 billion gallons of water
12.4 billion/year used as drinking water by the City of Syracuse
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Pail Service (1908-1998)
Free, weekly pick-up of sewage pails
Long-standing norm
But… Technical challenges Operational costs Hiring policy change
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Small Sites
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Restricted Access
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Steep Slopes, Bedrock
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The Skaneateles Lake Watershed
Composting Toilet Project
Technology selection
-Pilot study in ’99 (5 households, Sun-Mar selected)
Education & outreach
-Community meetings/ letters to residents
Implementation (2 yr. time-line: ~’99-’00)
-74 households (of 114)
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The Skaneateles Lake Watershed
Composting Toilet Project
Sun-Mar models
Compact
Excel (most popular)
Excel NE (non-electric)
Centrex 2000 AF
Centrex 2000 AF NE
Lake’s southern end
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To compost…
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…or not to compost.
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Indoor “plumbing”
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Adaptability
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The raw and the cooked.
Raw sewage (pathogenic/nutrient rich)… …finished compost (inert/nutrient rich).
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“Like getting up on
a washing machine”
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Liquid (im)balance
Excess urine was the #1 challenge for residents using the systems.
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Technology in practice…
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Success?
3402
540
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
1998 2003
Pails of Material/Time
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Why? A future with freshwater.
20% of the globe’s freshwater is in the Great Lakes Basin
Flushing drinking water down the toilet is an unsustainable use of resources, though mechanically efficient
Alternatives to water-consuming flush-toilets exist, but information about their use in daily practice is needed to help them emerge from niche markets to wider-scale implementation
Education, information and ongoing outreach are critical to the application of alternative toilet and septic technologies
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Mike Dimpfl
Masters Candidate
Environmental Studies
SUNY-ESF
Sharon Moran, PhD
Associate Professor
Environmental Studies
SUNY-ESF
Research made possible by a grant from
the SUNY Research Foundation.
Improved Outreach for On-Site Wastewater Systems:
Understanding User Perceptions
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Citations
Abbott, Rich. Skaneateles Lake Watershed Composting Toilet Project. (2004). Small Flows Quarterly. Vol. 5: No. 2. Spring.
American Water Works Association Research Foundation. (1999). Residential Water Use Summary. http://www.aquacraft.com/Publications/resident.htm (accessed Nov. 15, 2010)
Anderson, M. V. Digital Librarian: Skaneateles Lake. http://www.digital-librarian.com/skaneateles.html#photographs (accessed Nov.2, 2010)
Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Basic Information: http://epa.gov/greatlakes/basicinfo.html (accessed November 2, 2010)
Environmental Protection Agency. (1992). “How We Use Water in these United States.” (esa21.kennesaw.edu/activities/.../water-use-overview-epa.pdf, accessed November 15, 2010)
Eveleigh, David. (2002). Bogs, Baths and Basins: The Story of Domestic Sanitation. Sutton Publishing.
Global water supply info: http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/freshwater_supply/freshwater.html
Laporte, Dominique. (1978). The History of Shit. MIT Press. Reid, Donald. (1996). Paris Sewers and Sewerman. Sea Grant Michigan. “Great Lakes Basin.”
http://www.miseagrant.umich.edu/explore/greatlakes/index.html (accessed Nov. 4, 2010) USGS. Summary of Estimated Water Use in the United States in 2005.
http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3098/ (accessed November 17, 2010). World Toilet Organization – www.wto.org