H/OH/OPre-war attitudesPre-war attitudes(see Drift towards World (see Drift towards World War II handout)War II handout)

IsolationismIsolationismNeutrality Act (1935)Neutrality Act (1935)

Gradual shift Gradual shift toward involvementtoward involvement

Cash and CarryCash and Carry

Destroyer DealDestroyer Deal

Lend-Lease Act Lend-Lease Act (repealed Neutrality Act)(repealed Neutrality Act)

Relations with JapanRelations with Japan

Japanese fears Japanese fears concerning resources, concerning resources,

etc.etc.

Pearl HarborPearl HarborU.S. Enters WarU.S. Enters War

The Home FrontThe Home Front

Some important Some important wartime agencieswartime agencies

War Production BoardWar Production BoardOrganized and coordinated Organized and coordinated industries to make quick, efficient industries to make quick, efficient transition to production of war transition to production of war materials.materials.

No consumer autos were built during No consumer autos were built during war.war.

Office of War InformationOffice of War InformationResponsible for maintaining Responsible for maintaining morale – positive propagandamorale – positive propaganda

Office of Price Office of Price AdministrationAdministration

Set prices, rationed goods, Set prices, rationed goods, fought inflation and black fought inflation and black market – assured military market – assured military

needs were metneeds were met

War Labor War Labor BoardBoard

Settled disputes between business Settled disputes between business and laborand labor Avoided strikes and maintained Avoided strikes and maintained moralemorale

Fair Employment Fair Employment Practices CommitteePractices Committee

Prevented employer Prevented employer discrimination against workersdiscrimination against workersFoundation for the civil Foundation for the civil rights movement of the rights movement of the 1950s1950s

H/OH/O

Conduct of warConduct of warTwo front war for the U.S.Two front war for the U.S.

Europe firstEurope first(See War Strategy H/O)(See War Strategy H/O)

World War II AlliesWorld War II Allies

Included Great Included Great Britain, Free France, Britain, Free France, the USSR, and the USSR, and nationalist China.nationalist China.

ConferencesConferencesCasablanca, Cairo, Teheran: Casablanca, Cairo, Teheran: Planned war strategyPlanned war strategy

Yalta: (1945) planned Yalta: (1945) planned post-war strategiespost-war strategies

PostwarPostwar PeriodPeriodService men’s readjustment act of 1944 Service men’s readjustment act of 1944 (GI Bill)(GI Bill)

The United NationsThe United NationsOrganization favored big winnersOrganization favored big winners

H/OH/OPost-War

The Cold WarThe Cold War

The Truman DoctrineThe Truman DoctrinePledged aid to Greece and Pledged aid to Greece and TurkeyTurkeyContainment policyContainment policyIntended to keep communism Intended to keep communism within its original borderswithin its original borders

Marshall PlanMarshall PlanOffered recovery assistance to Offered recovery assistance to allall European countries European countries

Communist countries declinedCommunist countries declined

Berlin BlockadeBerlin Blockade

Soviets block land access Soviets block land access U.S. responds by airU.S. responds by air

NATONATODesigned to block or contain Designed to block or contain Communists, especially Communists, especially Soviet, expansionSoviet, expansion

Ignored George Washington’s Ignored George Washington’s advice against permanent advice against permanent alliancesalliances H/OH/O

Cold War

Communist victory in ChinaCommunist victory in China

Nationalists flee to TaiwanNationalists flee to Taiwan

Government there recognized as Government there recognized as China by the United States and the China by the United States and the U.N. until NixonU.N. until Nixon

Korean WarKorean War

Communist North Korea attacks South Communist North Korea attacks South Korea, the U.N. respondsKorea, the U.N. responds

Armistice terms restore status Armistice terms restore status quoquo

SEATOSEATOSoutheast Asia Treaty Southeast Asia Treaty Organization is the Pacific Organization is the Pacific equivalent to NATOequivalent to NATO

France, Dien Bien Phu, France, Dien Bien Phu, and our involvement in and our involvement in VietnamVietnam

Antiwar demonstrations and Jane FondaAntiwar demonstrations and Jane Fonda

Hungarian RevoltHungarian Revolt

Soviets crush Soviets crush Hungarian revolutionHungarian revolution

Aswan DamAswan DamSoviets assist Egypt in Soviets assist Egypt in building the dambuilding the dam

U.S. and Britain offered U.S. and Britain offered first but withdrew the first but withdrew the offeroffer

Suez Canal seizureSuez Canal seizureEgypt takes control, France, Egypt takes control, France, Britain and Israel invade, U.S. Britain and Israel invade, U.S. and Soviets stop themand Soviets stop them

Superpower “diplomacy” at workSuperpower “diplomacy” at work

Eisenhower DoctrineEisenhower Doctrine

Offers aid to Middle Eastern Offers aid to Middle Eastern countries who feel threatened countries who feel threatened by communismby communism

U-2 incidentU-2 incidentU.S. spy plane shot down U.S. spy plane shot down

over Soviet territoryover Soviet territory

Independence of Independence of African nationsAfrican nations

Civil Wars break out all overCivil Wars break out all over

Cuban RevolutionCuban Revolution

Castro takes over, announces Castro takes over, announces communist regime, relations communist regime, relations with the U.S. deterioratewith the U.S. deteriorate

Bay of PigsBay of Pigs

Cuban refugees, backed by Cuban refugees, backed by the United States fail to the United States fail to overthrow Castrooverthrow Castro

Berlin WallBerlin WallSoviets seal off East Berlin with Soviets seal off East Berlin with physical Wallphysical Wall

Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile CrisisSoviets attempt to Soviets attempt to place missiles in place missiles in Cuba. The U.S. Cuba. The U.S. blockadesblockades

The “Hotline”The “Hotline”Direct link between U.S. Direct link between U.S. and USSR intended to and USSR intended to divert nuclear disasterdivert nuclear disasterFirst used during six day warFirst used during six day war

Nuclear test ban treatyNuclear test ban treaty

Allowed only Allowed only underground testingunderground testing

Outer Space treatyOuter Space treaty

Banned the military bases Banned the military bases weapons and weapons tests in weapons and weapons tests in outer spaceouter space

Nuclear Nuclear nonproliferation treatynonproliferation treaty

Banned the spread of nuclear Banned the spread of nuclear weapons among signatory weapons among signatory nationsnations

1969. Nixon’s visit to China1969. Nixon’s visit to China

Communist China had already Communist China had already become the U.N. member, now become the U.N. member, now President Nixon’s visit opened new President Nixon’s visit opened new friendly relations with this huge friendly relations with this huge nationnation

DetenteDetente1972-President Nixon visited Moscow 1972-President Nixon visited Moscow and signed several agreements and signed several agreements including the anti-ballistic missile including the anti-ballistic missile treatytreaty

The Cold War easedThe Cold War eased

The Reagan RevolutionThe Reagan RevolutionThe West wins the Cold WarThe West wins the Cold War

The Gorbachev influenceThe Gorbachev influenceThe I.N.F. TreatyThe I.N.F. Treaty

H/OH/O

1980 Election1980 ElectionIssuesIssues

DebatesDebatesHostage crisisHostage crisis

Reagan and CommunismReagan and Communism

Evil EmpireEvil Empire

NicaraguaNicaragua

Latin AmericaLatin America

GranadaGranada

1988 Election1988 ElectionCandidates and issuesCandidates and issues

Bush policiesBush policiesDesert Storm and Middle East policyDesert Storm and Middle East policy

economicseconomicscivil rightscivil rights

William Jefferson William Jefferson ClintonClinton

All of this review to All of this review to present will be done in present will be done in

the classroomthe classroom