the scientific revolution and the enlightenment 1500-1800 focuses on the far-reaching changes in...
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The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment
1500-1800Focuses on the far-reaching changes in life in
Western Europe brought about by the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment
Watch the videos and fill in the blanks.
All About the Enlightenment
All About The Enlightenmen
t Part 1
All About The Enlightenmen
t Part 2
Scientists Challenged Old Assumptions
Chapter 16.4 p. 386
Geocentric TheoryPtolemy (c.90-168)
Heliocentric Theory Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)
William Harvey (1578-1657)
16.4 Section Review p. 389. Define: all Identify: e, f Answer: 1, 3, 5
Section Review
European Thinkers Expressed New Ideas
Chapter 20.1 p. 460
Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
Voltaire (1694-1778)
Philosophes
Diderot’s Encyclopedia
Voltaire was a philosopher who believed in individual freedoms – especially freedom of speech and of religion. He said “I may not agree with a word you say, but I will defend to the death
your right to say it.”
Best Idea Ever!
Scientific Discoveries
Baroque Period (1600-1750)
Classical Period (1750-1830)
20.1 Section Review p. 466. Define: a, b Identify: a, b, e Answer: 1, 3, 4, 5
Section Review
Writers Advocated Liberty and Reason
Chapter 20.2 p. 466
Adam Smith (1723-1790)
• People are selfish and will try to make money and live comfortably
Self-Interest
• Makes for efficiently made, less expensive, and better quality products
Competition
• Only enough producers exist to fulfill the demand
Supply and Demand
Adam Smith read Diderot’s
encyclopedia and realized that many
economic views held in the book were
inaccurate. He came up with his own
economic theories that are still
considered today. He wrote about liberty
applied to the economy and trade – thus “FREE TRADE”
Executive
Legislative
Judicial
Balance of Power
Baron de Montesquieu(1689-1755)
Montesquieu believed in political liberty – namely through “separation of powers” where different parts of government should have different powers to check or “balance” the power of other areas:1. “Executive” – The King and his ministers to carry
out the law.2. “Legislative” – A parliament to hold power to
make the law.3. “Judicial” – Judges to interpret and apply the law.
Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
John Locke (1632-1704)
John Locke was an English thinker who believed that all people were essentially
good and possessed natural rights – like liberty, the right to property, and
life. He spread the thought that a government should
only be in power as long as the people are happy with
their rule.
Rousseau was a writer who believed in the “Social Contract” which would
benefit all of society. He believed that liberty was
every person’s natural right and that a legitimate government ruled with the
consent of the people.
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
Not everyone progressed in thinking about liberty and
freedoms. After witnessing the horrors of civil war in England,
Thomas Hobbes was convinced that all humans were naturally wicked and,
left to themselves, would give free reign to their evil ways. He wrote that governments were there to protect people from their own evils, and that the best government was an
“absolute monarch” with complete and total power.
20.2 Section Review p. 468. Define: a, b Identify: a, b Answer: 1a, 2, 3b, 4a, 5
Section Review