the science of dreams
DESCRIPTION
The Science of Dreams. Presentation by Charles Beaman MD/PhD Student UT Health. Are Dreams Important?. 2 Nobel Prizes. Neils Bohr Structure of Atoms and Quantum Mechanics. Otto Loewi Chemical Transmission of Nerve Impulses. How Do We Measure Dreams?. How Do We Measure Dreams?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Science of DreamsPresentation
byCharles Beaman
MD/PhD StudentUT Health
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Are Dreams Important?2 Nobel Prizes
Otto Loewi Chemical Transmission of
Nerve Impulses
Neils BohrStructure of Atoms and
Quantum Mechanics
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How Do We Measure Dreams?
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How Do We Measure Dreams?St
ages
of S
leep
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Two Types of DreamsSt
ages
of S
leep
NREM
REM
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Alpine Racer 2
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Dreaming in RatsNow we can actually LISTEN to the Neurons in the brain
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Dreaming in Rats
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Rats in the Maze
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Dreaming in Rats
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NREM Dreaming
REM Dreaming
• Compressed in Time Scale (1 sec of dream equals 10 of reality)• Practice Learned skills
• Expanded Time Scale • Simulations?• Testing Future Possibilities
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Why Do We have Nightmares?
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How Does My Lab Measure Dreams?
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Electrocorticoraphy
• Intractable Epilepsy Patients
• Patients in the Hospital for about 1 week
• We can use this time window to study Sleep
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Local Sleep
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The Dream-Reading Machine
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Neural Decoding of Visual Imagery During Sleep
T. Horikawa, M. Tamaki, Y. Miyawaki, Y. KamitaniATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan
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Task Design
Awoken every 5-6 minutes
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Outline of Sleep (Nap) Experiment
• 3 subjects• 1 pm to 5:30 pm• fMRI scans + EEG, EOG, EMG, and ECG• Usually last 90 minutes over 7 days > 200
awakenings with visual report• Subject awakened after single epoch of alpha-
wave suppression and theta-wave (ripple) occurrence (Stage 1 sleep)
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Success with Awakening at Appropriate Time
235 awakenings
198 awakenings
186 awakenings
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Example of Verbal Reports
Reports lasted 34 +- 19 seconds
They also collected a “Vividness” and subjective timing of each event, but did not use this data
Non-visual reports were classified as: thought (active thinking), forgot, non-visual, and no report
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Visual Content Labeling - WordNet
Based on Synonymy – 117,000 “synsets” that are sets of related words
They assigned all reports to synsets.
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Base Synsets – Common, specific
semantically exclusive and specific
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Visual Stimulus Experiment
• Used ImageNet – 240 images per base synset
• Placed in center of screen, subjects freely viewed images without fixation
• fMRI recorded for each base synset
• 9 second stimulus block, 6 images sampled from one synset, .75 s with .75 s interleaved blanks
• Followed by 6 s rest period
• ~40 blocks per base synset were recorded
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Area of Brain Studied• Higher Visual Cortex – ventral region covering
lateral occipital complex, fusiform face area, and parahippocampal area (1000 voxels)
• Lower Visual Cortex – V1 to V3 (1000 voxels)• Subareas (400 voxels)
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Pairwise DecodingBinary classifier was first trained on fMRI data to 2 base synsets, then tested on sleep samplesContaining exclusively 1 of the 2 synsets
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Multilabel Decoding
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Videos
• http://www.sciencemag.org.ezproxyhost.library.tmc.edu/content/suppl/2013/04/03/science.1234330.DC1/1234330s1.mov
• http://www.sciencemag.org.ezproxyhost.library.tmc.edu/content/suppl/2013/04/03/science.1234330.DC1/1234330s2.mov
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Sleep Types