the science behind breaking world records
TRANSCRIPT
!"#$%&'#(&#$)#"'(*$)+#,-'(.$/0+1*$2#&0+*3$4$/'(('(.$
51678'&$9#*,13$$!"#$%$&'($&)*+,-$./01'2/!'3245&/"*6'
!+70'"8'9$"*".$&:*';&$+%&+4'<%$=+-4$05'"8'>44+?'
Energy Transfer & Human Performance
Fig 1. World Record Average Running Speeds
!"#
!!#
!$#
!%#
!&#
'"#
'!#
'$#
'%#
'&#
$"#
(""#)
#
!""#)
#
$""#)
#
&""#)
#
("""#)#
(*""#)#+,-.#
!"""#)#
'"""#)#
*"""#)#
("#/)
#
!"#/)
#
01-2#+
1314567#
!*#/)
#
'"#/)
#
+1314567#
!"#$%&#'()
**+*&',-##.'/01234'
5"#*6'7+86%*9#'
Fig 2. World Record Average Running Speeds
!"#
$%#
$$#
$&#
$'#
$"#
(%#
($#
(&#
('#
("#
&%#
%# )%%%# !%%%%# !)%%%# $%%%%# $)%%%# (%%%%# ()%%%# &%%%%# &)%%%#
!"#$%&#'()
**+*&',-##.'/01234'
5"#*6'7+86%*9#'
Fig 1. World Record Average Running Speeds
!"#
!!#
!$#
!%#
!&#
'"#
'!#
'$#
'%#
'&#
$"#
(""#)
#
!""#)
#
$""#)
#
&""#)
#
("""#)#
(*""#)#+,-.#
!"""#)#
'"""#)#
*"""#)#
("#/)
#
!"#/)
#
01-2#+
1314567#
!*#/)
#
'"#/)
#
+1314567#
!"#$%&#'()
**+*&',-##.'/01234'
5"#*6'7+86%*9#'
@%:+-"A$&'2"
,+-'
@B2'C'23
-'
@%:+-"A$&'3:7:&$05'
@B2'C'23
-'C'D:&E&'@&$F'
@+-"A$&'3:7:&$05'
@B2'G''HI1'3:-A"/
5F-:0+'J'K:0'
O2
@0/*+0+1'@%$#:*'J'L+.+0:A*+'
@0/*+0+1'@%$#:*'J'L+.+0:A*+'
@0/*+0+1'@%$#:*'J'L+.+0:A*+'
@0/*+0+1'@%$#:*'J'L+.+0:A*+'
Fig 3. Respiration: From Air to Blood
Fig 4. The Heart
Fig 5. Athlete vs. Non-athlete Heart
Fig 5. Athlete vs. Non-athlete Heart
>%*:-.+F'@0/*+E&'M+:-0'2:0/:*".$&:*N''
OPIQ'R'3"%&+-%':0'$%:S.S-:*'H?8"-FG3:#A-$F.+'9":0'T:&+'OPUV'R'9@@3'W(+&/:%$&'3*:S4+X'+?&*SF$%.'#:%S:*',"-)+-4'OQIPGOQUY'R'Z"#+%'A:%%+F'8-"#'IYY#C'H*5#7$&'+=+%04''
Fig 6. Differences in L. Ventricular Mass
!"
#!"
$!!"
$#!"
%!!"
%#!"
&!!"
&#!"
'()*+,(-." /(.0*+(1-"2*+,(-." 34*,()"2*+,(-."
!"#$%"
&'()*
+,-($.
-//$012$
3(-)&)&1$4'-'+/$
5+6-" 7-8+6-"
<[BT@\[>!'
BT@\[>!'
Fig 6. Differences in L. Ventricular Mass
!"
#!"
$!!"
$#!"
%!!"
%#!"
&!!"
&#!"
'()*+,(-." /(.0*+(1-"2*+,(-." 34*,()"2*+,(-."
!"#$%"
&'()*
+,-($.
-//$012$
3(-)&)&1$4'-'+/$
5+6-" 7-8+6-"
<[BT@\[>!'
BT@\[>!'BT@\[>!'
<[BT@\[>!'
Table 1. Bigger heart, better performance.
BT@\[>!'<[BT@\[>!'
T+40';0-")+'L"*S#+']#*^ 'UY 'OYY ''''''''''''''''''''
T+40'M+:-0'T:0+']A6#$%GO^ 'UY'G'PY '_Y'G'UY ''''''''''''''''''''
(:?';0-")+'L"*S#+']#*^ 'OYY 'OUY ''''''''''''''''''''
T+40'3:-F$:&'HS07S0']*6#$%GO^ '`6U'G'_6P '_'G'U ''''''''''''''''''''
(:?'3:-F$:&'HS07S0']*6#$%GO^ 'IY '`Y''''''''''''''''''''
Fig 7. Oxygen Transport in the Blood & Circulation
2010 Altitude Training at Font Romeu – 1850 m
:1;<=*#$:'+$
>+#33=+#[email protected]$
5B$>+#33=+#[email protected]$
;+:'D+=+*']Y'#^'' VUY' OaQ'
K"%0'T"#+S']OPaY'#^' UOa' OIQ'
>*F"-+01'b+%5:']IaYY'#^' aVY' OOQ'
cS$*&/:1'3/$**$']_aQY'#^' __I' QI'
Table 2. UK Athletics Altitude Training Camps 2011/12
Hypoxic Sleep Tents and Training Chambers
!"
#!"
$!"
%!"
&!"
'!"
(!"
)!"
*!"
+!"
#!!"
!" #!" $!" %!" &!" '!" (!" )!" *!" +!" #!!"
!"#$%&'%()*+,-.&#*+/"012"3%
*+45
6+
7"23"'+72#8812#+%9+,-.&#*+4$$!&6+
Fig 8. Hold on Tight Kids – O2 Delivery to the Muscle
Fig 1. World Record Average Running Speeds
!"#
!!#
!$#
!%#
!&#
'"#
'!#
'$#
'%#
'&#
$"#
(""#)
#
!""#)
#
$""#)
#
&""#)
#
("""#)#
(*""#)#+,-.#
!"""#)#
'"""#)#
*"""#)#
("#/)
#
!"#/)
#
01-2#+
1314567#
!*#/)
#
'"#/)
#
+1314567#
!"#$%&#'()
**+*&',-##.'/01234'
5"#*6'7+86%*9#'
@%:+-"A$&'2"
,+-'
@B2'C'23
-'
@%:+-"A$&'3:7:&$05'
@B2'C'23
-'C'D:&E&'@&$F'
@+-"A$&'3:7:&$05'
@B2'G''HI1'3:-A"/
5F-:0+'J'K:0'
Fig 9. The Fate of Oxygen at the Muscle
(\BH3MH[!T\@' Hdef>['
@B2'C'MIH'
fDe3Hf>['
fD<3H;>'
2eT<L@B>'
MC'@B2'C'3IH'
23-'C'@!2'
@B2'C'3-'
D@3B@B>'
9DHH!'
Fig 10. Muscle Fibre Types
>+'(&'81#3$0C$!+,'('(.D
O'5E#+10,*'R'B57+1'K-+gS+%&51'\%0+%4$05'J'!S-:E"%6'2-+=+%0'"=+-G0-:$%$%.'R'h%+'*$%+',$0/'+*$0+':0/*+0+4i'2+-$"F$4:E"%6'
_'
`'
I' %8#&'F&'<6'R';7+&$h&'@F:70:E"%4'0"'\#7"4+F'!+#:%F4'];@\!^6'
2#E#+3'G'1'<6'R'@F:70:E"%4'*"40':j+-'IG,++)4'0"'IG#"%0/46'
H(*'E'*=,1'<6'R'\%%:0+'F$k+-+%&+46'(S4&*+'057+'&"#7"4$E"%1'#:?'"?5.+%'S70:)+6'
Fig 11. Training-induced Muscle Hypertrophy
Table 3. 5-Months Heavy Training Adaptations
$$>+#I<+,'('(.$
?79A$>03<$!+,'('(.$
?79A$J'K#+#(&#$
?LA$
>M+$ NOPN$ NQPR$ SPT$
:!>$ SPN$ UPR$ NQPV$
W16&0.#($ QUPT$ NNTPX$ TBPR$
Fig 12. Lactate Threshold Adaptation
!"
#"
$"
%"
&"
'"
("
)"
*"
+"
*" #!" #$" #&" #(" #*" $!" $$" $&"
!"##
$%&'()')*%+#
,(*,
)-'.
#,%/0
12%
34,,5,6%78**$%/90:;-2%
,-./0-123234"
,567/0-123234"
;B>@!e';B@B>' K@B\f<>';B>@!e';B@B>' K@B\f<>'
Fig 13. Lactate Threshold and Marathon WR’s
!"##$!"#%$!"&#$!"&%$!"!#$!"!%$!"'#$!"'%$!"(#$!"(%$!"%#$!"%%$'"##$'"#%$'"&#$'"&%$'"!#$'"!%$'"'#$'"'%$
&)##$
&)#($
&)#*$
&)&!$
&)&+$
&)!#$
&)!($
&)!*$
&)'!$
&)'+$
&)(#$
&)(($
&)(*$
&)%!$
&)%+$
&)+#$
&)+($
&)+*$
&),!$
&),+$
&)*#$
&)*($
&)**$
&))!$
&))+$
!###$
!##($
!##*$
!#&!$
!"#$%&'
"()*+#
&),-.#
#/)
0&12)
-./0$123./0$
Table 4. Can the sub 2-hour marathon be achieved?
/"0$ Y,;0(,1'<6$/"#($ !'7#$ 9'(3$8#+$-7$ -8"$
3:-*"4'D"7+4' '2"-0S.:*' OQPa' YIlYVlOU' Y`'#'Y6Q'4' OQ6Q'2:0-$&)'(:):S' b+%5:' IYOO' YIlY`l`P' YI'#'aa6P'4' IY6a'NNN' NNN' IY`V' YOlaQlaQ' YI'#'aY6U'4' IO6O'
@0'I'/"S-4'0/+'&S--+%0'-+&"-F'/"*F+-',:4'4E**'O6I')#'8-"#'0/+'h%$4/i''
T+gS$-+4':%'$%&-+:4+'$%':=+-:.+'47++F'"8'Y6U')#m/-''
3"%4$F+-:A*+'#+0:A"*$&'&"40''
!"#$>36&"010.6$'3$M0781#ZD
!"#$>36&"010.6$'3$M0781#ZD
!"#$>36&"010.6$'3$M0781#ZD
!"#$>36&"010.6$'3$M0781#ZD
!"#$>36&"010.6$'3$M0781#ZD
!"#$>36&"010.6$'3$M0781#ZD
Fig 15. Mile Pacing Data & Anaerobic Reserves
!"#
!$#
!%#
$&#
$'#
$"#
$$#
$%#
(&#
('#
("#
)# '# *# "#
!"#$%&'($)*+$
!"#$,-'.(/$
+,-./0#1/203/#4)%%&5#"#6#'*7'#8##
923/0#:,;;<8./0#4)=!"5#*#6#!=7"#8#
>/?#@2/#4)=(=5#*#6#"=7#
A<BC,6#D-#1E/002EF#4)===5#*#6#"*7)#8#
Fig 16. Gabrsallasie Marathon World Record Pacing
!"#$%
!"#&%
'$#$%
'$#&%
'!#$%
'!#&%
''#$%
$% &% !$% !&% '$% '&% ($% (&% )$%
!"#$%&#'()
**+*&',-##.'/0123$4'
5+67%*8#'()*'/014'
!"#$%&'#(&#$)#"'(*$)+#,-'(.$/0+1*$2#&0+*3$4$/'(('(.$
51678'&$9#*,13$$!"#$%$&'($&)*+,-$./01'2/!'3245&/"*6'
!+70'"8'9$"*".$&:*';&$+%&+4'<%$=+-4$05'"8'>44+?'