The Russian Domain

Setting the Boundaries Landforms and Climate Historical Geography Population and Settlement Demographic and Health Crisis in Russia Geopolitical Framework Reminders: Exam III on Friday! For Next Class: Read Chapter 10!

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The Russian Domain

Figure 9.1

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Images of Russia

Figure 9.0

Moscow: International business center

Kamchatka Peninsula

Figure 9.4

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Diverse Physical Landscapes

• European West

• Ural Mountains and Siberia– Taiga– Permafrost

• Russian Far East

• Caucasus and Transcaucasus

Northwestern Russia: Boreal Forest

Figure 9.1.1

What are the major climate types of Russia?

Main Climate Types of Russia

Midlatitude Steppe (BSk) Cold Continental (D)

• Humid continental (Dfb/Dwb)• Subarctic (Dfc/Dfd, Dwc/Dwd) – brutally cold in

winter Tundra (ET)

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Climate

Figure 9.8

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Agricultural RegionsFigure 9.9

Harsh climates and poor soils: limits agricultural productivity

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Diverse Landscapes

Figure 9.10

Ukraine: agriculturally productive land, wheat field

Caucasus Mountains: rugged borderlands

Figure 9.11

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Environmental Issues – Overview

Figure 9.5

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Environmental Issues (cont’d)

Figure 9.7

Siberian lumber: forest destruction

Lake Baikal, Siberia: Industrial pollution

Figure 9.6

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2014 Olympic Games in Sochi, Russia

Figure 9.2.1

Host of a “Green” Winter Olympic Games

Sochi Region: potential development damage

Figure 9.2.2

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Population and Settlement

Figure 9.14

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Migration Patterns

Figure 9.17

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• Eastern Movement– Trans-Siberian RR– BAM RR

• Political Motives– Directed migration– Gulag Archipelago– Russification

Migration Figure 9.18

Figure 9.4.1

Chinese immigrants

Non-Russian immigrants

Demographic Crisis

When did the demographic and health crisis occur in Russia and what were the causes?

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• Persistently declining population

• Low fertility rates

• High death rates

• Government incentives

Demographic Crisis

Figure 9.21

Population pyramids

Huge changes in incomeinequality between 1988and 1993!

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Cultural Coherence and Diversity

Figure 9.23

Historical Geography of Russia Late 1400s – Russian Empire began to take shape Ivan the Terrible (1547-1584)

• Volga River basin, eastward into Siberia• Cossacks – group of semi-nomadic people helped eastward expansion

Peter the Great (1682-1725)• Moved capital to St. Petersburg on the Baltic Sea (known as a forward

capital), incorporated Estonia, expanded into Central Asia Catherine the Great (1762-1796)

• Expanded into Crimean Peninsula, Black Sea Coast, and Caucasus Mts 1800s – Russia continued to expand eastward, also conquered

Poles and Finns to the west• 1892 construction of Trans-Siberian railroad, annexation of Manchuria• Largest territorially contiguous empire in the world!

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Linguistic Diversity (cont’d)

Figure 9.26

Russians in Ukraine

Figure 9.28

Caucasus Region

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Cultural Diversity

Figure 9.30

Moscow Mosque

Figure 9.31

Ukrainian singing star

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Current Geopolitical Framework

Figure 9.33

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Natural Resources and Industry

Figure 9.38

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Economic GlobalizationFigure 9.41

• Globalized consumer

• Oil and gas industry

• Regional differences

Russia’s expanding pipelines