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The RSF Program

© 2003 SarTec® Corporation

®

Nutritional Perspective – SarTec Observations• Effect of Yucca in the Diet

• Protozoa Toxicity

• Yucca Effect on Blood and Milk Urea Nitrogen

• Starch Utilization

The New SarTec RSF program (Receiving, Starting and Finishing)

Feeding Trial Summaries

Customer Observations and Bloat Considerations

Concluding Remarks – SarTec’s new RSF program is designed to maximize the benefits of formulated yucca extract from the beginning to the end of the feeding period.

OutlineOutline

Proposed Mode of ActionProposed Mode of Action“Sarsaponin, a steroidal glycoside of sarsasapogenin, derived from Yucca shidigera, is the principal active ingredient in the surfactant used to temper the corn in this study. Increases in ruminal microbial efficiency have been a consistent response to sarsaponin supplementation of growing-finishing diets for feedlot cattle (Grobner et al., 1982; Zinn et al., 1983; Zinn, 1988). This effect of sarsaponin on microbial efficiency may be attributed to its antiprotozoal activity (Valdez et al., 1986; Lu and Jorgensen, 1987; Klita et al., 1996).”

Professor Richard Zinn, University of Davis, CA

Rumen protozoa observed using a light microscope

Rumen Efficiency EffectsRumen Efficiency Effects

“The rumen protozoa reduce the efficiency of fermentation in the rumen, and increases in animal performance often occur when the protozoa are removed (a process called defaunation). Yucca saponins are effective in suppressing rumen protozoa, again by reacting with cholesterol in the protozoal cell membrane, causing it to lyse.” Source: http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/sp-su98/saponins.html

Peter R. Cheeke, Ph.D. Professor of Comparative Nutrition OSU/LPI Affiliate Investigator

Saponin Toxicity To Protozoa Saponin Toxicity To Protozoa Numerous studies have now demonstrated that saponins and saponin-containing plants have toxic effects on protozoa:

• In vitro, toxicity of Y. schidigera extract towards protozoa hasbeen noted from a fall in numbers in fermenters (Makkar et al., 1998; Wang et al 1998) or in bacteriolytic activity (Wallace et al. 1994).

• In vivo, powdered Y. shidigera decreased rumen protozoal numbers in heifers (Hristov et al., 1999).

• The sensitivity of ciliate protozoa towards saponins may be explained by the presence of sterols in protozoal, but not bacterial membranes (Williams & Coleman 1992). Thus, the sterol-binding capability of saponins (Hostettmann & Marston 1995) most likely causes the destruction of protozoal cell membranes.

Saponin Toxicity To Protozoa Saponin Toxicity To Protozoa

Rumen Protozoa Examples Rumen Protozoa Examples

Ophryoscolex caudatus tricoronatus author S. Kisidayová

Eremoplastron


Epidinium ecaudatum f. caudatum et ecaudatum

Polyplastron


Eudiplodinium Entodinium longinucleatum


Isotricha intestinalis author S. Kisidayová

Isotricha prostoma author S. Kisidayová Dasytricha ruminantium author S. Kisidayová


Mixed rumen ciliatesEu Eudiplodinium

Ep EpidiniumEn EntodiniumD Daystrichia

O OstracodiniumEl Enoplastron

A Spirotrich showingthe anterior cilia (x 2000)


A Holotrich showing cilia over the whole body surface (x 2783)

Chains of bacteria adhering to the surface of a protozoan (x 932)

Body striations and adherent bacteria (x 7738)


A Diplodinium with adherent bacteria on the surface, probably methanogens which live symbiotically with their host (x 1065)


An Entodiniomorph, genus Ophryoscolex (x 1065) A Holotrich, genus Isotricha showing cilia over the whole body surface (x 440)

Effect of Effect of DefaunationDefaunation and Amino and Amino Acid Supplementation on Growth and Acid Supplementation on Growth and

Amino Acid Balance in SheepAmino Acid Balance in SheepDefaunation ( elimination of rumen protozoa) increased the rate and efficiency of body weight gain in growing sheep but did not affect feed intake.

Rate of body weight gain was highest for defaunatedsheep supplemented with ruminally protected methionine and lysine.

WaelWael G. G. FahmyFahmy, Ali O. , Ali O. BahaaBahaa, Michael R. Murphy, , Michael R. Murphy, SiyabulelaSiyabulela W. W. NombekelaNombekela, Robert N. , Robert N. Corley, III. And Jim S. ZhuCorley, III. And Jim S. Zhu

DefaunationDefaunation and Amino Acid and Amino Acid Supplementation Effects on SheepSupplementation Effects on Sheep

a,b,cMeans in the same row without a common superscript differ (P<.05)

0.360.30.310.34Wool growth, ounces per day

.18a.15a.07c0.11bEfficiency of gain, pounds of gain per pound of dry matter

0.4a0.29b0.15c0.26bBody weight gain, pounds per day

2.221.922.162.28Dry matter intake, pounds per day

Supplemented ControlSupplementedControl

DefaunatedFaunatedProtozoa Diet Measure

Effects of protozoa on bacterial nitrogen Effects of protozoa on bacterial nitrogen recycling in the rumenrecycling in the rumen

DefaunationDefaunation improved the improved the intraruminalintraruminal metabolism of N by metabolism of N by increasing the increasing the ruminalruminal bacterial biomass and flow of bacterial bacterial biomass and flow of bacterial N to the intestine.N to the intestine.

In conclusion In conclusion defaunationdefaunation improved improved ruminalruminal N metabolism N metabolism through the enhancement of bacterial protein synthesis, and through the enhancement of bacterial protein synthesis, and improvement in the flow of microbial protein to the host improvement in the flow of microbial protein to the host animal.animal.

K.M. Koenig, C.J. K.M. Koenig, C.J. NewboldNewbold, F.M. McIntosh and L.M. Rode, F.M. McIntosh and L.M. Rode

J.Anim.Sci2000.78.2431J.Anim.Sci2000.78.2431--24452445

SarTempSarTemp®® Effect on Microbial Effect on Microbial NitrogenNitrogen

6264666870727476788082

Dry Rolled Corn Steam Flake CornGrain Processing Method

Mic

robi

al N

itrog

en L

eavi

ng th

e A

bom

asum

(g/d

)

ControlSarTemp

Source: Professor Richard Zinn, “Influence of Tempering on the Comparative Feeding Value of Rolled and Steam-Flaked Corn for Feedlot Steers” University of California, El Centro 92243.

Yucca Effects on BUN in Dairy CowsYucca Effects on BUN in Dairy Cows

1993 Florida Dairy Field Trial on yucca extract

“Results: A 12,000 cow commercial herd with a history of high BUN and low conception problems was utilized to test the effects of yucca extract. A total of 850 cows in the early lactation group were fed control and yucca extract diets on successive months. Twenty-four randomly selected cows were bled and BUN levels determined on both months, with data analyzed by paired-t analysis. Yucca extract significantly (P<0.001) reduced the BUN levels by an average of 31.3%.”

Carcass Quality ConsiderationsCarcass Quality Considerations

“There are two windows of opportunity in a calf’s life that can affect the carcass quality of the animal at slaughter. The first is at weaning. The second is placement in a feedlot. Nutritional and Health management during these two periods is critical to ensure later marbling.”-- Corah, Larry, Animal Scientist, “Managing the marbling window toCorah, Larry, Animal Scientist, “Managing the marbling window to let profit in”.let profit in”.

A Good Plane of NutritionA Good Plane of NutritionA major factor in good nutrition is high quality protein. Bacterial protein is the best quality protein in the calf’s diet. “This bacterial protein is 65% protein and is 96% digestible. This quality of feed is not available in any feed store in the world.”--Dan E. Gary, Ranch Consultant.Dan E. Gary, Ranch Consultant.

“Protozoa ingest and digest bacteria in the rumen decreasing the flow of microbial protein from the rumen, and inserting an energy wasting step in the net synthesis of bacterial protein in the rumen.”--Williams and Coleman, 1992.Williams and Coleman, 1992.

Yucca Effects on MUN in DairyYucca Effects on MUN in DairyArgentina Study on yucca supplement155 Cows from a commercial heard selected for 150 day studyCows fed 0.0 or 1.0 gram/cow per day yucca supplement

RESULTS: Milk production increased 1.24 kg/cow per day from 70-150 daysMUN levels decreasedTrue milk protein increased by 40 g/cow per dayReproduction was significantly improved

Authors: C.N. Corbellini, C.A. Introzzi, E. Garbarino, C. Capitanelli, J. Auzmendi and M. Marrodan

Starch total tractdigestion (%)

86878889909192939495

Control SarStart D

Starch ruminal digestion (%)

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

Control SarStart D

Starch fecal excretion (g/day)

0

100

200

Control SarStart D

22% more left the abomasum compared to the controlStarch digestion in the lower gut is more efficientStarch digested in the rumen was 10% less than the controlLess starch digestion in the rumen means less acid productionFecal starch was reduced to only 50% of the control

Metabolism Study Results-More Efficient Starch Usage*

*Data courtesy of Professor Richard Zinn, University of Davis, CA

SarTecSarTec®® RSFRSF (Receiving, Starting (Receiving, Starting and Finishing)and Finishing) ProgramProgram

50 cc dose of SarStart® Plus at receiving

1 gram per head per day of SarStart® DSC or 2 cc per head per day of SarStart® LSC for the next 28 days in your starter ration

0.5 gram per head per day of SarStart® DSC or 1 cc per head per day of SarStart® LSC or 5.5 oz/ton of SarTemp® for the remainder of the finishing program

What is What is SarStartSarStart®® Plus? Plus? SarStart® Plus is a yucca-based drench designed to

enhance the appetite and increase the daily feed intake of cattle.

SarStart® Plus is a liquid, and is administered as an oral drench.

SarStart® Plus includes an egg culture product within its formulation.

25 to 50 cc per head at processing is the recommended dose range. Long haul cattle have been given 50 cc at receiving with outstanding success.

Why Why SarStartSarStart®® at Receiving?at Receiving?Two windows of opportunity that affect carcass quality:

WeaningWeaningFeedlot placementFeedlot placement

A major factor in good nutrition is high quality protein.Yucca saponins reduce the population of ruminal protazoa.Conclusion: By giving a high dose of SarStart at weaning and receiving, the ruminal protazoa is reduced, which increases the level of bacterial protein available to the animal and overall nutritional plane.

What is What is SarStartSarStart®® DSCDSC? ? SarStart® DSC is a yucca-based product designed to

increase dry matter intake and feed efficiency of cattle.

SarStart® DSC is a dry powder, and may be administered through a micro ingredient machine.

0.5 to 2.0 grams per head per day is the recommended application rate.

SarStart® LSC is a yucca-based product designed to increase dry matter intake and feed efficiency of cattle.

SarStart® LSC is a liquid, and may be administered through a micro ingredient machine.

1.0 to 2.0 cc per head per day is the recommended application rate.

What is What is SarStartSarStart®® LSCLSC? ?

$7.18Added Value Per Steer$0.274$0.299Cost Per Pound of Gain8.8%Efficiency Improvement4.564.96Feed(lb.)/Gain (lb.)18.117.9 DM Intake (lb.)2828Days on Feed

4.003.64ADG (lb.)55Steers per Pen66Pens per Treatment

SarStart DSCControlITEM

28-Day Results on Dry Rolled Grain at Texas Tech University

8.8% Lower Cost of Gainon Cattle Fed SarStart® DSC

C. Ward and M. Galyean, Department of Animal Science and Food Technology, Texas Tech University, November 1999.

SarStart® Plus DemonstrationProtocol – 5 pens of received cattle were split into 2

groups. Group A (92 Head) was given a 50 cc drench of SarStart Plus upon processing. Group B (93 Head) acted as untreated control.

Observations – 16 head were pulled from the untreated control group. Only 2 head were pulled from the treated group (received SarStart Plus). Furthermore, all pulled animals received a 50 cc dose of SarStart Plus, no re-pulls occurred.

SarStartSarStart®® DSCDSC Feeding Feeding DemonstrationDemonstration

Conducted at a Customer’s Feedlot11 Pens of Cattle on Treatment of SarStart® DSC at the rate of 0.5 g/hd day11 Pens of Cattle as a ControlAll Grain Processed at the grain conditioning level SarTemp® and Steam FlakedAll Cattle Implanted with Synovex S®, and Fed Rumensin® and Tylan®

Control TreatedNumber of Pens 11 11Number of Cattle/Pen 70 70Ave. Initial Weight 857 853Ave. Final Weight 1284 1297ADG 3.36 3.44Dry Matter Intake (lb/day) 20.1 20.3Feed Conversion 6.58 6.44

Demonstration ResultsDemonstration Results

SUMMARY• 2.4% improvement in average daily gain • 2.2% improvement in feed conversion

Economic ConsiderationsEconomic Considerations

Net Added Value $9.12

Control Test DifferenceHead 668 665ADG 3.36 3.44 0.07DM Conversion 6.58 6.44 -0.14Gain/Head 427.4 443.8 16.36

Value of Gain/Head $299.18 $310.64 $11.45Carcass Premium/Head $25.12 $26.65 $1.53Product Cost/Head -$0.48 -$1.33 -$0.85Feed Cost/Head -$182.68 -$185.70 -$3.02

10,000 head = a net added value of $91,200.00!

Observation from a FeedlotTexas Feedlot Mill Manager Observations Before and After SarTec Equipment and Product Installation

• Accuracy

• Consistency

Result: Increased Consumption

10 months prior to SarComputer installation the average intake on the finishing ration was 23.5 pounds per head per day

11 months after the SarComputer installation the average intake on the finishing ration was 25.5 pounds per head per day

Increase in Consumption of 2.0 pounds per head per day

Customer Testimonials on BloatCustomer Testimonials on Bloat“ We gave it to some really sick cattle. We gave it alone to see if the benefit was due to the SarStart Plus. By the next day the cattle looked a lot better.”

“Dosed 390 head, they had been here for 15 days, only pulled 3 head after the SarStart Plus. I thought for sure we would pull 25% they looked so tough.”

“We have seen a significant reduction in bloat with these Holsteins.”

“We are happy with the reduced number of pulls for bloat.”

“We haven’t pulled any bloats since getting them on it.”

Trial # -Description

ADG(lb/day)

Efficiency(Feed lbs/Gain lbs)

Type of Processing

Trial Location

1 - SarTemp 3.34 5.20 DRY ROLL1 - Control 3.48 5.33 DRY ROLL1 - % Improvement (4.2) 2.5 DRY ROLL

University of California, El Centro

2 - SarTemp 3.80 5.87 DRY ROLL2 - Control 3.41 6.47 DRY ROLL2 - % Improvement 11.4 9.3 DRY ROLL

University of Nebraska, Scottsbluff


University of Nebraska, Scottsbluff




Texas Tech University

Trials 1-5Avg% Improvement

ADG7.2

Efficiency6.1 DRY ROLL

6 - SarTemp 3.39 4.97 STEAM FLAKE6 - Control 3.26 5.05 STEAM FLAKE6 - % Improvement 4.0 1.6 STEAM FLAKE



Independent Feedlot


Texas Tech University

Trials 6-8Avg% Improvement

ADG3.3

Efficiency1.9 STEAM FLAKE

Quality Assurance AssaysQuality Assurance Assays

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)Surface TensionpH Bulk DensityPercent Moisture

Picture of the Main SarTec Picture of the Main SarTec Research Lab in Anoka, MNResearch Lab in Anoka, MN

2003 Feeding Trial at KSU2003 Feeding Trial at KSUon the RSF Programon the RSF Program

Professor James Drouillard, Ph.D. Kansas State University Trial No. 2003-04, Beef Cattle Research Center.“The primary objective of this efficacy study is to compare growth performance, feed intake, feed efficiency, animal health, and carcass characteristics for cattle fed dry-rolled corn diets with and without added yucca extract.”The study will include two treatments with 27 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design.A total of 324 to 378 cattle will be used in the study, and will be assigned to pens containing 6 to 7 head each.

ConclusionsConclusionsGrain processing equipment is the most accurate and technologically advanced in the market todayThe effects of yucca-extract formulated SarTec products in beef cattle diets has been well studied:

Decreased ruminal protozoa populationDecreased BUN and MUN in dairy cowsBetter plane of nutrition is achievableBetter starch utilization2-6% Better feed efficiency3-7% Better average daily gain

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