1. 1. THE MAIN EVENTS COLD WAR 1947 1991 OPERATION CYCLONE, AFGHANISTAN, 1979 1989 BIRTH OF AL QAEDA, PAKISTAN 1988 OPERATION DELIBERATE FORCE, BOSNIA WAR, 1992 1995 THE RISE OF TALIBAN 1996 2001 OPERATION IRAQIFREEDOM, IRAQ INVASION, 2003, BIRTH OFISI WITHDRAWAL OF U.S. MILITARY FORCES FROM IRAQ 2007- 2011 WITHDRAWAL OF U.S. MILITARY FORCES FROM IRAQ DECEMBER 2007- DECEMBER 2011 SYRIAN CIVIL WAR, 2011 PRESENT, RISE OF ISIS PRESENT SCENARIO (ISIS IS RECEIVING STRONG FIGHT) AMERICAN AIR STRIKES
2. 2. COLD WAR 1947 - 1991 COLD WAR WAS A STATE OF POLITICAL AND MILITARY TENSION AFTER WORLD WAR LL BETWEEN POWERS IN THE WESTERN BLOC (NATO) AND POWERS IN THE EASTERN BLOC (WARSAW PACT). THE COLD WAR ENDED WITH THE FORMAL DISSOLUTION OF USSR IN DECEMBER 1991. THE UNITED STATES REMAINED AS THE ONLY SUPERPOWER. THE COLD WAR REQUIRED PROXY WAR TO BE FOUGHT IN WHICH BOTH THE PARTIES CHOSE AND SUPPORTED THEIR ALLIES FOR THEIR OWN INTEREST. THE US SUPPORTED MUJAJIDEENS WHEN AND WHERE REQUIRED.
3. 3. OPERATION CYCLONE, AFGHANISTAN, 1979 1989 THROUGH OPERATION CYCLONE THE CIA FUNNELED MILLIONS OF DOLLARS TO AFGHAN MUJAHIDEEN VIA ISI OF PAKISTAN TO FIGHT SOVIET OCCUPATION FAVOURING THE AFGHAN MARXIST REGIME IN AFGHANISTAN ARAB MUJAHIDEEN ALSO JOINED THE JIHAD AGAINST THE AFGHAN MARXIST REGIME, FACILITATED BY INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS, ESPECIALLY MAKTAB AL KHIDMAT FOUNDED BY OSAMA BIN LADEN THE ASSETS COLLECTED AND NETWORKS CREATED AS A RESULT WERE TO BE USED MAKTAB AL KHIDMAT TO FUND AND RUN A GLOBAL JIHAD.
4. 4. BIRTH OF AL QAEDA, PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN 1988 TOWARD THE END OF THE SOVIET MILITARY MISSION IN AFGHANISTAN, SOME MUJAHIDEEN WANTED TO EXPAND THEIR OPERATIONS TO INCLUDE ISLAMIST STRUGGLES IN OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD, SUCH AS ISRAEL AND KASHMIR. A NUMBER OF OVERLAPPING AND INTERRELATED ORGANIZATIONS WERE FORMED, TO FURTHER THOSE ASPIRATIONS. ONE OF THESE WAS AL QAEDA FORMED IN PESHAWAR PAKISTAN, 1988
5. 5. OPERATION DELIBERATE FORCE, BOSNIA WAR, 1992 1995 BOSNIAN WAR WAS A TERRITORIAL CONFLICT BETWEEN SERBIAN FORCE ON ONE SIDE AND BOSNIAK AND CROAT FORCES ON THE OTHER SIDE. FOREIGN MUJAHIDEEN ARRIVED IN BOSNIA TO HELP BOSNIAKS WHILE NATO INTERVENED IN 1995 IT HAS BEEN SAID THAT THERE WAS US-AL QAEDA ALLIANCE IN THE BOSNIAN WAR. BOSNIAN WAR WAS AMONG THE FIRST STEPS OF AL QAEDA TOWARDS GLOBAL JIHAD.
6. 6. THE RISE OF TALIBAN 1996 2001 BIN LADEN AND AL QAEDA BASED THEMSELVES IN AFGHANISTAN AFTER TALIBAN WHICH CONSTIUTED THE ORPHANS OF THE WAR AND OTHER MUJAHIDEENS FORMED A GOVERNMENT IN AFGHANISTAN THOUGH IT WAS ONLY CONSIDERED LEGITIMATE BY PAKISTAN, SAUDI ARABIA AND UAE.
7. 7. OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM, 2001 OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM WAS AN INTERVENTION BY NATO FOLLOWING 9 11 ATTACKS, ITS AIMS WERE TO DISMANTLE AL QAEDA AND DENYING IT A SAFE BASE IN AFGHANISTAN BY REMOVING TALIBAN FROM POWER. THE US AND ITS ALLIES DROVE TALIBAN FROM POWER. MOST OF THE AL QAEDA AND TALIBAN ESCAPED INTO PAKISTAN AND REMOTE MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS.
8. 8. OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM-IRAQ INVASION, 2003. BIRTH OF ISI WITH THE INVASION OF IRAQ, THE JORDANIAN SALAFI JIHADIST ABU MUSAB AL ZARQAWI AND HIS MILITANT GROUP JAMAAT AL TAWHID WAL JIHAD CARRIED OUT ATTACK AGAINST THE COALITION FORCES. IN OCTOBER 2004 IT PLEDGED ALLEGIANCE TO BIN LADENS AL QAEDA WHICH CAME TO BE KNOWN AS AL QAEDA IN IRAQ (AQI) ON 7 JUNE, AL-ZARQAWI WAS KILLED IN A US AIRSTRIKE AND WAS SUCCEEDED AS LEADER OF THE GROUP BY THE EGYPTIAN MILITANT ABU AYYUB AL MASRI ON 13 OCTOBER 2006, THE MUJAHIDEEN SHURA COUNCIL DECLARED THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ISLAMIC STATE OF IRAQ (ISI), COMPRISING IRAQ'S SIX MOSTLY SUNNI ARAB GOVERNORATES, WITH ABU OMAR AL-BAGHDADI BEING ANNOUNCED AS ITS EMIR, AL-MASRI WAS GIVEN THE TITLE OF MINISTER OF WAR
9. 9. THE DECLINE OF ISI- LOSING FOOTHOLD IN IRAQ IN A MAJOR BLOW TO AQI, MANY FORMER SUNNI MILITANTS WHO HAD PREVIOUSLY FOUGHT ALONGSIDE THE GROUP STARTED TO WORK WITH THE US ARMED FORCES. AL-QAEDA SEEMED TO HAVE LOST ITS FOOTHOLD IN IRAQ. US AND IRAQI OFFENSIVESMANAGED TO DRIVE OUT THE AQI-ALIGNED INSURGENTS FROM THEIR FORMER SAFE HAVENS, SUCH AS THE DIYALA AND AL ANBAR GOVERNORATES AND THE EMBATTLED CAPITAL OF BAGHDAD, TO THE AREA OF THE NORTHERN CITY OF MOSUL ON 18 APRIL 2010, THE ISI'S TWO TOP LEADERS, ABU AYYUB AL-MASRI AND ABU OMAR AL-BAGHDADI, WERE KILLED IN A JOINT US-IRAQI RAID NEAR TIKRIT 16 MAY 2010, ABU BAKR AL-BAGHDADI WAS APPOINTED THE NEW LEADER OF THE ISLAMIC STATE OF IRAQ
10. 10. WITHDRAWAL OF U.S. MILITARY FORCES FROM IRAQ DECEMBER 2007- DECEMBER 2011 IN JULY 2012, AL-BAGHDADI ANNOUNCED THAT THE GROUP WAS RETURNING TO THE FORMER STRONGHOLDS FROM WHICH US TROOPS AND THEIR SUNNI ALLIES HAD DRIVEN THEM PRIOR TO THE WITHDRAWAL OF US TROOPS. THE BREAKING THE WALLS CAMPAIGN CULMINATED IN JULY 2013, WITH THE ISI CARRYING OUT SIMULTANEOUS RAIDS ON TAJI AND ABU GHRAIB PRISON, FREEING MORE THAN 500 PRISONERS, MANY OF THEM VETERANS OF THE IRAQI INSURGENCY
11. 11. SYRIAN CIVIL WAR, 2011 PRESENT. RISE OF ISIS IN MARCH 2011, PROTESTS BEGAN IN SYRIA AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT OF BASHAR AL-ASSAD IN AUGUST 2011, ABU BAKR AL-BAGHDADI BEGAN SENDING SYRIAN AND IRAQI ISI MEMBERS EXPERIENCED IN GUERILLA WARFARE ACROSS THE BORDER INTO SYRIA IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH AN ORGANIZATION INSIDE THE COUNTRY. AL-NUSRA FRONT WAS THUS FORMED LED BY A SYRIAN KNOWN AS ABU MUHAMMAD AL JAWLANI AL-NUSRA FRONT LATER MERGED WITH ISIL. ON 11 OCTOBER 2014, ISIL DISPATCHED 10,000 MILITANTS FROM SYRIA AND MOSUL TO CAPTURE THE IRAQI CAPITAL CITY OF BAGHDAD AT THE END OF OCTOBER 2014, 800 RADICAL MILITANTS IN CONTROL OF THE LIBYAN CITY OF DERNA PLEDGED THEIR ALLEGIANCE TO ABU BAKR AL-BAGHDADI, THUS MAKING DERNA THE FIRST CITY OUTSIDE SYRIA AND IRAQ TO BE A PART OF THE SO-CALLED "ISLAMIC STATE CALIPHATE
12. 12. ISIL GOALS FOUNDATION OF AN ISLAMIC STATE OR CALIPHATE LED BY A GROUP OF RELIGIOUS AUTHORITIES UNDER A SUPREME LEADER- CALIPH- WHO IS BELIEVED TO BE THE SUCCESSOR OF MUHAMMAD. LEADERSHIP LEADER- ABU BAKR AL BAGHDADI DEPUTY LEADERS- ABU MUSLIM AL TURKMANI (KIA) FOR IRAQ AND ABU ALI AL ANBARI GOVERNANCE DESPITE BEING AS BRUTAL AS BEFORE, ISIL HAS BECOME "WELL ENTRENCHED" AMONG THE POPULATION. IT HAS REPLACED CORRUPT GOVERNANCE WITH FUNCTIONING LOCALLY CONTROLLED AUTHORITIES, SERVICES HAVE BEEN RESTORED WITH ADEQUATE SUPPLIES OF WATER AND OIL. FURTHER SOLIDIFYING ISIL RULE IS THE CONTROL OF WHEAT PRODUCTION, WHICH IS ROUGHLY 40% OF IRAQ'S PRODUCTION. ISIL HAS MAINTAINED FOOD PRODUCTION, CRUCIAL TO GOVERNANCE AND POPULAR SUPPORT.
13. 13. ISIL THE FLAG ISIL'S PHILOSOPHY IS WELL REPRESENTED BY THE SYMBOLISM IN THE BLACK STANDARD VARIANT OF THE LEGENDARY BATTLE FLAG OF MUHAMMAD THAT IT HAS ADOPTED. THE FLAG SHOWS THE SEAL OF THE MUHAMMAD WITHIN A WHITE CIRCLE, WITH THE PHRASE ABOVE IT, "THERE IS NO GOD BUT ALLAH".
14. 14. PRESENT SCENARIO (ISIS IS RECEIVING STRONG FIGHT) SEPTEMBER (SIEGE OF KOBANI) ISIS HAS BEEN TRYING TO TAKE KOBANI A TOWN BORDERING TURKEY BUT KURDISH FIGHTERS, WITH HEAVY AMERICAN SUPPORT, HAVE PUSHED ISIS BACK. THE KURDISH RESISTANCE HAS SHATTERED THE PERCEPTION OF ISIS INVINCIBILITY - A CRUCIAL ELEMENT OF ITS RECRUITING PITCH. OCTOBER (BABIL, ANBAR) ISIS SUFFERED A DEFEAT IN AN EVEN MORE CRUCIAL AREA. IRAQI GOVERNMENT FORCES TOOK JURF AL- SAKHAR, A TOWN (IN THE AREA LABELED NORTHERN BABIL IN THE BELOW MAP) WHICH IS AN ISIS STRONGHOLD. THIS WAS A REAL DEFEAT. NOVEMBER (BATTLE OF RAMADI) IRAQI FORCES BACKED BY ALLIED TRIBAL FIGHTERS HAVE CONTINUED TO ADVANCE AGAINST ISIS POSITIONS IN THE RESTIVE ANBAR PROVINCE. GOVERNMENT FORCES ARE ADVANCING AGAINST ISIS POSITIONS ACROSS ANBAR, INCLUDING PROVINCIAL CAPITAL RAMADI. IRAQI PRIME MINISTER HAIDER AL-ABADI HAD ALSO PLEDGED TO SEND MORE TROOPS TO THE PROVINCIAL CAPITAL TO ENSURE THAT IT REMAINS OUTSIDE OF ISIS HANDS.
15. 15. AMERICAN AIR STRIKES AMERICAN AIR STRIKES ARE NOT GOING TO DEFEAT ISIS, BUT THEY HAVE SERIOUSLY LIMITED THE GROUP'S ABILITY TO CONDUCT OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS. "AIRPOWER HAS MADE IT DIFFICULT FOR ISIS TO CONCENTRATE ITS FORCES IN LARGE NUMBERS," "IT HAS MADE IT MORE DANGEROUS TO REPOSITION ITS EQUIPMENT AND FORCES, SLOWING DOWN ITS REACTION TIMES AND COMPLICATING ITS COMMAND AND CONTROL. AS A RESULT, ISIS IS A FAR MORE DISPERSED FORCE THAN IT WAS IN JUNE."
16. 16. THANK YOU AVISHEK DUTTA CHOUDHURY, COMPLETED 13TH JANUARY, 2015. MATERIALS SOURCE: HTTP://WWW.VOX.COM/2014/10/28/7079695/ISIS-IRAQ-SYRIA-DEFEAT, HTTP://WWW.GLOBALRESEARCH.CA/THE-US-AL-QAEDA-ALLIANCE-BOSNIA-KOSOVO-AND-NOW-LIBYA-WASHINGTON- S-ON-GOING-COLLUSION-WITH-TERRORISTS/25829 , HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/ISLAMIC_STATE_OF_IRAQ_AND_THE_LEVANT, HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/AL-QAEDA, HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/WAR_IN_AFGHANISTAN_(2001%E2%80%93PRESENT). MUSIC: CHRISTIAN BACZYK RUN OR DIE (MP3.PM)