The Roman WorldThe Roman World

Chapter 7 section 1Chapter 7 section 1

The Land and GeographyThe Land and Geography The geography if Italy had a great deal to do with The geography if Italy had a great deal to do with

the rise of Roman powerthe rise of Roman power Italy is shaped like a boot stretching out into the Italy is shaped like a boot stretching out into the

Mediterranean with mountains in the NorthMediterranean with mountains in the North {Italy is protected {Italy is protected to the north by the Alps cutting to the north by the Alps cutting

it off from the rest of Europe}it off from the rest of Europe} There are pathways for people to move through There are pathways for people to move through

the Alps creating avenues to get in and out of Italy the Alps creating avenues to get in and out of Italy To the East is the Adriatic sea the Mediterranean is To the East is the Adriatic sea the Mediterranean is

to the West and Southto the West and South

Not all the geography worked to Rome's Not all the geography worked to Rome's advantage when dealing with outside invasionadvantage when dealing with outside invasion

The Mountain passes to the North were small to The Mountain passes to the North were small to get an effective army through but it was doneget an effective army through but it was done

It is a Peninsula which meant the only other way It is a Peninsula which meant the only other way to invade would have been by sea and Italy had a to invade would have been by sea and Italy had a long coastlinelong coastline

The Founding of RomeThe Founding of Rome Sometime before the mid 700 BC a group called Sometime before the mid 700 BC a group called

the Latins moved into the west-central Italy the Latins moved into the west-central Italy In the late 600’s they came under the rule of a In the late 600’s they came under the rule of a

Etruscan KingEtruscan King Under the Etruscans Rome grew into a large Under the Etruscans Rome grew into a large

prosperous city prosperous city The city dwellers made jewlrey, clothing, metal The city dwellers made jewlrey, clothing, metal

work, and potterywork, and pottery They also knew how to drain marshes, pave roads, They also knew how to drain marshes, pave roads,

and construct sewersand construct sewers In time the Etruscans blended with the Roman In time the Etruscans blended with the Roman

populationpopulation

Greek InfluenceGreek Influence Some Greeks also settled in the ancient citySome Greeks also settled in the ancient city Greek colonies in southern Italy became Greek Greek colonies in southern Italy became Greek

city-states which became quarrelsome with those city-states which became quarrelsome with those of Greeceof Greece

The Greek culture of these colonies influenced the The Greek culture of these colonies influenced the Roman cultureRoman culture

Many Roman Gods mirrored Greek godsMany Roman Gods mirrored Greek gods Jupiter had many of the same traits as ZeusJupiter had many of the same traits as Zeus Many Roman myths were similar to Greek mythsMany Roman myths were similar to Greek myths Rome was located at a crossroads for trade which Rome was located at a crossroads for trade which

is why it flourishedis why it flourished

Jupiter Jupiter aka aka ZeusZeus

Rome's locationRome's location

Rome was built on seven hills along the Tiber Rome was built on seven hills along the Tiber river, 15 miles from the coastriver, 15 miles from the coast

This location protected the city from invasion by This location protected the city from invasion by seasea

Rome’s location gave it economic advantages as Rome’s location gave it economic advantages as wellwell

The city was located at a shallow part of the Tiber The city was located at a shallow part of the Tiber which made it the easiest place to crosswhich made it the easiest place to cross

This made Rome the center of trade routs for Italy This made Rome the center of trade routs for Italy bringing traders through the citybringing traders through the city

The Early Roman RepublicThe Early Roman Republic When a group of wealthy land owners overthrew a When a group of wealthy land owners overthrew a

Etruscan king they vowed to never rule by Etruscan king they vowed to never rule by monarchymonarchy

They established a Republic in which voters They established a Republic in which voters elected officials to run the stateelected officials to run the state

Only adult male citizens could vote and take part in Only adult male citizens could vote and take part in the governmentthe government

There were three important groups of citizens who There were three important groups of citizens who helped govern the Republic: The Senate, helped govern the Republic: The Senate, Magistrates, and Popular assembly Magistrates, and Popular assembly

{The Senate {The Senate who controlled the public funds and controlled the public funds and decided foreign policydecided foreign policy} were the most powerful of } were the most powerful of the three governing bodiesthe three governing bodies

Rome’s SenateRome’s Senate

ContinuedContinued They also sometimes acted as a courtThey also sometimes acted as a court In times of emergency the could have a citizen act In times of emergency the could have a citizen act

as as dictatordictator (absolute ruler) for up to six months (absolute ruler) for up to six months During that time he had complete control over the During that time he had complete control over the

army and courtsarmy and courts MagistratesMagistrates who made up the second group of who made up the second group of

Roman leaders were elected officialsRoman leaders were elected officials This group consisted of consuls, praetors, and This group consisted of consuls, praetors, and

censorscensors {Consuls{Consuls or chief executives had veto power in or chief executives had veto power in

senate}senate} Veto means “I forbid”Veto means “I forbid”

MagistratesMagistrates

The Division of power was an example of The Division of power was an example of checks checks and balancesand balances

Checks and balances prevents any one power of Checks and balances prevents any one power of government from becoming too powerfulgovernment from becoming too powerful

This is where the U.S. got its form of governmentThis is where the U.S. got its form of government In times of war In times of war praetorspraetors were elected to help the were elected to help the

consulsconsuls They commanded armies They commanded armies In times of peace they oversaw the Roman legal In times of peace they oversaw the Roman legal

systemsystem Censors appointed candidates to the senate and Censors appointed candidates to the senate and

oversaw the moral conduct of citizensoversaw the moral conduct of citizens

AssembliesAssemblies Assemblies also existed in the Roman RepublicAssemblies also existed in the Roman Republic Citizens in these assemblies voted on laws and Citizens in these assemblies voted on laws and

elected officialselected officials Some assemblies voted to make war or peace Some assemblies voted to make war or peace

while others served as courtswhile others served as courts They elected 10 officials called tribunes who had They elected 10 officials called tribunes who had

power over actions of the senate and other public power over actions of the senate and other public officialsofficials

If they thought an action was not in the interest of If they thought an action was not in the interest of the public they would not approve them the public they would not approve them

Conflict of the OrderConflict of the Order Changes in the Senate stemmed from the attempts Changes in the Senate stemmed from the attempts

of the common people to win more rights of the common people to win more rights Romans were divided into two classes Patricians Romans were divided into two classes Patricians

and Plebeians and Plebeians PatriciansPatricians were the wealthy land owners who were the wealthy land owners who

controlled governmentcontrolled government {Plebeians{Plebeians who made up most of the population in who made up most of the population in

Rome} Rome} were mainly farmers and workers and had were mainly farmers and workers and had few rightsfew rights

Over time they increased their power through Over time they increased their power through demands and strikesdemands and strikes

From the HBO series RomeFrom the HBO series Rome

PlebeiansPlebeians

{They Prompted the engraving of the Roman laws {They Prompted the engraving of the Roman laws on the Twelve Tables} on the Twelve Tables}

These were placed in the public square for all to These were placed in the public square for all to viewview

The first Plebeians were appointed to govt. in the The first Plebeians were appointed to govt. in the late 400’s BClate 400’s BC

Some eventually became powerful and wealthy Some eventually became powerful and wealthy themselvesthemselves

Those joined the Patricians to form the Roman Those joined the Patricians to form the Roman nobilitynobility

The Role of the ArmyThe Role of the Army Every adult male citizen who owned land was Every adult male citizen who owned land was

required to serve in the Roman armyrequired to serve in the Roman army The soldiers enforced the army discipline The soldiers enforced the army discipline

themselves, which was very strictthemselves, which was very strict The major unit of the army was the legion, The major unit of the army was the legion,

consisted of 4 to 6 thousand citizens called consisted of 4 to 6 thousand citizens called legionnaireslegionnaires

Later Romans made the auxilia which were units Later Romans made the auxilia which were units made up of noncitizensmade up of noncitizens

Morale amongst the troops was usually highMorale amongst the troops was usually high

Roman LegionariesRoman Legionaries

The Role of Wise PoliciesThe Role of Wise Policies {{The Romans granted the citizens of nearby cities The Romans granted the citizens of nearby cities

they had conqueredthey had conquered full citizenship full citizenship in order to gain in order to gain loyaltyloyalty

They granted partial citizenship They granted partial citizenship to those cities to those cities that were more distant} that were more distant} including those Greek city-including those Greek city-states in Italystates in Italy

Partial citizens could own land and marry but could Partial citizens could own land and marry but could not votenot vote

They expected conquered people to provide land They expected conquered people to provide land for Roman farmers for Roman farmers

This allowed the spread of the Latin language and This allowed the spread of the Latin language and Roman lawRoman law

ReviewReview What natural barrier protects Italy in the North?What natural barrier protects Italy in the North? who controlled the public funds and decided controlled the public funds and decided

foreign policy?foreign policy? Who are the chief executives had veto power Who are the chief executives had veto power

in senate?in senate? who made up most of the population in Rome?who made up most of the population in Rome? How did the Romans gain loyalty of citizens of How did the Romans gain loyalty of citizens of

nearby cities?nearby cities? Who prompted theWho prompted the engraving of the Roman engraving of the Roman

laws on the Twelve Tables?laws on the Twelve Tables?

The End?The End?