the role of science and technology for rwanda’s economic growth prof. romain murenzi minister in...
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The Role of Science and Technology The Role of Science and Technology for Rwanda’s Economic Growthfor Rwanda’s Economic Growth
Prof. Romain MURENZIProf. Romain MURENZIMinister in President’s Office in Charge ofMinister in President’s Office in Charge ofScience, Technology and Scientific ResearchScience, Technology and Scientific ResearchKigali, RWANDAKigali, RWANDANovember, 2006November, 2006
SIXTH ANNUAL GOVERNMENT OF RWANDA AND SIXTH ANNUAL GOVERNMENT OF RWANDA AND DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS MEETING (DPM)DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS MEETING (DPM)
Kigali, November 22Kigali, November 22ndnd – 23 – 23rdrd 2006 2006
Role of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic GrowthRole of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic Growth
The Role of Science and Technology for Rwanda’s The Role of Science and Technology for Rwanda’s Economic GrowthEconomic Growth
1.1. Introduction and Commitment of LeadershipIntroduction and Commitment of Leadership
2.2. National Science, Technology and Innovation Policy National Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Objectives and Policy AreasObjectives and Policy Areas
• STI for Poverty Reduction and Meeting MDGsSTI for Poverty Reduction and Meeting MDGs• STI for Economic Diversification and Income STI for Economic Diversification and Income
GenerationGeneration
3.3. Partnerships in Building STI CapacityPartnerships in Building STI Capacity• MultilateralMultilateral• BilateralBilateral• CorporateCorporate• Example of ICT in ActionExample of ICT in Action
4.4. ConclusionConclusion
OverviewOverview
Role of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic GrowthRole of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic Growth
Rwanda’s path to developing science, technology, Rwanda’s path to developing science, technology, research, and innovation for her development.research, and innovation for her development.
Clear commitment of the leadership,Clear commitment of the leadership, Policy of science and technology and a strategic plan Policy of science and technology and a strategic plan
indicating national resources and support from indicating national resources and support from partnerships, partnerships,
Collaboration with Development PartnersCollaboration with Development Partners Establishment of law on science and technology, Establishment of law on science and technology, Establishment of funding mechanism for STR,Establishment of funding mechanism for STR, Promote R&D in private sector through tax incentives, Promote R&D in private sector through tax incentives, Promote partnership between Academia-Industry-Promote partnership between Academia-Industry-
Government, Government, International co-operation in technology transfer.International co-operation in technology transfer.
11 IntroductionIntroduction
•Robert Solow, 1957:–Economic Growth USA 1909 – 1949: 87.5% of output attributed to the applications of science and technology, while capital alone without technology attributes a mere 12.5%.
•Mariko: –“Compounded over generations, a 1 or 2 percent reduction in the overall [economic] growth rate could be the difference between the standard of living merely doubling or surging five-fold over a hundred-year period.”
•Sunil Mani:–“Technology is central to many of the changes now taking place in the manufacturing and service sectors of countries across the world.”
Financing STI for Economic Growth
Role of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic GrowthRole of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic Growth
His Excellency Paul KagameHis Excellency Paul KagameSeptember 18 2006 to the UK Royal Society, September 18 2006 to the UK Royal Society, Science AcademyScience Academy
““We in Africa must either begin to build We in Africa must either begin to build up our scientific and technological up our scientific and technological training capabilities or remain an training capabilities or remain an impoverished appendage to the global impoverished appendage to the global economy”economy”
January 30 2004 to Diplomatic CorpsJanuary 30 2004 to Diplomatic Corps ““We will continue to invest in our people We will continue to invest in our people
and we will strive to open up the and we will strive to open up the frontiers of science, technology and frontiers of science, technology and research as we broaden our trade links research as we broaden our trade links with our neighbouring countries and with our neighbouring countries and beyond”beyond”
Development in Science and Development in Science and TechnologyTechnology
Role of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic GrowthRole of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic Growth
22 National Science, Technology National Science, Technology and Innovation Policy – July 2005and Innovation Policy – July 2005
Knowledge Acquisition – Knowledge Acquisition – to reinforce Science and to reinforce Science and Technology teaching and resources at all levels of Technology teaching and resources at all levels of educationeducation
Knowledge CreationKnowledge Creation – Develop Research – Develop Research Capability in all priority sectors of the economyCapability in all priority sectors of the economy
Knowledge TransferKnowledge Transfer – To reinforce Science and – To reinforce Science and Technology Capability in all priority sectors of the Technology Capability in all priority sectors of the economyeconomy
Innovation CultureInnovation Culture – To encourage Innovation at – To encourage Innovation at all levels to help stimulate economic growthall levels to help stimulate economic growth
Specific Policy Objectives
Role of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic GrowthRole of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic Growth
Sector Science and Technology Policy AreasSector Science and Technology Policy Areas
Science & Technology Policy in: Education Agriculture & Animal Husbandry, Biotechnology, Health, Environment, Water and Sanitation, Transport, Energy, ICT, Geo-Information, Tourism, Industry, the Private Sector.
Role of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic GrowthRole of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic Growth
STI Capacity for Poverty Reduction and STI Capacity for Poverty Reduction and Meeting MDGsMeeting MDGs
Agriculture Productivity through Research and Agriculture Productivity through Research and
ExtensionExtension Using new (to Rwanda) cultivation methods and input Using new (to Rwanda) cultivation methods and input
packages to boost agricultural productivity of packages to boost agricultural productivity of subsistence farmers. subsistence farmers.
Alternative Energy / Electricity Generation Alternative Energy / Electricity Generation Most Rwandans live in villages that are not connected Most Rwandans live in villages that are not connected
to the power grid. Building central generating plants to the power grid. Building central generating plants and connecting remote villages to the central grid is and connecting remote villages to the central grid is neither feasible nor affordable. Therefore, Rwanda will neither feasible nor affordable. Therefore, Rwanda will need to develop alternative, decentralized energy need to develop alternative, decentralized energy sources including wind, solar, thermal, small scale sources including wind, solar, thermal, small scale hydro and biofuel etc. to provide energy to rural hydro and biofuel etc. to provide energy to rural communities.communities.
Food Processing and Food Technology Food Processing and Food Technology Increasing agricultural yields will not improve food Increasing agricultural yields will not improve food
security if food cannot be safely processed and stored.security if food cannot be safely processed and stored.
Role of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic GrowthRole of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic Growth
STI Capacity for Poverty Reduction and STI Capacity for Poverty Reduction and Meeting MDGs (contd)Meeting MDGs (contd)
Appropriate Technology for Poverty Reduction Appropriate Technology for Poverty Reduction Water conservation and rain water harvestingWater conservation and rain water harvesting..
Water borne diseases, caused by a shortage of Water borne diseases, caused by a shortage of potable water, are a major source of illness in potable water, are a major source of illness in Rwanda, hence the need to introduce simple rain Rwanda, hence the need to introduce simple rain water harvesting / conservation techniques and water harvesting / conservation techniques and schemes in villages, coupled with water purification schemes in villages, coupled with water purification systems.systems.
hand-crank pumps, solar cookers, fuel efficient stoves, hand-crank pumps, solar cookers, fuel efficient stoves, etc. including innovation and technology transferetc. including innovation and technology transfer
Vocational and Technical Education and Vocational and Technical Education and TrainingTraining Rwanda suffers from a major shortage of skilled Rwanda suffers from a major shortage of skilled
technicians needed to perform tasks such as repair technicians needed to perform tasks such as repair automobiles, maintain electrical appliances & automobiles, maintain electrical appliances & electronic equip. as printers and copiers, and electronic equip. as printers and copiers, and craftsmen who can design and construct needed craftsmen who can design and construct needed facilities like rainwater harvesting systems.facilities like rainwater harvesting systems.
Role of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic GrowthRole of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic Growth
STI Capacity for Economic Diversification and STI Capacity for Economic Diversification and Income GenerationIncome Generation
they have carved out a niche at the high or premium they have carved out a niche at the high or premium end of the marketend of the market
the entrepreneurs who developed these businesses the entrepreneurs who developed these businesses all work (or plan to work) in partnership with all work (or plan to work) in partnership with subsistence farmerssubsistence farmers
Crops / commodities developed or under Crops / commodities developed or under development include:development include: CoffeeCoffee SilkSilk Horticulture (flowers, vegetables, fruits)Horticulture (flowers, vegetables, fruits) AquacultureAquaculture Herbs and EssentialHerbs and Essential
Rwanda has developed high value-added export industries Rwanda has developed high value-added export industries in such diverse fields as coffee, roses, and pyrethrum.in such diverse fields as coffee, roses, and pyrethrum. All All of these industries share several features in common, of these industries share several features in common, including:including:
Role of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic GrowthRole of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic Growth
Examples of Impact of InterventionsExamples of Impact of Interventions
Reinforce the capacity of Industries to conduct their own research.Reinforce the capacity of Industries to conduct their own research. BRALIRWA sole producer of beer in Rwanda. Scientific education & BRALIRWA sole producer of beer in Rwanda. Scientific education &
research to develop quality and range of productsresearch to develop quality and range of products
““Beer is chemistry”Beer is chemistry”
““A cow is a teacher and an agent of technology A cow is a teacher and an agent of technology transfer/diffusion”transfer/diffusion” Cow per household programme, government target - 600,000 cows in Cow per household programme, government target - 600,000 cows in
families in the next ten years.families in the next ten years. Training on products & by-products including: milk and milk processing, Training on products & by-products including: milk and milk processing,
meat, manure from the cow dung, energy produced from the cow dung, meat, manure from the cow dung, energy produced from the cow dung, etc etc
““Bringing cell phones to rural villages is like Bringing cell phones to rural villages is like introducing a positive charge into a quantum vacuum.”introducing a positive charge into a quantum vacuum.”
NICI Plan target to exponentially increase mobile phones in villagesNICI Plan target to exponentially increase mobile phones in villages The use of mobile phones will support literacy through the use of The use of mobile phones will support literacy through the use of
SMS, empowerment of the people through communication, and SMS, empowerment of the people through communication, and enhanced services such as mobile banking, enhanced services such as mobile banking,
Role of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic GrowthRole of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic Growth
33 Partnership Between GoR and Partnership Between GoR and World BankWorld Bank
Using STI Capacity Building in Rwanda as a Using STI Capacity Building in Rwanda as a Tool for Improving the Lives of the Rural Poor, Tool for Improving the Lives of the Rural Poor, Reducing Poverty, and Achieving the MDGsReducing Poverty, and Achieving the MDGs
Using STI Capacity Building in Rwanda as a Using STI Capacity Building in Rwanda as a Tool for Generating Wealth and Diversifying the Tool for Generating Wealth and Diversifying the EconomyEconomy
World Bank supporting the GoR in Science, Technology and Research Interventions across all Sectors as detailed previously with the aim of:
Visit of World Bank President Paul Wolfowitz to KISTVisit of World Bank President Paul Wolfowitz to KIST
Role of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic GrowthRole of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic Growth
Infrastructure and Human Infrastructure and Human Capacity Building in ResearchCapacity Building in Research
World Bank Support with:World Bank Support with: Baseline studies (Technical and Vocational Baseline studies (Technical and Vocational
Education, Agricultural Productivity and Education, Agricultural Productivity and Extension, Industry Capabilities, Research Extension, Industry Capabilities, Research Institutions etc.)Institutions etc.)
Includes Programme Design, Needs Includes Programme Design, Needs Assessment and Action PlanAssessment and Action Plan
Role of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic GrowthRole of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic Growth
Research FellowshipsResearch Fellowships
Sending Students abroadSending Students abroad
Industrial AttachmentsIndustrial Attachments
Reinforcement of Research Facilities Reinforcement of Research Facilities in Industriesin Industries
Centres of ExcellenceCentres of Excellence
Science and Technology ConferencesScience and Technology Conferences
Programme Items Include:Programme Items Include:
Role of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic GrowthRole of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic Growth
Laws Governing Science, Technology Laws Governing Science, Technology and Researchand Research
• Organic Law Science, Technology and Organic Law Science, Technology and ResearchResearch
• Laws governing Organisation and Functioning Laws governing Organisation and Functioning of National Commission for STI & Research of National Commission for STI & Research InstitutionsInstitutions
Establishment of National Commission for STIEstablishment of National Commission for STI
• Development, promotion and coordination of Development, promotion and coordination of Rwanda’s Science, Technology and Innovation Rwanda’s Science, Technology and Innovation Policy.Policy.
Partnership Between GoR and DfIDPartnership Between GoR and DfID
Kigali Institute of Science and Technology
Visit of Sir David King, UK Chief Scientific Advisor to KIST
Role of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic GrowthRole of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic Growth
ElectricityElectricity
The learning of power generation & distribution from source to end-user
ElectronicsElectronics
The study of television, telephone & radio
Partnership Between GoR and African Partnership Between GoR and African Development Bank Development Bank
ETO Gitarama Technical OptionsETO Gitarama Technical Options
Students in Library
Micro Biology Laboratory
Animal Health
Partnership Between GoR and African Development Partnership Between GoR and African Development BankBank ISAE BUSOGO CAMPUSISAE BUSOGO CAMPUS
Agroforestry Practices in Radical Terracing Run-off Plots for measuring Soil Loss
Farmlands Degradation due to Erosion
Partnership Between GoR and NETHERLAND NUFFICNETHERLAND NUFFIC
Masters course in Agro-Forestry and Soil ScienceMasters course in Agro-Forestry and Soil Science
Contour Cultivation for erosion control
Partnership Between GoR and Sweden SIDA SAREC: Masters course in Information and SIDA SAREC: Masters course in Information and
Communications TechnologyCommunications Technology
ICT Masters students in the ICT Lab at the National University of Rwanda
Corporate Partnerships in Building Science and Technology CapabilityJack Dangermond, Founder and President of Environmental Systems Research
Institute (ESRI) being received by President Paul Kagame
Inside Shopping Mall
Bar Code Reader Check out Technology
Inventory Management
Science and Technology in Action at New City Market
Surveillance System at New City Market
Role of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic GrowthRole of Science & Technology for Rwanda's Economic Growth
44 CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONThe importance of technological and scientific capacity for long The importance of technological and scientific capacity for long term sustained economic growth is already an accepted fact. term sustained economic growth is already an accepted fact.
Professor Abdus Salam: Professor Abdus Salam: Scientific and Technological knowledge Scientific and Technological knowledge is a “Human Kind Heritage.”is a “Human Kind Heritage.”
We request our development partners to continue to support the We request our development partners to continue to support the establishment of partnerships in technological transfer. These establishment of partnerships in technological transfer. These include: Japan, China, India, United States, UK, Ireland, Norway, include: Japan, China, India, United States, UK, Ireland, Norway, Finland, Sweden. Areas such as:Finland, Sweden. Areas such as:
Post doctoral training for our PHD holder lecturers in Post doctoral training for our PHD holder lecturers in universities,universities,
The establishment of a. S&T trust fund,The establishment of a. S&T trust fund, The establishment of research fellowships, The establishment of research fellowships, Industrial Attachments in all major projects,Industrial Attachments in all major projects, Specific Research in Commodities with potential for Specific Research in Commodities with potential for
Economic Growth,Economic Growth, The establishment and reinforcement of high quality The establishment and reinforcement of high quality
laboratories, including all health districts and a state laboratories, including all health districts and a state of the art reference laboratory,of the art reference laboratory,
To establish S&T Centres of Excellence in HLIs,To establish S&T Centres of Excellence in HLIs, Reinforce the capacity of Industries to conduct Reinforce the capacity of Industries to conduct
research by establishing R&D Units.research by establishing R&D Units.