The Role of Lubricants in Fuel Efficient Equipment Design

Christoph Wincierz

Date | Title of Presentation Page | 2

CO2 statements

Lord John Browne, BP chief executive (2002)

„We believe that if every car driver in Europe used the best lubricant we have available today, CO2 emissions would fall by 30 million tonnes a year."

Western European OEM (2007)

„The cost of reducing 1 g CO2 per km

is between 30 and 120 €.“

Source: BMW

Date | Title of Presentation Page | 3

How do lubricants reduce fuel consumption?

1. Mechanical Efficiency

Viscous drag

→ Reduce viscosity

Friction in contacts

→ Optimize surface layer

2. Volumetric Efficiency

→ Increase viscosity

3. Compensate downsizing effects

Shear stability ↑

Pitting resistance↑

EP / AW performance ↑

Longevity FM ↑

Thermal-oxidative stability ↑

Operating temperature ↓

Date | Title of Presentation Page | 4

SAE J306 updated for fuel economy and shear stability

SAE Viscosity Grade

Maximum Temperature for Viscosity of 150,000 mPas, °C (Using ASTM D 2983)

Kinematic Viscosity at 100°C, cSt

(Using ASTM D 445)Minimum Maximum

70W -55 4,1 ---75W -40 4,1 ---80W -26 7,0 ---85W -12 11,0 ---80 --- 7,0 <11,0 199885 --- 11,0 <13,5 199890 --- 13,5 <18,5 2005

110 --- 18,5 <24,0 2005140 --- 24,0 <32,5 2005190 --- 32,5 <41,0 2005250 --- 41,0 ---

Stay-in-grade after shear in KRL 20 hours (CEC L-45-A-99)

Date | Title of Presentation Page | 5

Truck on Roller DynamometerManual Transmission Fluid

ZF fluid SAE 30

KV 100 / cSt 9.0 11.5

KV 30 / cSt 84 170

FIGE cyclus, fuel savings

Urban traffic: 2.6 – 3.3 %

Suburban traffic: 1,1 – 1,2 %

Motorway: 0 % (direct drive)

Total Savings 0.7 – 1 %

Source: ZF

Heavy truck field test revealed 0.5 to 5 % difference in fuel consumption between SAE 90 and SAE 75W-90 depending on topography and temperature.

Source: RohMax

Date | Title of Presentation Page | 6

Automatic Transmission Fluid Passenger Car

Source: ZF

7,5

5,5

0

2

4

6

8

KV

100

°C

in m

m²/

s

5 speedATF

6 speedATF

7,0

5,9

0

2

4

6

8

Dra

g t

orq

ue

in N

m5 speed

ATF6 speed

ATF

1 % better fuel economy

Date | Title of Presentation Page | 7

Gear Set 2 Gear Set 1 Torque Sensor

Drive Motor

Torque Adjustment Flange

Torsion Flange

Shaft 2

Shaft 1

FZG Efficiency Testaccording to VW Method PV 1456

Selection of base oil, additives, VI Improver

Date | Title of Presentation Page | 8

Avoid Pitting as a consequence of lower viscosities

OEMs specify

Bearing pitting test

FZG Pitting tests

Film thickness

Date | Title of Presentation Page | 9

Operating Temperature ARKL Test VW PV 1454

Test time in min

PAO 4

Mineral oil 4 mm²/s

Oil

Tem

pera

ture

°C

Date | Title of Presentation Page | 10

Volumetric Efficiency

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Viscosity, mm2/s

Pu

mp

Eff

icie

ncy,

%

V-20

V-104

Increased viscosity at operating temperature leads to higher pump efficiency.

Date | Title of Presentation Page | 11

CAT Hydo 10W (VI 104) vs ISO 46 (VI 200)

Throttle Fuel Consumption

ISO 46 VI 200

Productivity

Number of Work Cycles

ISO 46 VI 200

100 % - 13.8% + 5.8%

90 % - 8.6% + 24.3%

Caterpillar 318CL

Date | Title of Presentation Page | 12

Summary

OEMs view lubricants as design element for fuel economy.

Trend towards lower viscosities keeps ongoing.

Pitting is a challenge.

Efficiency increases importance in hydraulic applications.

Date | Title of Presentation Page | 13

Disclaimer

This information and all further technical advice is based on our present knowledge and experience. However, it implies no liability or other legal responsibility on our part, including with regard to existing third party intellectual property rights, especially patent rights. In particular, no warranty, whether express or implied, or guarantee of product properties in the legal sense is intended or implied. We reserve the right to make any changes according to technological progress or further developments. The customer is not released from the obligation to conduct careful inspection and testing of incoming goods. Performance of the product described herein should be verified by testing, which should be carried out only by qualified experts in the sole responsibility of a customer. Reference to trade names used by other companies is neither a recommendation, nor does it imply that similar products could not be used.

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