The role of lifelong guidanceto support LLL goals

European and International Perspectives

Workshop ‘Promoting Lifelong Learning in Turkey: Putting the LLL Strategy in Practice’Antalya / Turkey, 12-13 March 2014

Helmut Zelloth, ETFSenior Specialist in VET Policies and Systems

A quick overview …

(1) Career guidance in Turkey – Quo vadis ?(2) A new paradigm of career guidance

(3) The role of career guidance(4) The way forward in Turkey

Career Guidance in Turkey –Quo vadis ?

� Integrated or fragmented approach ?

� Guidance throughout life –

or guidance at key transition points

(throughout life)?

The Lifelong Guidance‘Road’ to Travel …

Good mix of delivery models?

(ETF 2009)

CURRICULUMMODEL

(1) Compulsory subject ‘career education’ or similar(2) Compulsory part of (an)other subject(s)(3) Compulsory curriculum principle (all or several subjects)(4) Elective subject ‘career education’ or similar(5) Part of (an)other elective subject(s)(6) Part of curricular activities (eg guidance programme)(7) Part of extra-curricular activities (eg career fairs)

CENTREMODEL

(1) Centre inside school/university(2) Centre outside school/university specifically for students (3) Centre for unemployed inside public employment services(4) Centre for all citizens – in- or outside educational or labour

market settings

INDIVIDUAL MODEL

(1) Specialist inside school / university / employment services (school counsellor, school psychologist or pedagogue, social worker, guidance specialist in employment offices)

(2) Semi-specialist inside school / university / employmentservices (eg class teacher, subject teacher, (deputy)director, employment counsellor, generic careercoordinator or career adviser)

VIRTUAL orWEB-MODEL

(1) Self-help facility at schools / public employment services / local communities

(2) Web-based interactive (individual through Internet)

Draft National LifeLong Learning Strategy Paper

(2013)

Career guidance viewed as important component of a LLL system – but needsto be reformed

� Current inefficiencies and weaknesses

� Access not easy (i.e. adults, low skilled)

� Services patchy

� Services short-term oriented and do not support decision-making skills

A new paradigmof career guidance

… has started in EU and OECD countries some 10 yearsago …

(initiated by policy making and the academic community)

� from intervention at key points in life to a lifelong perspective

� from psychological ‘testing’ to pedagogical«tasting the world of work »

� from external expert support tocareer (self)-management skills

� from individual guidance to group-andself-help approaches

A paradigm shift

9

ChangingConcepts

UNDERLYING PRINCIPLE

� From: choosing a career

� To: constructing a career

Changing definition

EU Lifelong Guidance Policy

� EU Council Resolutions «Guidance Throughout Life» (2004), «Better integrating lifelong guidance into lifelong learning strategies» (2008)

A) Lifelong acquisition of career management skills (CMS)B) Access by all citizensC) Develop quality assuranceD) Encourage co-ordination and co-operation

� European reference tools (Career Guidance Handbook for Policymakers; Common aims and principles of lifelong guidance)

� European Lifelong Guidance Policy Network (ELGPN) – A European Resource Kit for Lifelong Guidance

Policy Development (2013)

Accessby

all citizens

Careermanagement

skills

Qualityassurance

of provision

Co-operation and

co-ordination

Affinity between prioritiesof the EU and Turkey

Very low Low Medium High

The role of career guidance

EU and OECD say …

� Career guidance contributes to public policy goals

- in education and training (efficiency, level and quality of human capital, address skill shortages, drop-out…)

- in the labour market (better match, mobility, improve laboursupply, workforce preparation, adaptability…)

- in social cohesion and equity (social integration, gender,citizenship…)

15

Triple roleof career guidance…

(ETF 2010)

…vis a vis transitions and lifelong learning …

� turning point role (when it comes to making choices for a learning pathway (i.e. VET), major or occupation)

� supporting role (a developmental dimension in critical phases during the learning or transition process, i.e. preventing drop-out, encouraging further learning, raising aspirations)

� empowerment role (empowering the individual to become a ‘lifelong learner’, to become/remain employable throughout life, increased capacity to self-manage various transitions through ´CMS´, a process dimension)

The way forwardin Turkey

CONTRIBUTION TO LLL GOALS

- Is it clearly articulated to WHICH LLL goals careerguidance should contribute?

DEMANDUSERS OF CAREER GUIDANCE

- Have target groups been prioritised? Who is most in need? Are services tiered? Is demand researched?

- Are users involved in design/reform of services?

POLICY PURPOSE

REVIEW OF CAREER GUIDANCE SERVICES

- Regular monitoring? Independent evaluation? International comparison? Impact research?

- Are findings/recommendations implemented?

RELEVANCE /QUALITY

3 Critical Questions

3 General Recommendations

� Enter into a new phase- from ‘modernisation and adaptation’ of career guidance to ‘lifelong guidance’ (integration in lifelong learning)

� Build on your strengths- Guidance Oriented Curriculum as developmental and holistic approach to education- Co-operation Protocol/Memorandum of Understanding- Large number of staff with guidance function in MoNE + new enhanced capacities at ISKUR

� Pay attention to sustainability- Career guidance policy unit in MoNE

- Web-based career information system to serve all target groups in a lifelong perspective

3 Specific Recommendations

1. Revisit ‘Lifelong Guidance – a feasible policy option for Turkey’ (ETF policy paper, 2009) – are some findings / recommendations still valid ?

2. Strongly embed Career Management Skills (CMS) in the curriculum (of schools, VET, training courses)

3. Increase access to career guidance services (in particular to LLL priority groups, those not yet sufficiently covered, those most in need)

Thank you for your attention !

For further information please visit our website

www.etf.europa.eu

Or ETF in the city of Turin (Italy)