The Role of Data Standards The Role of Data Standards in GIS Coordinationin GIS Coordination

PAGIC/PAMAGIC Standards Town Meeting

Importance of Importance of StandardsStandards

Great Baltimore Fire of 1904 - fire companies from as far as Atlantic city responded only to be found useless since they had different hose coupling sizes that did not fit Baltimore hydrants - fire burned over 30 hours, resulted in destruction of 1526 building covering 17 city blocks.

PEOPLE

DATA MAPS

ERRI

DATA PARTNERS

Coordination InitiativesCoordination Initiatives

• 1994 - Executive order 12906 calls for establishment of the National Spatial Data Clearinghouse (NSDC)

“… to avoid wasteful duplication of effort and promote effective and economical management of resources by Federal, State, local, and tribal governments…”

• Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) began NSDI

• PASDA began in 1995 as NSDI node.

Partnerships

Clearinghouse (catalog)

Metadata

Framework GEOdata

Standards

National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI)

FGDC FrameworkFGDC Framework

• Orthoimagery

• Elevation

• Transportation

• Hydrography

• Governmental units

• Cadastral information

• Geodetic control

Focus of EffortFocus of Effort

Federal State

Local

Commondata

PASDA:

Data ExamplePASDA:

Data Example

•Digital Elevation Model

of Fayette County

•Digital Elevation Model

of Fayette County

Data Source:•USGS National Elevation Database

PASDA:

Data ExamplePASDA:

Data Example

• Streams and Watershed Boundaries in Allegheny County

• Streams and Watershed Boundaries in Allegheny County

Data Sources:•Environmental Resources Research Institute (ERRI)• Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection

PASDA:

Data ExamplePASDA:

Data Example

• Floodplains in Crawford County

• Floodplains in Crawford County

Data Sources:• Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection•Office of Remote Sensing for Earth Resources, PSU

PASDA:

Data ExamplePASDA:

Data Example

• Westmoreland County roads and school districts

• Westmoreland County roads and school districts

Data Source:• Pennsylvania Department of Transportation

PASDA:

Data ExamplePASDA:

Data Example

• Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) of Oil City

• Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) of Oil City

Data Source:• U.S. Geological Survey

PASDA:

Data ExamplePASDA:

Data Example

Data Sources:• Published by Bureau of the Census• US Department of Commerce• U.S. Geologic Survey

• Digital Orthophoto

Quadrangle (DOQ)

of downtown

Pittsburgh

• Digital Orthophoto

Quadrangle (DOQ)

of downtown

Pittsburgh

Data Sources:• Published through ERRI, by PSU• National Gap Analysis Program • National Biological Service/US Geologic Survey Biological Resources • Pennsylvania Mapping and Geographic Information Consortium.

PASDA: Data ExamplePASDA: Data Example

• Terrabyte Image of Indiana County• Terrabyte Image of Indiana County

PASDA:

Data ExamplePASDA:

Data Example

• Major Physiographic

Provinces of PA

• Major Physiographic

Provinces of PA

Data Sources:• Pennsylvania Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey

PASDA:

Data ExamplePASDA:

Data Example

•Tabular Census Data•Tabular Census Data

Data Source:• U.S. Bureau of Census

Time Period of Content:

Time Period Information:

Single Date/Time:

Calendar Date:1994

Currentness Reference:publication date

Status:

Progress:Complete

Maintenance and Update Frequency:None planned

Spatial Domain:

Bounding Coordinates:

West Bounding Coordinate:-74.739

East Bounding Coordinate:-73.652

North Bounding Coordinate:45.156

South Bounding Coordinate:44.496

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme Keyword Thesaurus:None

Theme Keyword:RF3 alpha Hydrography River Reach streams stream network rivers

hydrography ArcInfo navigation drainage

Place:

Place Keyword Thesaurus:Geographic Names Information System

Place Keyword:New York NY New York English-Salmon

Access Constraints:none

Use Constraints:none

Point of Contact:

Contact Information:

Contact Organization Primary:

Contact Organization:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Contact Person:Dan Parker

Contact Address:

Address Type:mailing and physical address

Address:401 M Street SW (4503F)

City:Washington

State or Province:DC

Postal Code:20460

Country:United States

Contact Voice Telephone:1-800-424-9067

Data Set Credit:McKay, Lucinda; Sue Hanson; Robert Horn; Richard Dulaney; Alan Cahoon; Mark

Olsen; and Thomas Dewald, 1994. The U.S. EPA Reach File Version 3.0 Alpha Release (RF3-Alpha)

Technical Reference. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC

Metadata-pulling it together

Originator:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Water/OST Basins

Originator:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Water/OST Basins

Title:USEPA/OW River Reach File 3 (RF3) Alpha for CONUS, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands

Title:USEPA/OW River Reach File 3 (RF3) Alpha for CONUS, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands

Spatial Domain:

Bounding Coordinates:

West Bounding Coordinate:-74.739

East Bounding Coordinate:-73.652

Spatial Domain:

Bounding Coordinates:

West Bounding Coordinate:-74.739

East Bounding Coordinate:-73.652

Calendar Date:1994

Indirect Spatial Reference:English-Salmon - New York

Direct Spatial Reference Method:Vector

Description:

Abstract:The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Reach Files are a series of hydrographic databases of the surface waters of the continental United States …

Description:

Abstract:The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Reach Files are a series of hydrographic databases of the surface waters of the continental United States …

Planar Distance Units:meters

Geodetic Model:

Horizontal Datum Name:North American

Datum of 1927

Ellipsoid Name:Clarke 1866

Planar Distance Units:meters

Geodetic Model:

Horizontal Datum Name:North American

Datum of 1927

Ellipsoid Name:Clarke 1866

MetadataMetadataInfo about the dataInfo about the data

What’s Missing?What’s Missing?

Cadastral and scales larger than 1:24,000Source: 1999 PaMAGIC survey

Importance of GIS Importance of GIS StandardsStandards

• Enables seamless regional integration for planning, emergency management and other uses

• Reduce the redundancy and duplication of data production

• Promotes a common set of terminology to enable organizations to describe, utilize, and share information and data

• Enables technology independent solutions

• Provides a basis for conformity assessment

GIS StandardsGIS Standards

• Metadata—FGDC Compatible• Data Creation—Setting the

parameters for how data is collected, defined, encoded, and organized

• Data Development & Management—Projections, Scales, Datums

Data CreationData Creation

• Standards for accuracy & quality

• Standards for addressing• Standards for attribute

encoding—naming conventions, common code set

• Definitions of feature types—what defines a road, what defines a stream, etc.

Development & Development & ManagementManagement

• Compatible transfer format• Continuity of projection, scale,

resolution, datum, etc.

FGDC Standards ActivitiesFGDC Standards Activities

• 12 Endorsed Standards (Metadata, SDTS, Accuracy, Soils, Vegetation Classification)

• 22 Under Development(Metadata Profiles, “Other” DataContent, “Other” SDTS Profiles

• Active in ISO standards activities

Future Pennsylvania Future Pennsylvania ActivitiesActivities

•Regional planning

•Regional coordination efforts

•Distributed data processing (i.e., routing)

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www.pasda.psu.educontact pasda@psu.edu

PASDA provides metadata, data storage, and educational services.

www.pagic.state.pa.usInformation on GIS activities throughout the state

www.fgdc.govNational and international level data and standards activities

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