The Roaring The Roaring Twenties:Twenties:

1919-19291919-19291.1. Life After World War ILife After World War I

2.2. Warren G. Harding and Calvin Warren G. Harding and Calvin CoolidgeCoolidge

3.3. Stock Market SuccessStock Market Success

4.4. Roaring 20’sRoaring 20’s

Republicans in OfficeRepublicans in Office Woodrow Wilson becomes ill and fades Woodrow Wilson becomes ill and fades

out of the pictureout of the picture

US citizens are looking for a change in US citizens are looking for a change in Presidency, choose a Republican leader:Presidency, choose a Republican leader:

1. Warren G. Harding (Wins 1920 1. Warren G. Harding (Wins 1920 Election)Election)

Harding- Wants to return the United Harding- Wants to return the United States back to “Normal”States back to “Normal”

Warren G HardingWarren G Harding

Facts About the 29Facts About the 29thth PresidentPresident

1.1. From the “lovely” From the “lovely” state of Ohiostate of Ohio

2.2. 2929thth President President

3.3. Many of the taxes he Many of the taxes he created contributed created contributed to the Stock Market to the Stock Market Crash in 1929Crash in 1929

Warren G. HardingWarren G. HardingHarding takes over and immediately there is aHarding takes over and immediately there is arecessionrecession

RecessionRecession- downturn in economic activity- downturn in economic activity * Struggle to rebuild after World War I* Struggle to rebuild after World War I * Too much time and money to recover from* Too much time and money to recover from

Corruption and ScandalsCorruption and Scandals1.1. Many of Harding’s Cabinet members stole Many of Harding’s Cabinet members stole

money from the government, went behind money from the government, went behind his back and betrayed himhis back and betrayed him

2. Harding- sick and betrayed, dies in 1923 2. Harding- sick and betrayed, dies in 1923

Meet Calvin CoolidgeMeet Calvin Coolidge

Our 30Our 30thth President President

1.1. Was a Republican Was a Republican lawyer from lawyer from VermontVermont

2.2. Served as Governor Served as Governor of Massachusettsof Massachusetts

3.3. Spoke in favor of Spoke in favor of Civil Rights for Civil Rights for African Americans African Americans and Catholicsand Catholics

Calvin CoolidgeCalvin Coolidge Vice President under Harding- fills in once Vice President under Harding- fills in once

Harding diesHarding dies

PersonalityPersonality1.1. Different from HardingDifferent from Harding2.2. Quiet and Reserved (Known as “Silent Cal)Quiet and Reserved (Known as “Silent Cal)

Economic Prosperity- believed in Big BusinessEconomic Prosperity- believed in Big Business1.1. Cut regulations on businessesCut regulations on businesses2.2. Factories switched back to consumer goodsFactories switched back to consumer goods3.3. Goods were made at a rapid rateGoods were made at a rapid rate4.4. Economy was boomingEconomy was booming

A Booming EconomyA Booming Economy American incomes rose (more money to spend)American incomes rose (more money to spend)

More goods in circulation and advertising of More goods in circulation and advertising of new productsnew products

* People wanted to buy things they could not * People wanted to buy things they could not affordafford

Installment Buying- buying on credit (paying Installment Buying- buying on credit (paying back at a later time)back at a later time) * Interest- money the banks made off of * Interest- money the banks made off of

your investmentyour investment * People are buying so many goods on * People are buying so many goods on

“credit”“credit” * Banks are lending out too much money* Banks are lending out too much money

A Soaring Stock MarketA Soaring Stock Market By the mid 1920’s people were investing in By the mid 1920’s people were investing in

the stock market more than ever beforethe stock market more than ever before * Buying and trading constantly* Buying and trading constantly Bull Market-Bull Market- period of increased trading and period of increased trading and

high prices (Very dangerous and unstable)high prices (Very dangerous and unstable) * Buying stock on “credit”* Buying stock on “credit” * When prices were high it worked well* When prices were high it worked well * If prices ever fell…Disaster* If prices ever fell…Disaster

World Affairs and World Affairs and TradingTrading

Latin America-Latin America- Trade w/ United States Trade w/ United States increased after the warincreased after the war * US would help Latin America when * US would help Latin America when

neededneeded

Soviet Union-Soviet Union- beginning their Communist beginning their Communistgovernment and economygovernment and economy * US disagreed with their ideas* US disagreed with their ideas * Communism controls people and their * Communism controls people and their

rights as free citizens (No freedom or rights as free citizens (No freedom or Religion)Religion)

* US- still helped Russia through a famine * US- still helped Russia through a famine

New Ways of LifeNew Ways of LifeProhibitionProhibition- ban on alcohol sales, - ban on alcohol sales,

manufacturing and transportation anywhere in manufacturing and transportation anywhere in

the United States (18the United States (18thth Amendment) Amendment)

* Lasted from 1920-1933 (Repealed 21* Lasted from 1920-1933 (Repealed 21stst Am.) Am.)

* Bootleggers made their own or smuggled * Bootleggers made their own or smuggled alcohol from Canada or Latin Americaalcohol from Canada or Latin America

* Led to an increase of organized crime* Led to an increase of organized crime

1. Gangsters/Mob 1. Gangsters/Mob

2. Bribes w/ law enforcement/judges2. Bribes w/ law enforcement/judges

New Rights for WomenNew Rights for Women1919thth Amendment- Voting rights for women Amendment- Voting rights for women

First GovernorsFirst Governors::Nellie Tayloe Ross (Wyoming)Nellie Tayloe Ross (Wyoming)Miriam A. Ferguson (Texas)Miriam A. Ferguson (Texas)

Equal Rights Amendment (ERAEqual Rights Amendment (ERA)- equality of)- equality ofrights under the law regardless of sex (M/F)rights under the law regardless of sex (M/F)

Changes for Working WomenChanges for Working Women::1.1. Working outside the home Working outside the home

(teachers/secretaries) (teachers/secretaries) 2.2. Housework became easier w/ appliancesHousework became easier w/ appliances

Impact of the AutomobileImpact of the Automobile* Americans were able to travel and go * Americans were able to travel and go

moremore

places than ever beforeplaces than ever before

1. Prices of the Model T Ford: 1. Prices of the Model T Ford:

* $850 in 1920* $850 in 1920

* $290 in 1924 (Became affordable)* $290 in 1924 (Became affordable)

** Automobiles helped the growth of other ** Automobiles helped the growth of other industries (Oil, Steel, Motels, Gas industries (Oil, Steel, Motels, Gas Stations)Stations)

A New CultureA New CultureRadio- became very popular in the 1920’sRadio- became very popular in the 1920’s

* Way of communicating and * Way of communicating and entertainmententertainment

* KDKA in Pittsburgh (First Station)* KDKA in Pittsburgh (First Station)

Movies- Hollywood CaliforniaMovies- Hollywood California

* First movies had no sound (Pianist * First movies had no sound (Pianist played)played)

* 1927- First talking movie (The Jazz * 1927- First talking movie (The Jazz Singer)Singer)

The Roaring 20’sThe Roaring 20’sFadsFads- an activity or passion that is taken up - an activity or passion that is taken up over a short period or time (fade in/out)over a short period or time (fade in/out)

FlappersFlappers- young women who rebelled - young women who rebelled against traditional ways of thinking for against traditional ways of thinking for womenwomen * Wore their dresses short* Wore their dresses short * Red lipstick/fast cars/shorter hair* Red lipstick/fast cars/shorter hair

** New sensation of freedom** New sensation of freedom

Other Influential People Other Influential People

Louis Armstrong-Louis Armstrong- great jazz musician great jazz musician * Jazz rose up in the 20’s in New Orleans* Jazz rose up in the 20’s in New Orleans

Ernest Hemingway-Ernest Hemingway- excellent writer of the excellent writer of the 20’s (A Farewell to Arms) (The Sun Also20’s (A Farewell to Arms) (The Sun AlsoRises)Rises)

Langston Hughes-Langston Hughes- part of the Harlem part of the Harlem RenaissanceRenaissance

* African American writers were * African American writers were

Age of HeroesAge of HeroesRadio, movies and newspapers createdRadio, movies and newspapers createdcelebrities known all over the country (Media)celebrities known all over the country (Media) Sports FiguresSports Figures Bobby Jones- won many golf championshipsBobby Jones- won many golf championships Jack Dempsey- famous boxerJack Dempsey- famous boxer College football became very popular (Notre College football became very popular (Notre

Dame)Dame) Baseball- real passion for America Baseball- real passion for America * America’s past time* America’s past time * Babe Ruth- the king of baseball* Babe Ruth- the king of baseball

Charles Lindberg- first to fly across the Atlantic OceanCharles Lindberg- first to fly across the Atlantic Ocean * Spirit of St. Louis (His Plane)* Spirit of St. Louis (His Plane) * Landed in Paris France (33 hour flight)* Landed in Paris France (33 hour flight)

Age of HeroesAge of Heroes

Struggles of the 1920’sStruggles of the 1920’sThere were some intense struggles after There were some intense struggles after

WW IWW I

1.1. Farmers- hit the hardest (high prices Farmers- hit the hardest (high prices on machinery/goods and land)on machinery/goods and land)

2.2. General Labor Issues- workers General Labor Issues- workers demanding higher pay demanding higher pay

* Cost of living rose* Cost of living rose

* More expensive to live * More expensive to live

3. KKK hatred in both the North and 3. KKK hatred in both the North and SouthSouth

Limiting ImmigrationLimiting ImmigrationRed Scare- Nervousness and dislike for the Red Scare- Nervousness and dislike for the Soviet Union and CommunismSoviet Union and Communism * People thought Russians were spies* People thought Russians were spies * Nativism- opposed to immigration* Nativism- opposed to immigration

Emergency Quota Act-Emergency Quota Act- Passed the quota Passed the quota system in 1921 system in 1921

Quota System-Quota System- allowed only a certain number of allowed only a certain number of people to immigrate from each countrypeople to immigrate from each country * Favored Northern European nations* Favored Northern European nations * Cut off Eastern European and Asian nations* Cut off Eastern European and Asian nations

Election of 1928Election of 1928By 1928- Republicans had led the nation for By 1928- Republicans had led the nation for 8 years (Much success after World War I)8 years (Much success after World War I)

Republican Candidate- Herbert HooverRepublican Candidate- Herbert Hoover * Midwest (Millionaire= Big Business Guy)* Midwest (Millionaire= Big Business Guy)

Democrat- Alfred E. SmithDemocrat- Alfred E. Smith * First Catholic to run for President* First Catholic to run for President * Son of Irish Immigrants (Raised in Big City)* Son of Irish Immigrants (Raised in Big City)

** Smith won the cities/Hoover won rural vote and all ** Smith won the cities/Hoover won rural vote and all of the Midwest and big business supportersof the Midwest and big business supporters

* Hoover wins easily (Economy crashes down)* Hoover wins easily (Economy crashes down) * Great Depression begins in 1929* Great Depression begins in 1929

Stock Market CrashStock Market Crash