the rise of russia
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The Rise of Russia. By: Lachlan Moore, Eva Holland, Austin Rieth , and Joe Daus. Russia’s first Westernization: Peter I. Peter I ruled from 1689 to 1725 He built up tsarist control, and expanded Russia’s territory He had an interest in changing Russia’s economy and culture like the west - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Russia’s first Westernization:Peter I Peter I ruled from 1689 to 1725 He built up tsarist control, and expanded Russia’s territory He had an interest in changing Russia’s economy and
culture like the west Peter traveled incognito through western lands looking for
allies against the Turks
Peter I cont. Brought many western artisans to Russia Peter was an aristocrat Didn’t institute a parliament Used Nobel titles for bureaucrats, and even elected no
aristocrats This freed Russia from the aristocrats He created a military force specifically for putting down local
militias
Catherine the Great German born Russian tsarina in the 18th century, ruled after
the assassination of her husband, gave appearance of enlightened rule, accepted western cultural influence, maintained nobility as service aristocracy by granting them new power over peasantry.
Her marriage was arranged to Peter III She hated her son and husband Her husband was mentally unstable and gave frequent
threats of divorce
Catherine the Great cont. She used the Pugachev Rebellion to extend government
control over religion She supported enlightenment by: Imported French philosophersCreated new law codesReduced traditional brutal punishmentEncouraged education and the arts Held campaigns against the Ottomans Claimed territory in Alaska Claimed part of Poland
Accomplishments of Catherine the Great Made Russia an economic powerhouse Constructed a strong central state Created one of the largest empires in the world Improvements in the arts
Russia and the Mongols The emergence of Russia as an Eastern superpower
depended upon gaining freedom from the Mongols Ivan the 3rd (Russian emperor who gained power in 1462)
freed Russia from Mongol rule and was then given the title Ivan the Great
After Russia was freed from Mongol rule, Ivan the Great took even more Mongol territory in the Ural mountians
Patterns of Expansion Russian expansion matched that of Macedonia and Rome
because of the steady gain of power Ivan the 4th,also known as Ivan the Terrible, continued the
Russian policy of land expansion Cossacks (peasants recruited to migrate to seized lands)
expanded and settled future Russian lands
Western Contact & Romanov Policy The Time of Troubles was when there was no Russian heir to
the throne in the 17th century The Romanov family took over and lasted until the great
Russian revolution of 1917 The Romanovs tightened Russian serfdom and created new
laws to bind peasants to their land
Serfdom: The Life of East Europe’s Masses After the expulsion of the Tartars, increasing numbers of
Russian peasants fell into debt and became serfs The Russian government encouraged serfdom and in 1649
fixed hereditary status of serfs Life for serfs deteriorated, they became more like slaves By 1800 half of the Russian peasants were serfs
Estate Agriculture, Trade, and Dependence Nobility used estate agriculture system, this stifled social
mobility and urbanization, prevented possible merchant class Began to rely on Western manufactured goods Economic system supported Russia’s doubling population Although agricultural methods were traditional
Social Unrest More peasant rebellions against landlords taking land Pugachev Rebellion in 1770s was led by Pugachev who was
a cossack cheiftain He claimed to be tsar, and promised end of serfdom and
taxation; he was publically executed
Russia and Eastern Europe The Balkan picked up Enlightenment ideas through trade
with Greece Czech, Slovak, and Hungary had Western influences Russian territory pushed into Polish areas Although Poland and Lithuania combined to be the second
largest state in Europe, economic setbacks led to weakness The eclipse of Poland highlighted Russian emergence on the
European as well as Eurasian stage