the rise and fall of asbestos industry and its repercussions in korea domyung paek seoul national...
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The Rise and Fall of The Rise and Fall of Asbestos Industry and Its Asbestos Industry and Its Repercussions in KoreaRepercussions in Korea
Domyung PaekDomyung PaekSeoul National UniversitySeoul National University
KoreaKorea
BackgroundsBackgrounds• The change in asbestos consumption, first
a steady rise to reach a plateau and then a sudden fall, is not a random process.
• It reflects the interplay of economics, administrative policy and politics.
• To understand what or who has contributed to the increase or decrease in the consumption of asbestos should be a crucial step for any country in setting her future administrative policies and resolving un-necessary political disputes.
OutlinesOutlines• Phases of change over the period
– Rise, Plateau, Fall– Landmark points
• Key role players in each phase– Economic situation, Administrative
policy, and Politics of health and safety – Voices and contributions
• Repercussions– Trends of asbestos-related cancers
Asbestos Mining and Import, Korea
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
Mining Import
Phases of ChangePhases of Change
EXPANSIOEXPANSIONN
FALLFALLPLATEAPLATEAUU
Key EventsKey EventsAsbestos Consumption in Korea and Japan
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
Import to Japan Mining in Korea
Industrial Industrial Safety and Safety and Health Act of Health Act of Japan, 1972Japan, 1972
Industrial Industrial Safety and Safety and
Health Act of Health Act of Korea, 1981Korea, 1981
Asbestos imports to Japan and Korea
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
Year
ton
Import to J apan Import to Korea
352,316(1974)
79,463(2001)
44,146(1939)
320,393(1988)
Asbestos imports to Japan and Korea
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
Year
ton
Import to J apan Import to Korea
352,316(1974)
79,463(2001)
44,146(1939)
320,393(1988)
First Mesothelioma Case in J apan (1978)
First Mesothelioma Case in Korea (1994)
Second Mesothelioma Case in J apan (1984)
Asbestos Mining and Import, Korea
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
Mining Import
Phases of ChangePhases of Change
EXPANSIOEXPANSIONN
FALLFALLPLATEAPLATEAUU
Industrial Industrial Safety and Safety and Health Act of Health Act of Korea, 1981Korea, 1981
First Mesothelioma First Mesothelioma Case in Korea, 199Case in Korea, 19944
Expansion Phase (1960-Expansion Phase (1960-1982)1982)
• Economy– Foreign Investment, especially Japan
and Germany– Stimulation of Construction,
Manufacturing Industries• Administration
– No active regulation• Politics of Health and Safety
– Absent
Plateau Phase (1983-1995)Plateau Phase (1983-1995)• Economy
– Shift to high quality asbestos products
• Administration– Regulatory measures installed
• Politics of Health and Safety– Not a social issue yet
Fall Phase (1996-Present)Fall Phase (1996-Present)• Economy
– Transfer of asbestos industry to China and Southeast Asia
• Administration– Active regulation
• Politics of Health and Safety– After the identification of first asbestos
victim, compensation has become a issue
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Asbestos- related Cancers in Korea
Lung Cancer, Comp Lung Cancer, Not-CompMesothelioma, Comp Mesothelioma, Not-Comp
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
AsbestosProduct
ConstructionWorker
MaintenanceWorker
Mechanic Plumber Welder Potter+Quarry etc.
Occupations of Asbestos- related Cancers
Compensated Not-Compensated
Asbestos Exposure History among MesAsbestos Exposure History among Mesothelioma of General Populationothelioma of General Population
• Kim CB, Jung SH, Lee KJ, Kang JD. Survival analysis of hospitalized mesothelioma patients. Korean J Preventive Medicine 23(1): 77-86; 1990
• Myungchai Na. A study on mesothelioma and asbestos exposure. MPH thesis, Seoul National University, School of Public Health. 1994
• Malignant mesothelioma surveillance system in Korea. Korean J Occp Environ Medicine. 2006
5%8%
17%
44%
33%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
1977-1987 1990-1993 2004-2005
Asbestos Exposure History amongMesothelioma of General Population
Occupational Exposures Environmental Exposures
Expansion Phase
ShrinkagePhase
PlateauPhase
Source
Exposure
Effect
Action
Repercussions
Foreign Investment
AdministrativeRegulation Asbestos
Ban
Source, Exposure, Effect, and Action Source, Exposure, Effect, and Action (SEEA) Model of Asbestos Industry(SEEA) Model of Asbestos Industry