the ringstrasse in vienna the european city transformed in the late 19th century
TRANSCRIPT
The transformation of the city of Vienna from mid- to late-19th century exemplifies ideas and attitudes brought about by a changing political climate, growing industrial economy, and the need to make the city a larger urban organism rather than an old walled center divided from its newer surrounding suburbs.
Emperor Franz Josef sponsored a competition in 1858 to lay out a new band of public and private buildings on the territory formerly occupied by the fortifying walls of the Austrian capital. This very wide boulevard, with its provision for monumental cultural and government buildings interspersed with parks, ringed the old town and therefore gained the name “Ringstrasse” (lit. ring street).
The project was underwritten by the sale of a substantial amount of the land comprising the ring district to private developers in order to create the funding for the public buildings.
The Theseus-Tempel (1820-23) by Peter Nobile in the Volksgarten is a Greek revival monument intended to display a statue of Theseus carved by the Italian neo-classical sculptor Antonio Canova.
The Outer Castle Gate, by Peter Nobile, 1821-24, is another Greek Revival addition to the imperial castle in Vienna prior to the Ring project.
The neo-Gothic Votivkirche (Votive Church) by Heinrich von Ferstel, 1856-79, commemorates the Emperor Franz Josef’s escape from death by a Hungarian would-be assassin’s attempt on his life. It was built by public contributions as a sign of the solidarity between the people of Austria and the imperial house.
Former Hofoper (Court Opera House), now Staatsoper (State Opera House) by August von Siccardsburg and Eduard van der Nüll,1861-69
The State Opera (formerly Court Opera) on the Ring, by August von Siccardsburg and Eduard van der Nüll, 1861-69. The design was scaled to the public space of the Ringstrasse with porticoes at two levels from which opera-goers could see the pedestrian and carriage traffic of the boulevard
Friedrich von Schmidt, the architect of the Vienna City Hall, worked on the project to finish the Cathedral of Cologne before coming to Austria.
View of the Rathaus (City Hall) from the Volksgarten. The series of parks along the Ringstrasse serve as a context that connects the various monuments together.
Theophil Hansen, the architect of the Parlamentshaus (Parliament Building), was a Danish neo-classicist who based his design of this structure on both Roman and Greek models.
The Neue Hofburg (New Imperial Castle) by Karl Hasenauer, 1881ff, viewed from Heldenplatz (Heroes’ Square).
Heldenplatz is on axis with Maria-Theresia-Platz, seen through the colonnade of the Outer Castle Gate.
Maria-Theresia-Platz focuses on a monument by the sculptor Zumbusch to the beloved 18th-century Hapsburg Empress Maria Theresia, mother of Marie Antoinette and grandmother of Franz Josef.
The Art Historical and Natural History Museums are a matched pair by Gottfried Semper and Karl van Hasenauer. They face each other across Maria-Theresia-Platz.
Competition 1866;Construction 1872-81