· the rick hansen foundation brad mccannell, vice president, access and inclusion jenny blome,...

This document was developed to guide the reader through the specific

application of the Rick Hansen Foundation Accessibility CertificationTM (RHFAC)

Program. This is not intended to be a design manual. Guidance on how to rate a

specific site or building is not included in this document.

For more information about the RHFAC Program and RHFAC Accessibility Assessor

training, please contact us at [email protected] or visit

www.rickhansen.com/rhfac.

COPYRIGHT

©2018 by The Rick Hansen Foundation. All rights reserved.

DISCLAIMER

None of the parties involved in the funding or creation of the Rick Hansen

Foundation Accessibility CertificationTM (“RHFAC”) Program, including the Rick

Hansen Foundation, its affiliates, members, employees or contractors, assume

any liability or responsibility to the user of this handbook or any third parties for

the accuracy, completeness, or use of or reliance on any information contained in

the RHFAC Program, or for any costs, expenses, injuries, losses or damages

(including, without limitation, equitable relief) arising from the use of any

materials for the RHFAC Program.

New construction,site alterations, repairs and demolitions in all jurisdictions are

or may be subject to federal, provincial, municipal and local statutes, codes,

ordinances, decrees, rules, regulations, bylaws, policies, requirements, standards

and guidelines in their governing jurisdiction (“Building Laws”). These Building

Laws may even include building codes, standards or requirements that are

specific to accessibility by persons with disabilities. These Building Laws vary from

jurisdiction to jurisdiction and may change over time. The user is advised that the

ratings, certification levels, recommendations and build specifications used or

included in the RHFAC Program are functional recommendations, not represented

or guaranteed to meet, comply with or be consistent with the requirements of

any Building Laws at any time in force or effect in any jurisdiction. It is the sole

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.rickhansen.com/rhfac

responsibility of the party undertaking any construction to consult with

knowledgeable consultants (including code consultants) and applicable

authorities having jurisdiction in the governing jurisdictions, to confirm that the

recommendations and specifications of the RHFAC Program intended to be used

comply with Building Laws so that any build, renovation and demolition

undertaken is in compliance with the Building Laws. The user acknowledges that it

is aware that it may be required to amend or adapt the recommendations and

specifications of the RHFAC Program to ensure compliance with Building Laws.

As a condition of use, the user hereby waives the user’s right of any and all claims,

demands and causes of action against the Rick Hansen Foundation, its affiliates,

members, employees or contractors (the “RHF Personnel”), and further releases

the RHF Personnel of any and all claims, demands and causes of action, for any

costs, expenses, injuries, losses or damages (including, without limitation,

equitable relief) that the user may now or hereafter have against the RHF

Personnel by reason of or arising out of the use of, or reliance on, any materials

for the RHFAC Program.

PERMISSIONS

Canadian Standards Association With the permission of Canadian Standards Association (CSA), material is reproduced from CSA standard, B651-12 - Accessible design for the built environment, which is copyrighted by CSA, 178 Rexdale Blvd., Toronto, ON, M9W 1R3. This material is not the complete and official position of CSA on the referenced subject, which is represented solely by the standard in its entirety. While use of the material has been authorized, CSA is not responsible for the manner in which the data is presented, nor for any interpretations thereof. No further reproduction is permitted. For more information or to purchase standards from CSA, please visit http://shop.csa.ca/ or call 1-800-463-6727.

TRADEMARK

Rick Hansen Foundation Accessibility Certification™ is a registered trademark of

the Rick Hansen Foundation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Rick Hansen Foundation gratefully acknowledges the following individuals

who have contributed to the development of this document.

The Rick Hansen Foundation

Brad McCannell, Vice President, Access and Inclusion

Jenny Blome, Manager, Accessibility Services

Patricia Short, P. Eng., MBA, PID, Course Designer and Developer, RHFAC

Accessibility Assessor Training (Consultant)

The Rick Hansen Foundation gratefully acknowledges the support of the RHFAC

Advisory Committee.

http://shop.csa.ca/

Table of Contents Page 4

Rick Hansen Foundation

Accessibility Certification™ (RHFAC)

Professional Handbook

1 Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................... 9

Program Highlights .............................................................................................. 11

What is an RHFAC rating? ................................................................................. 11

Program Focus .................................................................................................. 11

Who would benefit from an RHFAC rating? ...................................................... 11

Certification Requirement ................................................................................ 12

Certification ...................................................................................................... 12

Rating and Certification Process Summary ....................................................... 13

Main Process Participants and Roles .............................................................. 13

Documents, Systems and Tools ..................................................................... 14

RHFAC Rating and Certification Process Steps ............................................... 15

RHFAC Registry Rating System Inputs and Outputs ........................................ 15

Project Task Checklist ....................................................................................... 16

Conduct a Site and/or a Plan Review ............................................................. 16

Complete the RHFAC Rating .......................................................................... 17

Submit RHFAC Rating Survey to Online RHFAC Registry for Adjudication ...... 17

Fees .................................................................................................................. 17

Certification Validity ......................................................................................... 18

Rating Survey Overview ....................................................................................... 19


Categories, Elements and Features ................................................................... 19

Scorecard .......................................................................................................... 21

List of Categories and Elements ........................................................................ 23

The Rating Survey ................................................................................................ 25

Overview .......................................................................................................... 25

Using the Rating Criteria ................................................................................... 26

How to Assign Points to a Feature: an Example ................................................ 27

Fundamental Requirements ............................................................................. 30

Space and Clearance ...................................................................................... 30

Slope and Level Change ................................................................................. 40

Surfaces ......................................................................................................... 42

Visual Contrast ............................................................................................... 46

Illumination and Lighting ............................................................................... 47

Handrails........................................................................................................ 51

Standard Sizes ................................................................................................ 54

1 Vehicular Access ............................................................................................ 55

1.1 Parking..................................................................................................... 56

1.2 General Vehicular Access ......................................................................... 64

1.3 Ideas for Innovation ................................................................................. 67

2 Exterior Approach and Entrance .................................................................... 69

2.1 Exterior Pathways to Facilities on Site ..................................................... 70

2.2 Exterior Ramps ........................................................................................ 79

2.3 Exterior Stairs .......................................................................................... 83

2.4 Main Entrance or Alternative Accessible Entrance .................................. 89

2.5 Ideas for Innovation ............................................................................... 100

3 Interior Circulation ....................................................................................... 102


3.1 Interior Doors and Doorways (not including Sanitary Facilities) ............. 103

3.2 Path of Travel ........................................................................................ 117

3.3 Corridors and Hallways .......................................................................... 120

3.4 Interior Ramps ....................................................................................... 124

3.5 Elevators ................................................................................................ 127

3.6 Interior Stairs ......................................................................................... 135

3.7 Escalators and Moving Walkways .......................................................... 142

3.8 Vertical Platform Lifts ............................................................................ 143


4 Interior Services and Environment ............................................................... 148

4.1 Lobby and Reception Area ..................................................................... 149

4.2 Reception Desks and Service Counters .................................................. 152

4.3 Waiting Areas, General Seating, Meeting Rooms and Lounges .............. 155

4.4 Kitchen .................................................................................................. 158

4.5 Acoustic Considerations ........................................................................ 161

4.6 Illumination ........................................................................................... 162


5 Sanitary Facilities ......................................................................................... 166

5.1 Washrooms ........................................................................................... 167

5.2 Showers ................................................................................................. 183


6 Signage, Wayfinding and Communications .................................................. 191

6.1 General Signage and Wayfinding ........................................................... 192

6.2 Room Signage ........................................................................................ 198

6.3 Directory Board and Information Kiosk .................................................. 200

6.4 Communications .................................................................................... 202



7 Emergency Systems ..................................................................................... 205

7.1 Emergency Exit/Refuges ........................................................................ 206

7.2 Fire Alarm Systems and Equipment ....................................................... 208

7.3 Site Evacuation Instructions ................................................................... 209


8 Additional Use of Space ............................................................................... 212

8.1 Workstations ......................................................................................... 213

8.2 Public Assembly ..................................................................................... 214

8.3 Exhibit Space ......................................................................................... 218

8.4 Lodging and Temporary Accommodation .............................................. 219

8.5 Outdoor Recreation ............................................................................... 224

8.6 Cafeterias, Restaurants and Bars ........................................................... 224

8.7 Retail Outlets ......................................................................................... 228

8.8 Playgrounds ........................................................................................... 231

8.9 Fitness Centre ........................................................................................ 233

8.10 Pool .................................................................................................... 234

8.11 Change Room ..................................................................................... 237

8.12 Mail Service ........................................................................................ 239

8.13 Laundry Room .................................................................................... 241

8.14 Storage Facilities ................................................................................. 243

8.15 Viewpoints .......................................................................................... 244

8.16 Visitor Centre and Information Kiosk .................................................. 247

8.17 Picnic Areas ........................................................................................ 249

8.18 Ideas for Innovation............................................................................ 251

9 Residential Units .......................................................................................... 252


9.1 Unit Security and Entry Systems ............................................................ 252

9.2 Unit Entrance or Alternative Accessible Entrance, Entrance to Outdoor

Spaces ............................................................................................................. 253

9.3 Unit Interior Doors................................................................................. 257

9.4 Unit Kitchen ........................................................................................... 259

9.5 Unit Hallways ......................................................................................... 263

9.6 Unit Interior Stairs ................................................................................. 264

9.7 Unit Bedrooms and Closets ................................................................... 268

9.8 Unit Toilet Room.................................................................................... 268

9.9 Unit Showers and Bathtubs ................................................................... 274

9.10 Unit Laundry ....................................................................................... 276

9.11 Unit General Requirements ................................................................ 278


10 Trails and Pathways .................................................................................. 280

10.1 Trails and Pathway Features ............................................................... 280

10.2 Trails and Pathways Exterior Ramp ..................................................... 286

10.3 Trail and Pathway Exterior Stairs ........................................................ 289

10.4 Trail and Pathway Wayfinding and Signage ........................................ 294


Technical Language Glossary ............................................................................. 299

References ......................................................................................................... 312

Introduction Page 9

Introduction

The RHFAC Professional Handbook (“Handbook”) is an essential resource for

RHFAC Professionals. It is meant to assist practitioners in navigating the Rick

Hansen Accessibility Certification™ (RHFAC) Program and to act as a supplement

to the RHFAC Rating Survey (“Rating Survey”).

The Handbook provides detailed guidance for applying the Rating Survey based

on Universal Design considerations. However, it is not intended to be a design

manual. While the Handbook cannot begin to offer a solution for every situation,

it can help an assessor to determine a rating based on typical scenarios.

It includes:

Program Highlights. This includes a summary of key information that will

help assessors navigate the program.

Rating Survey Overview. This provides an overview of the structure,

organization and content of the Rating Survey.

The Rating Survey. This provides detailed guidelines and requirements for

applying the rating system to a site and helps assessors determine a rating

score on a feature-by-feature basis. It also includes a separate section that

explains many of the fundamental or core access requirements that apply

throughout the Rating Survey.

Technical Language Glossary. This section provides a list of key terms and

definitions.

In addition to this Handbook, other related RHFAC resources are as follows:

RHFAC Accessibility Assessor Training Student Guide. This is provided to

students as a textbook for the “RHFAC Accessibility Assessor Training

course”.

Introduction Page 10

RHFAC Guide to Certification. This document is intended for program

participants, such as site owners or facility managers, who are interested in

obtaining a rating for a facility or site. It walks them through the

certification process from start to finish — from determining an

appropriate site or facility and engaging a qualified assessor, to interpreting

the results via the RHFAC Registry hosted by CSA Group.

RHFAC Professional Designation Guide. This document explains the

specific process and requirements for becoming an RHFAC Professional.

Program Highlights Page 11

Program Highlights

What is an RHFAC rating?

An RHFAC rating is a measure of accessibility. It provides a snapshot of the real or

“meaningful” level of accessibility of a site based on an aggregate score. It goes

beyond compliance with site ode and adherence to standards or guidelines and

encourages Universal Design.

Program Focus

The RHFAC focuses on ratings of the built environment and includes the following

areas:

Public Facilities

Commercial and Retail Spaces

Multi-Unit Residential Sites

Recreational Spaces

Trails and Pathways

Related infrastructure (streetscapes, bridges and marine access) will be covered in

future releases of the rating system.

Areas that are currently beyond the scope of the program include single-family

homes and residential camps.

Who would benefit from an RHFAC rating?

An owner, a manager or a tenant of the site who:

Is engaged in a design and construction project: new construction, major

retrofits or conversions, or upgrades of existing facilities.

Is motivated to improve the accessibility of the site.

Wishes to publicly demonstrate their commitment to accessibility.

Wishes to establish a benchmark level of accessibility.


Certification Requirement

In order for a site to be eligible for a rating and certification, it must have a

public entrance and all key functional spaces and amenities must be physically

accessible for everyone.This is mandatory for certification. Moreover, if access is

not provided, it could be viewed as a Human Rights issue.

An RHFAC rating may include elements that are not within the control of the

owner, manager or tenant. For example, a rating for a tenanted space in a mall

would include the closest accessible entrance to the space and route to the

entrance, and closest accessible washrooms to the space and route to the

washrooms. Also, if parking is owned and operated by the municipality, it would

not be included in the rating. However, the rating could still reflect the general

level of access available from transit or vehicular drop-offs. This information

should be noted in the scope of rating.

Certification

RHFAC offers two levels of certification: RHF Accessibility Certified Gold and RHF

Accessibility Certified. The rating score — the total earned score divided by the

total available score and then expressed as a percentage — determines the

certification level.

Ratings can be performed for either existing or proposed facilities. Proposed

facilities are rated during the design phase (prior to construction) and may be

granted pre-construction approval.

Rating Score Certification Level

80%+ RHF Accessibility Certified Gold

Site follows best practices in meaningful access and has

achieved at least 80% on the RHFAC Rating Survey.

60%–79% RHF Accessibility Certified


Site follows best practices in meaningful access and has

achieved at least 60% on the RHFAC Rating Survey.

Below 60% Site does not meet RHFAC requirements for

certification.

Rating and Certification Process Summary

Main Process Participants and Roles

Numerous participants are involved in the RHFAC rating and certification process.

The following is a list of key participants and their respective roles.

Participant Role

Adjudicator An RHFAC-approved adjudicator who conducts a

technical review of the rating submission on the RHFAC

Registry. The adjudicator must approve a rating for the

program participant before they can receive the results

in a rating scorecard.

Assessor The individual who conducts a rating and submits the

results to the RHFAC Registry. Only RHFAC Professionals

are qualified to conduct RHFAC ratings.

Company Primary

Contact (CPC)

The person who is appointed to act on behalf of the

company or organization and who is responsible for

managing activities related to the RHFAC Registry. The

CPC is granted edit permissions in the system, which

allows them to update organization information, to

add/edit/delete users, and to create projects.

CSA (Canadian

Standards

Association) Group

CSA Group hosts the RHFAC Registry. They provide

registration services to help ensure that RHFAC operates

independently while providing transparency to the

public and ensuring accuracy and completeness of

information that is critical to the program’s success. CSA

Group does not perform a technical review. CSA Group


Participant Role

also facilitates administration of the RHFAC Professional

Exam.

Project Primary

Contact (PPC)

The person at the company or organization who is

responsible for managing activities related to a specific

rating project. Any existing Registry system user may

create a project.

Rick Hansen

Foundation (RHF)

Develops and manages the RHFAC Program.

Site owner, manager

or tenant

The owner, manager or tenant of a site that is being

rated.

Documents, Systems and Tools

The following is a list of the documents, systems and tools that support rating and

certification.

Name Description

Rating Survey (document) A resource intended for assessors that

contains the criteria used to assess a site or

facility.

RHFAC Professional Handbook

(document)

A resource intended for assessors that

provides detailed guidance for using the

Rating Survey and applying the appropriate

points.

Ratings Workbook (Excel tool) An Excel spreadsheet used to capture and

analyze initial assessment data.

RHFAC Registry hosted by CSA

Group

https://rhfac.csaregistries.ca/

Online system, hosted by CSA Group, which

manages all certification processes.

https://rhfac.csaregistries.ca/


RHFAC Rating and Certification Process Steps

Below is a list of the key steps that an assessor follows to obtain a rating and

certification for a site. Details regarding the process are available in the Student

Guide.

1. Initiate the rating project

2. Ask the site owner to appoint a Company Primary Contact (CPC)

3. Ask the CPC to register the organization on the online RHFAC Registry

4. Ask the Project Primary Contact (PPC) to register the project for the

organization

5. Conduct a site and/or a plan review

6. Complete the RHFAC rating workbook

7. Submit the RHFAC Rating Survey to the online RHFAC Registry for

adjudication

8. Receive feedback from the RHFAC-approved adjudicator

9. Receive CSA (independent third-party) validation

10. Client obtains certification result

RHFAC Registry Rating System Inputs and Outputs

When an assessor completes a rating of a site, they enter the following

information to the RHFAC Registry:

Individual scores for all relevant features

Supporting comments/rationale

Supporting photos

Key areas (success and improvement)

Once a rating has been approved by the adjudicator and CSA Group, the system

generates the following documents:

Scorecard

Letter of certification


Project Task Checklist

The following is a checklist of the key tasks that an assessor typically performs

once a project has been approved. They pertain to steps 5, 6 and 7 of the

“RHFAC Rating and Certification Process Steps” listed above.

Conduct a Site and/or a Plan Review

Conduct the following preliminary activities, prior to the site review:

Ensure the organization and project are registered on the RHFAC Registry

Confirm the project information recorded on the Registry is correct (site

information, assessor, etc.)

Confirm site rating date and arrangements

Confirm the scope of the rating

Obtain copies of drawings/site plans (if available)

Determine background information about the site

Obtain information from the site operator regarding specific features that

are difficult to observe

Locate/review applicable site code, standards or guidelines

Organize survey tools

Organize safety gear

Confirm on-site safety requirements

Conduct the following activities on-site:

Assess end-users

Look for innovations

Take photos or videos

Take measurements, record preliminary scores, record comments

Note: Variation of the process for drawing review for pre-construction approval.

Instead of photos or videos, the assessor will provide electronic versions of the

drawings.


Complete the RHFAC Rating

Once you have completed gathering all your data from the site review, conduct

the following activities:

Enter the data into the Ratings Workbook (Excel spreadsheet):

o Ensure all rating scores are added for each relevant feature

o Ensure comments/rationale are clear

o Ensure all non-mandatory categories, elements or features that are

not applicable have been removed

Label photos clearly, and group them by category and/or element

Submit RHFAC Rating Survey to Online RHFAC Registry for Adjudication

Once you are satisfied with the rating information and results, enter all your data

into the Registry:

Enter rating scores and comments

Upload photos

Complete Key Areas (Success and Improvement)

Fees

The site owner or manager is charged three separate fees for certification: an

application fee, which is mandatory, assessor fee, and a labelling fee, which is

optional. Certification fees do not include the assessor fee.

1. Application fee (required): This fee is paid to initiate the certification process

on the RHFAC Registry. It includes the operation of the Registry, adjudicator

review, confirmation of certification rating and online Registry posting (as

preferred, which will enable them to publicly post their rating), and a

complimentary electronic label (if applicable).

2. Assessor fee (required): This is the cost of conducting the rating and creating

the report for the Registry. This is not included in the application fee. The

agreement regarding assessor fees is strictly between the assessor and their

client. The Rick Hansen Foundation has no involvement in this area.


Accordingly, it is the responsibility of the assessor to negotiate a rate with

their client and invoice them separately.

Labelling fee (optional): After listing publicly, site owners will be provided the

option to order plaques and window stickers at an additional cost.

Please see www.rickhansen.com/RHFAC for the fee schedule.

Certification Validity

The certification is valid for five years from the date of the adjudication. To

maintain certification within the five-year period, organizations must complete a

short mid-term questionnaire to confirm they have not made any changes that

may affect a site’s accessibility or certification level since it was last rated. All

substantial changes to a site must be declared to RHF. Any declared changes may

be further investigated by RHFAC Professionals and/or RHFAC-approved

adjudicators to determine if the site will continue to meet certification levels. RHF

reserves the right to withdraw certification at its own discretion.

Upon expiry of the RHFAC certification, organizations must reapply to become

RHFAC certified. This process includes having an RHFAC Professional re-rate the

organization’s site and an RHFAC-approved adjudicator confirm that the rating

meets the latest certification level.

http://www.rickhansen.com/RHFAC

Rating Survey Overview Page 19

Rating Survey Overview

Categories, Elements and Features

As shown in the following diagram, the Rating Survey is based on a hierarchical

relationship between categories, elements and features, each of which is defined

below.

Category: Vehicular Access

Building Element:Parking

Features & Maximum Points: Number of designated spaces (5 points) Dimensions of Designated Spaces (5 points) Surface is level, stable, firm, slip-resistant (5 points) Clear signage (3 points) Safe and direct access to pedestrian pathway (3 points) Curb ramps (if level change) (5 points) Clearly marked pedestrian route and crossings (3 points) Height clearance (4 points) Well-illuminated (3 points) Shelter for designated spaces (2 points) Ticket dispensers/paying machines convenient/accessible (4 points)

Figure 1: Hierarchy of Rating Survey components

Category

The Rating Survey is organized into 10 categories. Categories are simply the key

areas or systems that directly impact a site’s level of meaningful access.

Element

Each category contains a series of related key elements, which are the main areas

of assessment for the category.


Figure 2: Example of a category and its elements (from Ratings Workbook)

Feature

Each element contains a series of individual features that directly contribute to

the overall accessibility of the related element. For example, “level, stable, firm

and slip resistant” and “clear signage” are two important features that greatly

influence a parking area’s level of accessibility.

An assessor will evaluate each relevant feature in terms of its level of access and

assign it a point value or “earned score”, ranging from zero (0) to the maximum

number of “available” points for that feature, based on a standardized point

system. Features and elements that are deemed more important are designated

with more available points.

Exception: General Vehicular Access — up to 10 points may be awarded to the

“Passenger Drop-off” and “Public Transit” features.

Ideas for Innovation:

This is a catch-all area that allows an assessor to award additional points or

“bonus points” for innovative features identified for a particular element. It

recognizes ongoing innovation within the broad area of Universal Design.

As points for innovation are considered bonus points, they are only

included in the earned points total. They are not added to the total

Categories and Elements Earned Available Max Points

1.0 Vehicular Access 21 34 62

1.1 Parking 21 34 42

1.2 General Vehicular Access 0 0 20

Innovation 0

2.0 Exterior Area and Approach 82 114 161

2.1 Exterior Pathways 26 32 45

2.2 Exterior Ramps 0 0 30

2.3 Exterior Stairs 24 38 42

2.4 Main Entrance or Alternative Accessible Entrance 32 44 44

Innovation 0

Category

Elements


available points. Thus, this is a quick and effective way for an assessor to

help a site increase the value of their overall rating.

Figure 3: Example of features (from Ratings Workbook)

Scorecard The scorecard displays the final results of the rating and is automatically

generated by the system (both the Rating Workbook and CSA Registry generate a

scorecard). It displays:

An overall score for each element, based on the sum of all individual

feature scores

An overall score for each category, based on the sum of all element scores.

The final rating score and level of certification, based on the sum of all

category scores

Total

Points

Total

Avail.

1. Vehicular Access 34 54

Total required for each level 32 43

Note: For any categories/elements that are not applicable, change available points total to "0" for all relevant elements.

AC ACG

20 27

1.1 Parking Score 21 34 41

Earned Avai l . Max.

1.1.1 Number of designated spaces 5 5 5 Mandatory

1.1.2 Dimensions of designated spaces for expected vehicles 5 5 5 Mandatory

1.1.3 Surface is level, stable, firm and slip resistant 5 5 5 Mandatory

1.1.4 Clear signage 3 3 3 Mandatory

1.1.5 Safe and direct access to pedestrian pathway 0 3 3 Mandatory

1.1.6Curb ramps (if level change en route to exterior

pathway)3 5 5 Applicable or N/A

1.1.7Clearly marked pedestrian route and crossings (if in path

of traffic)0 3 3 Applicable or N/A

1.1.8 Height clearance (if sheltered or parkade) 0 4 Applicable or N/A

1.1.9 Well illuminated (if site expected to be lit) 0 3 3 Applicable or N/A

1.1.10 Shelter for designated spaces (if outdoor parking) 0 2 2 Applicable or N/A

1.1.11Ticket dispensers or paying machines convenient and

accessible (if paid parking) 0 3 Applicable or N/A

Features


The system performs the following calculations and rolls up the totals by element,

category and site:

Rating score = total “earned” points (including points for innovation)

Required total points for each certification level

= (total “available” points) x (weighting factors),

where weighting factors are 0.60 for AC and 0.80 for ACG

Figure 4: Example of a scorecard (from Ratings Workbook)

Rating ScorecardFinal Rating Score 66% RHF Accessibility Certified

Accessibility Certified (AC), Accessibility Certified Gold (ACG) AC ACG

Final Rating Score Required 60% 80%

Total Earned Points Required 424 565

Total Points 469 706 1795

Categories and Elements Earned Available Max. Points

1.0 Vehicular Access 34 54 61

1.1 Parking 21 34 41

1.2 General Vehicular Access 13 20 20

1.I Innovation 0

2.0 Exterior Approach and Entrance 106 137 188

2.1 Exterior Pathways to Facilities on Site 37 45 45

2.2 Exterior Ramps 0 0 34

2.3 Exterior Stairs 28 38 42

2.4 Main Entrance or Alternative Accessible Entrance 41 54 67

2.I Innovation 0

3.0 Interior Circulation 109 170 276

3.1 Interior Doors and Doorways (not including Sanitary Facilities) 31 40 59

3.2 Path of Travel 17 19 19

3.3 Corridors and Hallways 18 19 26

3.4 Interior Ramps 0 0 33

3.5 Elevators 43 55 58

3.6 Interior Stairs 0 37 37

3.7 Escalators and Moving Walkways 0 0 12

3.8 Vertical Platform Lifts 0 0 32

3.I Innovation 0

4.0 Interior Services and Environment 69 88 134


List of Categories and Elements

The table below provides a list of all rating system categories and related

elements.

Category Elements

1. Vehicular Access 1.1 Parking

1.2 General Vehicular Access

2. Exterior Approach

and Entrance

2.1 Exterior Pathways to Facilities on Site

2.2 Exterior Ramps

2.3 Exterior Stairs

2.4 Main Entrance or Alternative Accessible Entrance

3. Interior

Circulation

3.1 Interior Doors and Doorways (not including Sanitary

Facilities)

3.2 Path of Travel

3.3 Corridors and Hallways

3.4 Interior Ramps

3.5 Elevators

3.6 Interior Stairs

3.7 Escalators and Moving Walkways

3.8 Vertical Platform Lifts

4. Interior Services

and Environment

4.1 Lobby and Reception Area

4.2 Reception Desks and Service Counters

4.3 Waiting Areas, General Seating, Meeting Rooms and

Lounges

4.4 Kitchen

4.5 Acoustic Considerations

4.6 Illumination

5. Sanitary Facilities 5.1 Washrooms

5.2 Showers

6. Signage,

Wayfinding and

Communications

6.1 General Signage and Wayfinding

6.2 Room Signage

6.3 Directory Board and Information Kiosk

6.4 Communications


Category Elements

7. Emergency

Systems

7.1 Emergency Exit/Refuges

7.2 Fire Alarm Systems and Equipment

7.3 Site Evacuation Instructions

8. Additional Use of

Space

8.1 Workstations

8.2 Public Assembly

8.3 Exhibit Space

8.4 Lodging and Temporary Accommodation

8.5 Outdoor Recreation

8.6 Cafeterias, Restaurants and Bars

8.7 Retail Outlets

8.8 Playgrounds

8.9 Fitness Centre

8.10 Pool

8.11 Change Room

8.12 Mail Service

8.13 Laundry Room

8.14 Storage Facilities

8.15 Viewpoints

8.16 Visitor Centre and Information Kiosk

8.17 Picnic Areas

9. Residential Units 9.1 Unit Security and Entry Systems

9.2 Unit Entrance or Alternative Accessible Entrance,

Entrance to Outdoor Spaces

9.3 Unit Interior Doors

9.4 Unit Kitchen

9.5 Unit Hallways

9.6 Unit Interior Stairs

9.7 Unit Bedrooms and Closets

9.8 Unit Toilet Room

9.9 Unit Showers and Bathtubs

9.10 Unit Laundry


Category Elements

9.11 Unit General Requirements

10. Trails and

Pathways

10.1 Trail/Pathway Features

10.2 Trail/Pathway Exterior Ramp

10.3 Trail/Pathway Exterior Stairs

10.4 Trail/Pathway Wayfinding and Signage

The Rating Survey

Overview This section provides detailed guidelines for applying the Rating Survey to a site

and helps assessors determine a rating score on a feature-by-feature basis. It

begins with a discussion about fundamental requirements, followed by key

information and criteria related to each Rating Survey category.

Fundamental Requirements

The Fundamental Requirements subsection consolidates and explains many of the

fundamental or core access features and requirements that apply throughout the

Rating Survey. It provides a single source of information for assessors. Thus,

whenever these core features or requirements appear in the Rating Survey,

assessors are instructed to refer to this section.

Rating Survey Categories

The remaining subsections (Vehicular Access, Exterior Approach and Entrance,

etc.) correspond to the specific categories of the Rating Survey itself, including the

elements and features. They are meant as a supplement to the Rating Survey to

provide scope, context and criteria and to guide assessors as they assign points to

a site and determine a rating. Each category subsection includes the following

information:

The Rating Survey Page 26

A summary table that lists each of the elements pertaining to the category,

along with the corresponding maximum available scores.

An overall description of the category as well as its related elements. This is

intended to provide context and to help define the scope for a rating.

A table corresponding to each element, including a list of all of its related

features. For each feature, the table indicates the maximum available

points (Max. Points column), whether the feature is mandatory (indicated

by a check mark), and a list of relevant rating criteria.

Using the Rating Criteria The rating criteria provide assessors with a list of specific characteristics to look

for when assigning points to a feature.

IMPORTANT: It is not expected that all of the items on the list will apply to every

situation — there is no one-to-one correlation between the earned points and the

list of requirements. It is not a checklist! The assessor is responsible for applying

their own judgement, based on the unique characteristics of the site, together

with the criteria outlined in this handbook and relevant Universal Design

standards. The ultimate goal is to determine the level of meaningful access based

on the nature of the site and who is using it.

Rating criteria are grouped as follows:

Minimum requirements Indicators or characteristics of a basic level of

accessibility for a feature.

For a feature to earn points, some, but not all,

must be present.

Maximum points Indicators or characteristics of a high level of

accessibility or meaningful access for a feature.

For a feature to earn maximum points, some, but

not all, need to be present.

Minimum/maximum

requirements

Indicators or characteristics of accessibility that

have an equivalent impact.


For a feature to earn points, some, but not all,

must be present.

How to Assign Points to a Feature: an Example

The example provided below illustrates how to use the handbook criteria to

assign points to a feature.

The Scenario:

You have been asked to rate two community centres, Centre A and Centre B,

which are located in different parts of the city. The older of the two facilities,

Centre A, is located in the downtown core, while Centre B, the younger facility, is

located in a new suburb that was built within the past 10 years.

Many of the people who use Centre A have been going there for a number of

years, and they come from all over the city. While these include some young

families, the majority of people are over 50, as the centre offers some excellent

seniors’ programs.

Centre B caters to local residents, who are primarily young families with children.

Often, the grandparents will accompany the children to their activities.

The parking facilities for both community centres are virtually identical, as the

parking lot at Centre A was recently upgraded to meet CSA standards. Both have

an outdoor lot that will accommodate up to 100 vehicles, including four

designated wide parking spaces and eight limited mobility parking spaces.

During busy times, however, the demand for accessible parking at Centre A often

exceeds the number of designated spots available. But, parking is usually available

in the limited mobility spots. There is some street parking available too, but no

spaces are designated.


While designated spaces are sometimes in short supply at Community Centre B,

people are able to find appropriate parking most of the time.

Based on the above scenario, how many points would you assign to each site for

the “Number of Designated Spaces” feature of the “Parking” element? Please

provide your rationale.

Recommended score and rationale:

Community Centre A Community Centre B

The parking lot meets minimum

requirements only.

Score: 3 out of 5 points

The parking lot meets the needs

of its users (provides meaningful

access) most of the time.

Score: 4 out of 5 points

Rationale:

The number of spaces provided is in

accordance with CSA standards (a

parking lot with 100 spaces requires 2-4

designated wide parking spaces and 4-8

limited mobility parking spaces).

But, this is often insufficient to meet the

needs of the users. During busy times,

there are not enough designated parking

spaces to meet the demand.

Rationale:

The number of spaces provided is

in accordance with CSA standards.

And, most of the time this meets

the needs of the users.

Key Points

While this scenario helps assessors understand how to assign points to a feature,

it also illustrates the important concept of meaningful access: given the same

feature, what constitutes meaningful access at one facility (Centre B) only

represents minimum requirements at another (Centre A). When rating a site,

assessors must always focus on whether the site provides meaningful access to

the people who are using the facility. Remember, we are not the code police. You


are identifying the overall level of accessibility for the expected user group — not

simply reporting on code minimum compliance.


Fundamental Requirements There are some features or key measures of accessibility that are fundamental to

accessibility, and as such, they are common across multiple categories in the

Rating Survey. These have been consolidated in the sections below to provide a

single source of information about these features and to eliminate repetition.

Space and Clearance

Turning Space (Radius)

People using wheeled mobility devices rely on ample turning space to navigate

their environment. This is the minimum floor space required for performing a

complete 360-degree turn. The term radius is used, as turning space is based on a

pivot point. However, the turning space actually equates to the diameter.

Refer to CSA B651-12, 4.1 Area allowances, p. 9-11, for additional details.

Figure 5: Minimum turning radius for a manual wheelchair (measurements in mm)

MINIMUM TURNING RADIUS FOR A

MANUAL WHEELCHAIR

1500 MINIMUM


Figure 6: Minimum turning radius for a power wheelchair (measurements in mm)

Figure 7: Minimum turning radius for a large scooter (measurements in mm)


POWER WHEELCHAIR

2250 MINIMUM


LARGE SCOOTER

3150 MINIMUM


Clear Width

While site code requires a barrier-free path of travel to have a clear width of at

least 920 mm and doorways along a barrier-free path of travel to have a minimum

clear width of 800 mm clear width, this is minimal. People using wheeled mobility

devices, service animals or crutches must be able to easily pass through doorways

and navigate along pathways often require more space to navigate comfortably.

Typical clear width (crutches):

To accommodate the wide angle of a pair of crutches, a minimum clear

width of 900 to 950 mm is recommended.

Figure 8: Typical clear width for a person using crutches (measurements in mm)

Typical clear width (service animal):


To accommodate a person using a wheeled mobility device who is

accompanied by a service animal, a minimum clear width of 1,200 mm is

recommended.

Figure 9: Typical clear width for a person using a wheeled mobility device and accompanied by a service animal (measurements in mm)

Forward and Lateral Reach

People using wheeled mobility devices must be able to reach both forward and

laterally (sideways) from a seated position to access controls, handles, objects,

etc. Here are some guidelines for assessing reach:


Forward reach without obstruction:

Where there is no obstruction present, a person in a wheelchair can

typically reach forward through a vertical range of 400 mm AFF (low

forward reach) to 1,200 mm AFF (high forward reach). [Note: AFF = above

the finished floor.]

Figure 10: Forward reach without obstruction (measurements in mm)

Lateral (side) reach without an obstruction:

Where there is no obstruction present, a person in a wheelchair typically

has a lateral (sideways) reach through a vertical range of 250 mm AFF

(minimum) to 1,200 mm AFF (maximum).

1200

MAX

400

MIN

FORWARD REACH WITHOUT OBSTRUCTION


Figure 11: Side reach without obstruction (measurements in mm)

Forward reach over an obstruction (obstructed high forward reach):

The maximum forward reach depth over an obstruction is 600 mm (touch

reach). To allow someone to comfortably reach over an obstruction, clear

knee space below must be provided. To enable maximum reach, the

horizontal knee space should be at least equal to the required reach depth

over the obstruction. The greater the knee space, the greater the reach

depth.

Note: to provide adequate vertical knee space, the recommended height of

a counter or table is 865 mm AFF. Please refer to the “Counter Clearances”

section below.

The maximum forward reach height over an obstruction is 1100 mm AFF.


Figure 12: Forward reach over obstruction (measurements in mm)

Lateral reach over an obstruction:

The maximum lateral reach depth over an obstruction is 600 mm (touch

reach)

The height of an obstruction should be no greater than 860 mm AFF.

Exception: washing machines and dryers may be 915 mm AFF.

The maximum lateral reach height over an obstruction is 1,200 mm AFF.

SIDE REACH OVER OBSTRUCTION

600 MAX

TOUCH REACH500 MAX

GRASP REACH

1200

MAX860

MAX

1100

MAX

600 MAX

TOUCH REACH500 MAX

GRASP REACH

FORWARD REACH OVER OBSTRUCTION


Figure 13: Side reach with obstruction (measurements in mm)

Counter clearances:

The recommended counter height for a person seated in a wheelchair is

865 mm AFF. This provides adequate vertical knee space, as well as

clearance for wheelchair armrests, which are typically placed at a height of

760 mm.

The recommended dimensions for clear floor space are 760-800 mm

(minimum) length x 1200 mm depth, including 480 mm depth for knee

space under the counter.

Figure 14: Seating at tables and counters – front access (measurements in mm)


Clearance from Protruding Objects

People who are blind or have low vision often use walls to provide wayfinding

clues, and they rely on consistency when navigating the built environment.

Objects mounted on walls, columns, or other features along a circulation path

represent potential hazards. When conducting a rating, an assessor must be

aware of whether items along a hallway or pathway are cane detectable. The

following are the key criteria:

Overhead (vertical) clearance above a path of travel: objects must be placed at

least 2,050 mm above a floor or surface.

Horizontal projection into a path of travel: objects may not project into the

path of travel by more than 100 mm.

Position of lower edge of obstruction: the lower edge of an object cannot be

higher than 680 mm above a floor or surface.

Refer to CSA B651-12, 4.4 Protrusion hazards, p. 26-28, for additional details.

Figure 15: Dimensions of limits of protruding objects (measurements in mm)

OB

ST

RU

CT

ION

CANE DETECTS OBSTRUCTION

GREATER

THAN 100

680

MAX

(B)

LIMITS OF PROTRUDING OBJECTS

OB

ST

RU

CT

ION

SIGN

2050 MIN

CANE DETECTS WALL

(A)

100 MAX


Figure 16: Cane detectable examples (measurements in mm)

Height of Controls

One important consideration concerns the height of electrical outlets, light

switches and other controls. Controls are typically mounted in two different

locations: 1) at a height of 1,200 mm for switches and controls that require a

person in a wheelchair to reach up, and 2) at a height of 300 mm to 400 mm for

electrical outlets and data ports that require everyone to bend down.

Refer to CSA B651-12, 4.2 Operating controls, p. 12-13, for additional details.

However, to meet the requirements of a generally aging population, including its

workforce, electrical outlets and data ports should be located 480 mm above the

finished floor — higher than typical installation heights. Light switches and other


controls should be mounted at 1,066 mm above the finished floor — lower than

the typical installation height. As these dimensions are approximately 152 mm (6

in.) higher or lower, respectively, than current practice, this amendment is

commonly referred to as the “six-inch rule”.

Note: When an assessor is rating an existing site, they may award full points for

meeting the standard installation requirements. However, when they are rating a

proposed facility, then they should apply the “six-inch rule”.

Figure 17: Recommended height of operational controls based on six-inch rule (measurements in mm)

Slope and Level Change

Slope, a measure of steepness, has an important influence on accessibility. The

steeper the terrain, the more difficult it is for people using wheeled mobility

devices or with mobility/balance challenges to navigate it. Cross-slope

compounds this challenge even further, as it requires people exerting extra

VENDING MACHINE

THERMOSTAT

LIGHT

SWITCH

480

TICKET

MACHINE

1,066

HEIGHT OF OPERATION CONTROL: “six-inch rule”


energy to remain balanced and stable, in addition to the energy needed to ascend

or descend a slope.

There are three different ways to express slope: gradient, percentage and

degrees:

Slope gradient is written as Y:X, also known as “rise over run”. For example,

the recommended maximum gradient for a ramp is 1:20 based on Universal

Design standards.

Slope percentage is calculated by converting the gradient to a percentage.

A gradient of 1:20 is the same as a 5% slope.

Slope in degrees is calculated using trigonometry. A 1:20 gradient is the

same as a slope of 2.86°. Online conversion tables are readily available to

perform conversion calculations for you.

In terms of RHFAC ratings, slope pertains specifically to interior and exterior

ramps and pathways. The greater the slope, the greater the risk of falling from

mobility devices when descending. Wheelchair users may also find it difficult to

control their downhill speed. When ascending a steep slope, they may tip

backward or simply lack the physical strength to overcome the slope. People

using walking aids and those without assistive devices who are experiencing age-

related strength, agility and/or balance challenges can find even code-minimum

ramps difficult to use.

SLOPE

Minimum requirements:

Has a running slope of 8.3% (1:12) or less (as per site code and CSA B651-12)

Ensures the cross-slope on exterior pathways or ramps is 2% (1:50) to allow for proper drainage

In steeper terrain, has exterior ramps instead of pathways

Refer to CSA B651-12, 4.3.2 Changes in Level, p. 16-17, for additional details.


SLOPE

Maximum points:

Has a running slope of 5% (1:20) or less

Ensures gradient is constant and consistent; ensures ramps with two or more consecutive slopes are of the same gradient; between landings, the gradient of ramps should be the same

Figure 18: Changes in level (measurements in mm)

Surfaces

Surfaces are an important measure of accessibility for parking areas, exterior

pathways, interior and exterior ramps and stairs, lobby and reception area floors,

showers, playgrounds, and pools. Accessible surfaces should be level, stable, firm

and slip resistant. Tactile walking surface indicators are important in many

situations, as they identify hazards or provide guidance for people who are blind

or have low vision.

RUN

RISE OVER 13

CHANGE IN LEVEL

GREATER THAN 13

NOT STEEPER THAN 1:12 (8.33%)

(Ratio of Rise to Run)

(C)

CHANGE IN LEVEL

RUN

RISE

7 -13CHANGE IN LEVEL

7-13

BEVELLED BUT NOT STEEPER THAN

1:2 (50%) (Ratio of Rise to Run)

(B)

RISE

6 OR LESS

CHANGE IN LEVEL UP TO 6

MAY BE VERTICAL

(A)


SURFACES

Level, stable, firm and slip resistant


General (all types of facilities):

Ensures minimal slope/gradient, free of level changes; variations in slope, such as grade breaks within runs, can disrupt wheelchair travel

Has a stable, firm surface that resists movement

Has appropriate type of surface material for designated use and location (interior, exterior, climate/weather conditions). For exterior surfaces:

o Uses types of suitable exterior surface materials, including pavement (asphalt), concrete, stone, timber, brick/paving and grass

o Avoids using loose materials, such as sand, gravel, or woodchips, or rough/irregular materials, such as cobble stones

Ensures an even surface with minimal irregularities to reduce potential for water accumulation, which can create a slippery surface

Ensures there are minimal gaps, joints or breaks in the surface, which present tripping hazards; any gaps should run perpendicular to the direction of movement

Ensures all surfaces are non-glare and have non-slip textured finishes, as polished surfaces cause glare and can be slippery

Vehicular access areas:

Allows for safe exit from vehicle and transfer to mobility device Ramps:

Uses types of suitable exterior ramp surface materials, including pavement (asphalt), concrete and timber

Uses types of suitable interior ramp surface materials, including concrete, carpeted floor (low pile), and non-slip laminate

Stairs:

Ensures stairs are in good condition with no damage or settlement

Ensures carpeting is not used continuously over the nosing and throughout the flight of stairs; carpeting may be used only on the tread (top of stair), as


SURFACES

Level, stable, firm and slip resistant

it causes definition of the individual step to disappear and creates a tripping hazard

Showers:

Are on a level floor with integral floor drain (minimal slope for drainage); trench or channel drains are recommended

Has matte-finish, slip-resistant flooring

Has no sharp edges or trims

Maximum points:


Has an even, continuous surface

Has a textured, slip-resistant finish for both wet and dry conditions Pathways:

Is constructed of porous concrete to eliminate pooling of water

Tactile Surfaces

The Canadian National Institute for the Blind (CNIB) defines tactile surfaces in the

document “Clearing our Path”:1

Tactile Warning Surface Indicators or TWSIs, (also known as detectable

warning surfaces or tactile attention indicators) are standardized walking

surfaces that convey information to people with vision loss through texture and

contrast. TWSIs should have a texture that can be felt underfoot and detected

by a long cane. Their edges should be bevelled to decrease the likelihood of

tripping.

There are two types of TWSIs:

1 CNIB “Clearing our Path”. Retrieved from http://www.clearingourpath.ca/3.3.1-attention-twsi_e.php

http://www.clearingourpath.ca/3.3.1-attention-twsi_e.php


• Attention TWSIs (Tactile Attention Indicators) — sometimes called

warning TWSIs — call attention to key hazards such as the start of a

staircase or the edge of a platform. These are normally truncated domes

set into the path of travel. Attention TWSIs provide critical safety

information to everyone at potentially dangerous locations, and particularly

to people who are blind or have low vision. They should only be used to

identify potential hazards. It’s important to provide consistent safety

information so that people who are blind or have low vision will recognize

potentially dangerous situations in any town or province.

• Guidance TWSIs (Tactile Directional Indicators) — also known as

wayfinding TWSIs — provide information about the direction of travel

through open spaces. They are designed to guide a person on a designated

path of travel. A guidance TWSI consists of elongated, colour-contrasted

bars arranged in a linear pattern.

Refer to CSA B651-12, 4.3.5 Tactile walking indicator surfaces, p. 17-25, for

additional details.

Figure 19: Examples of Guidance TWSIs

http://www.clearingourpath.ca/3.3.1-attention-twsi_e.php

http://www.clearingourpath.ca/3.3.2-guidance-twsi_e.php


Visual Contrast

Using visual or colour contrast between surfaces to highlight objects and features

has a significant effect on accessibility. Many people, not just those who are blind

or have low vision, have difficulty navigating the built environment when the

visual contrast is low. Walls, floors, or other large fields of tile or colour should

include high-contrast surfaces and areas to help with depth perception, to assist

in wayfinding, to identify potential obstacles, and to minimize vertigo.

Tonal contrast is, basically, dark versus light. A tonal contrast of 70% is the goal

for identifying hazards. A difference in tonal contrast of less than 40% is not

visible to most people with low vision.

Here are some examples of where high visual contrast should be provided:

Doors and door frames, with the surrounding wall surfaces and floors

Elevator doors, with the adjacent wall

Nosing on stairs, with the treads

Handrails, with the surrounding surfaces

Ramp surfaces, with landing surfaces

Furniture, fixtures, counters, doors, cupboard door hardware, cupboard doors,

and appliances, with the surrounding areas

When considering contrasting colours, it is important to recognize that people

who are colour-blind have difficulty distinguishing between red/green or

blue/green colour combinations. Accordingly, these combinations should be

avoided.


Figure 20: Example of visual contrast between handrail and stairs

Illumination and Lighting

Illumination is an important measure of accessibility for a range of interior and

exterior facilities — from parking, exterior pathways and ramps, to site entrances,

hallways, elevators and interior stairs.

While proper lighting helps everyone, it is particularly important for people with

low vision or for anyone who has difficulty making out surroundings when they

are too bright or too dark. Good illumination enables people to move safely and

independently around the built environment and aids them with perception of

space, colour and texture. It also helps people identify features and signage.

Appropriate lighting depends on the nature and use of the particular space.

Lighting should be positioned such that it minimizes glare, reflection, or shadows.

Glare can cause confusion or disorientation, and shadows reduce visibility or

create false impressions, which can create potential tripping hazards.

Interior Lighting


Interior lighting includes all sources of natural and artificial light, including

windows, skylights, glazed doors, glazed walls and light fixtures. Flexibility within

lighting design, such as provision of local lighting and task lighting, enables people

to control their own lighting levels. Passive infrared sensors can also be used to

increase light levels automatically. It is important to note that some fluorescent

lights cause interference with hearing enhancement equipment.

The National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO) provides a list of common

recommended interior light levels. For example, the recommended light level for

normal office work is 500 lux, and the level recommended for public areas with

dark surroundings is 20 to 50 lux.2

Characteristics that help to ensure an accessible interior environment include:

Illuminating key areas and features, including using task lighting and using

light or pastel-coloured walls and window frames to increase the amount of

light being reflected into a room; dark surfaces absorb light and should be

avoided

Illuminating ramp and stairway surfaces so they can be used safely at any

time

Distributing light evenly throughout rooms and circulation areas

Positioning lights in elevators carefully to provide even distribution of light

and to avoid potential for glare and shadows; using indirect lighting via

ceiling panels or something similar to diffuse light evenly throughout the

interior is preferred; avoid positioning lights adjacent to the control panel,

as they may impede visibility and make it harder to see

Minimizing glare or reflection by using matte finishes, low-gloss varnish,

non-reflective glass, and window blinds or shades, and by avoiding

mirrored surfaces

2 National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO) Recommended Light levels. Retrieved from:

https://www.noao.edu/education/QLTkit/ACTIVITY_Documents/Safety/LightLevels_outdoor+indoor.pdf

https://www.noao.edu/education/QLTkit/ACTIVITY_Documents/Safety/LightLevels_outdoor+indoor.pdf


Using lighting that minimizes the creation of shadows on walls and floors

Exterior Lighting

Exterior lighting is important for security and safety and helps to ensure people

can read signs and directions. Good lighting is critical at site approaches and

entrances, and along access routes, including parking areas, pathways, ramps and

stairs.

Characteristics that help to ensure an accessible exterior environment include:

Providing lighting to steps and ramps that clearly highlight the tread and

riser surfaces of the steps, and the slopes of the ramps

Ensuring lights do not cast shadows on steps or ramps, as shadows can

mask a change in level, presenting a potential tripping hazard

Positioning low-level recessed lights so only the light, and not the light

source, is visible; exposure of the light source can create glare

Ensuring no sudden contrasts in lighting levels, such as at front entrances

where people need to make the transition between outdoor and indoor

lighting; abrupt changes in light levels can cause discomfort for some

people

Ensuring floodlights are not used, as they create glare

ILLUMINATION AND LIGHTING



Provides adequate lighting for the nature and use of the space

Ensures lighting illuminates key areas and features

Ensures, where indoor and outdoor areas connect, there are no abrupt changes in lighting levels

Interior Lighting:



Ensures light is evenly distributed throughout rooms and circulation areas

Ensures surfaces minimize any glare or reflection

Ensures lighting minimizes the creation of shadows on walls and floors

Elevators:

Maintains lighting levels inside the car at ambient hallway light levels and provides even, flicker-free light

Exterior Lighting:

Ensures there is no sudden contrast between brightly lit areas or bright sunlight and dimly lit or shaded areas

Provides even light distribution at ground level and minimizes lights presenting a source of glare or creating pools of light and areas of shadow

Ensures space can be used safely after dark

Ensures steps and stairs are lit by low-level fixtures to highlight the tread and riser surface

Positions lighting to adequately illuminate any ramp and landing surfaces and to highlight changes in slope

Positions lighting to adequately illuminate the entrance and any adjacent landing surfaces or stairs

Maximum points:


Uses photoluminescence (glow-in-the-dark) treatments on fixtures (e.g., any obstacles, features or stairs)

Interior Lighting:

Has generally higher light levels (e.g., 25% higher than standard)

Exterior Lighting:

Has fixtures shielding light sources and casting indirect light



Has fixtures mounted below eye level used in addition to standard lighting to provide better definition of ground surfaces

Handrails

This element is an important measure of accessibility for interior and exterior

ramps and stairs, hallways, elevators, and pools.

Refer to CSA B651-12, 5.4.4 Stair handrails, p. 67-71, and 5.5.8 Ramp handrails, p.

78-79, for additional details.

HANDRAILS



Provides handrails on both sides of a ramp or stairs

For a wide staircase, provides one or more intermediate handrails

Ensures handrails are continuous through the length of stairs, ramps, hallways or passageways, except where interrupted by other paths of travel or by doorways; people who are blind or have low vision rely on handrails to guide them in negotiating ramps, stairs, hallways or passageways, while people with mobility disabilities rely on them for stability

Provides horizontal handrail extensions at the top and bottom of all ramps and stairs to provide support and orientation for people as they move between the ramp or stairs and a level surface and vice versa; extensions should be turned down or sideways and returned to post, floor or wall to prevent handbags, pockets, etc. from getting caught, with a consistent method used throughout the facility

Ensures extensions are not required where they would project into another path of travel


HANDRAILS

Has fixed support brackets on underside that don’t interfere with a person running their hand along the length

Ensures sufficient clearance exists between handrail and wall

Ensures the handrail does not project into a clear area and does not exceed maximum allowed

Ensures the handrail size (diameter) facilitates grip, with a smooth, round design free of any sharp, abrasive elements

Is securely attached and supports enough weight for its intended use

Ensures a consistent, accessible height along its run;

Allows people with lower eye level, such as children, little people, or people of short stature, to see and be seen through the railings

Prevents people and dogs from walking underneath

Contrasts visually with surrounding surfaces

Maximum points:


Offers parallel lower handrail for people of different heights, including children, little people, or people of short stature

Ensures sufficiently long horizontal handrail extensions, bringing the handrail to the same consistent height above the floor as it is above the stair treads or ramp (for stairs, this is one tread width past the bottom riser)

Exterior Ramps or Stairs:

Is constructed of materials of low thermal conductivity that do not become too cold or hot to the touch, with preferred materials including wood or plastic-coated steel, or stainless steel


Figure 21: Handrail extensions (measurements are in mm)

680 MAX

860 - 920

300 MIN

860 - 920

ONE TREAD

DEPTH

HANDRAIL EXTENSION

AT BOTTOM OF STAIRS

680 MAX

300 MIN

860 - 920

300 MIN

860 - 920

HANDRAIL EXTENSION AT TOP OF STAIRS


Figure 22: Handrail shape and size (measurements are in mm)

Standard Sizes

Doors

Door Standard Door Width Clear Width

(Door Depth = 2″/50.8 mm)

Imperial Metric Imperial Metric

Universal 36″ 920 mm 34″ 865 mm

Public Standard (old) 32″ 815 mm 30″ 762 mm

Public Standard (new) 34″ 865 mm 32″ 815 mm

Counters

Counter Standard Counter Height (AFF)

Imperial Metric

Universal 34″ 865 mm

Public Standard 36″ 920 mm

Standing Counter 42″ 1,066 mm

30 - 4035 - 45

HANDRAIL SHAPE

Vehicular Access Page 55

1 Vehicular Access

The table below displays the site elements used to measure accessibility for this

category, the corresponding maximum score available for each, and the category

total.

Site Element Maximum Score

1.1 Parking 41

1.2 General Vehicular Access 20

Total Maximum Score 61

Description

People may get to a site by driving, taking a taxi or transit, walking, or cycling.

Vehicular access refers to main access points serving people who arrive at a site

by either motor vehicle or transit — in particular, parking, passenger drop-off and

pickup zones, and transit stops. These access points need to be safe and

convenient for all the facility’s intended users.

In general, while only elements within the site owner’s or site manager’s control

are included in a project’s rating assessment, the availability of appropriate

parking facilities and public transit has a significant impact on a site’s level of

overall accessibility and can influence the rating assessment.

Facilities providing adequate parking, passenger zones and nearby transit stops

make locations more usable, safe and attractive for people of all abilities. In some

cases, it makes the difference as to whether people can participate in sporting

and cultural events, or enjoy shopping, restaurants and other activities.

Refer to CSA B651-12, 9 Vehicular Access, p. 193-207, for additional details.


1.1 Parking

In general, parking should be accessible, easy to use, and sufficient enough to

support the needs of all intended users of a site.

Here are some general guidelines to follow when reviewing the accessibility of

parking lots:

If on-site parking, including parking lots and garages, is provided, people

with disabilities require direct access to designated accessible parking

spaces. The number, location, size and characteristics of designated

accessible spaces depend on the size and intended use of the facility,

together with the expected demand for accessible parking.

Priority must always be given to designated spaces for people with

disabilities. Courtesy or limited mobility parking spaces may be provided to

accommodate people who require easy access to a site, such as parents

with strollers or people who are unable to walk long distances due to a

medical condition or temporary injury.

If a facility relies on off-site parking over which they have no control, such

as street parking or parking in municipal or private lots, then “Parking”

should be excluded from the assessment. These facilities should provide

adequate passenger drop-off and loading areas to allow those travelling by

motor vehicle to have safe and direct access to a site.

Basic requirements for accessible parking include:

o the number and size of spaces

o vertical clearance for vans

o parking surfaces

o connection to accessible routes

o identification and signage

o accessible ticket machines (if applicable)

o protection from the elements

o illumination


1.1 PARKING

Maximum Score: 41 Points

Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

1.1.1 Number of designated spaces 5 Minimum requirements:

Provides total number of designated accessible

parking spaces for standard cars and vans

following current CSA standards.

Maximum points:

Provides additional designated parking spaces for

people with disabilities

Where parking serves multiple entrances to a site

or trail, disperses accessible spaces among

accessible entrances

Provides adequate number of designated

accessible parking at specific entrances to meet

the needs of all users of the facility (e.g. medical

facilities, community centres and trails or

pathways used by seniors, and adaptable sports

programs will need more accessible parking than

CSA standard)

In residential facilities, provides guest parking

with accessible spaces designated for people with

disabilities

1.1.2 Dimensions of designated spaces for expected

vehicles

5


For designated accessible parking, provides

required dimensions for parking space and access

aisle


1.1 PARKING


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Provides an access aisle adjacent to the parking

space and running the full length of the space;

two spaces can share one aisle; ideally, access

aisles are available on both sides of the parking

space to provide choice

Maximum points:

Provides designated parking accommodating

vans and rear lift equipped vehicles

1.1.3 Surface is level, stable, firm and slip resistant 5

Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.

1.1.4 Clear signage 3

Uses designated signage; may include designated

reserved space labelled for specific tenant or staff


Ensures designated accessible and courtesy and

limited mobility parking spaces are clearly

marked both on the pavement and on a vertically

mounted sign

Ensures signs are visible while vehicles are

parked in spaces

Uses the International Symbol of Access to

identify designated parking

Ensures signs identifying van spaces indicate they

are van accessible

Ensures the access aisle is clearly marked

Note: Some accessible spaces meeting standards

of CAN/CSA B651, Item 9.5.2 for size may be


1.1 PARKING


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

private or personal parking for the tenant or

owner and therefore not marked using the

international symbol to prevent confusion with

parking available for guests or the public.

Maximum points:

Provides clear directional signage indicating route

to designated accessible, courtesy, and limited

mobility spaces, and to ticket machines, as

appropriate

Ensures signs at garage entrances indicate

vertical clearances and location of van spaces

Provides adequate setback for nature and

landscaping to ensure overgrowth does not

obscure signage

Provides a variety of clear wayfinding cues

1.1.5 Safe and direct access to pedestrian pathway 3 Includes parking space to pedestrian pathway


Ensures access aisles connect directly to

accessible pedestrian pathways

In a parking garage, ensures access aisles connect

directly to accessible pedestrian route to closest

accessible pedestrian entrance

Ensures pathways are in a convenient location

close to an accessible entrance

Ensures route is accessible and easy to

understand

Ensures there are no obstructions


1.1 PARKING


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Provides security

Maximum points:

Ensures the route runs in front of and not behind

parking spaces; access does not require passing

behind vehicles or across roadway

Ensures route is on the most convenient level for

access to facility, if multi-storey or underground

car park

1.1.6 Curb ramps (if level change en route to exterior

pathway)

5

Only applies if there is a level change between the

parking space and the pedestrian pathway


Provides curb ramp in close proximity to

pedestrian pathway

Ensures curb ramp does not project into parking

space, access aisle, or vehicle traffic lane to

accommodate wheelchair transfers and vehicle

ramps or lifts

Ensures curb ramps have landings at top

Ensures curb ramps have returned curb sides

(side flares); or provides a dropped sidewalk or

blended transition as alternative to curb ramps

Maximum points:

Provides dedicated curb ramp with safe access to

pedestrian pathway from each designated

parking space


1.1 PARKING


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Incorporates appropriate tactile attention

indicator, including truncated domes

Provides score lines indicating direction of travel

Ensures gutter provides flush transition from

pathway to minimize tripping hazards

1.1.7 Clearly marked pedestrian route and crossings (if in

path of traffic)

3

Includes traffic crossings and travelling behind

vehicles


Ensures routes are logical and understandable

Provides directional signage

Ensures crosswalks are clearly marked on

pavement in high-contrast colour

Maximum points:


Ensures crosswalks have additional alerts (e.g.,

flashing lights, audible signal or embedded LED

lighting)

1.1.8 Height clearance (if sheltered or parkade) 4


Provides vertical clearance to accommodate vans

at van parking spaces and along the vehicle route

to and from these spaces

If clearance is not adequate to accommodate van

converted for wheelchair access (higher than

standard van), provides suitable parking


1.1 PARKING


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

alternative and sufficient warning in advance of

entry and directions to appropriate location

Ensures there are no projecting elements, such as

signs and lighting

Maximum points:

Fully accommodates a van that is converted for

wheelchair access (higher than standard van)

1.1.9 Well illuminated (if site expected to be lit) 3

N/A if no power to site or policy for outdoor day use

only (e.g., remote outdoor park)


1.1.10 Shelter for designated spaces (if outdoor parking) 2

N/A only if indoor parking garage


Provides minimal protection from weather

Maximum points:

Provides full coverage from weather

1.1.11 Ticket dispensers or paying machines convenient

and accessible (if paid parking)

3


Ensures dispensers are close to parking spaces

Provides clear floor space for forward or side

approach

Ensures location is within accessible reach ranges

Provides safe access


1.1 PARKING


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures there are no obstructions or interference

from other parked vehicles

Provides a level ground surface

Ensures dispensers have one-hand operation

Ensures machines are easy to use and

understand

Ensures the visual display is easy to see and read

Provides clear instructions

Maximum points:

Ensures machines are available at different

heights

Ensures machines contrast visually with

surrounding surface

Provides intercom available for communication

with operator

Number of vehicle

parking spaces

Number of designated parking spaces for people with

disabilities

2–50 1–3

51–100 2–4

101–200 4–8

201–300 5–10

301–500 6–12

500 plus 6–12 plus 1–3 for every 100 additional spaces over 500

Source: Table 7, p. 197, CSA B651-12 © 2012 CSA Group


1.2 General Vehicular Access

General vehicular access includes passenger drop-off or loading areas and nearby

public transit.

Passenger drop-off areas allow people to immediately access a site. They are

generally required at medical care facilities, long-term care facilities, airports and

hotels. They are useful at outdoor recreation facilities, especially if picnics and

other activities are planned. They may be provided in addition to designated

parking and are very helpful where designated parking is not close to a facility, or

where weather conditions are often poor.

Those who are unable to drive often rely on public transit to get around. While

transit is often beyond the control of a site owner, it still impacts a facility’s level

of accessibility. In fact, when selecting a location for a site, proximity of public

transportation is often one of the criteria.

Here are some general guidelines to follow when reviewing the accessibility of

these areas:

As with designated parking, passenger drop-off areas should be accessible,

easy to use, and sufficient enough to support the needs of all intended

users. They should not impede vehicular or passenger traffic. The size and

number of drop-off areas depends on the size and intended use of the site.

As with any drop-off or pick-up area, the ideal transit stop should be close

to the facility. Provision of a level, stable and firm surface, adequate lighting

for security, a shelter and a seating area are all important features. There

should be safe access to the pedestrian pathway, and the pedestrian

pathway should be safe and accessible.

Basic requirements for accessible passenger drop-off zones include:

o the size of drop-off spaces and access aisles

o vertical clearance

o surfaces

o identification and signage


o protection from the elements

o illumination

Basic requirements for transit are similar to those for passenger drop-off

zones. Other considerations include the provision of seating and shelter,

and the safety of any road crossings.

Refer to CSA B651-12, 9.3 Passenger pick-up areas, p. 194-195, for additional

details.

1.2 GENERAL VEHICULAR ACCESS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

1.2.1 Passenger drop-off (if required for expected usage) 10

N/A only if clear case that passenger drop-off is not

expected or possible (e.g., busy urban street)


Ensures drop-off areas are located close to

facility and accessible main entrance(s)

Ensures the surface is level, stable, firm and slip

resistant to support safe loading/unloading

Ensures the access aisle is clearly marked, level

with vehicle drop-off space, and wide enough for

expected usage

Ensures access aisle provides safe and direct

access to pedestrian pathway

Provides clear, easy-to-locate signage

Provides a curb ramp if level changes from access

aisle to pedestrian pathway

Provides tactile walking surface indicators

(TWSIs) for people who are blind or have low

vision




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Offers height clearance to accommodate van

converted for wheelchair access; has no

projecting elements such as signs and lighting

Ensures area is well illuminated, with even light

distribution at ground level

Ensures there are no obstacles presenting

tripping hazards (e.g., manhole covers, grilles)

Provides space for wheelchair user to manoeuvre

and for lift or ramp (per CSA B651-12, 9.3.1)

Maximum points:

Ensures area is flush with roadway surface

Provides shelter

Provides seating

1.2.2 Public transit (if area is serviced) 10

N/A only if transit is not serviced in region


Provides safe access from transit stop to

pedestrian pathway

Ensures transit stop is located near the facility

Ensures surface is level, firm, stable and slip

resistant

Ensures there are no obstructions

Provides curb ramps where the level changes


(TWSIs) and visual clues for people who are

visually impaired (e.g., sidewalks with grass

borders, street furnishings)




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Provides clear signage (e.g., transit route maps

and schedules that are easily interpreted by all

users)

Ensures the stop is well illuminated, with even

light distribution at ground level for security

Provides seating

Provides shelter

Ensures road crossing is safe

Maximum points:

Ensures available shelter accommodates all

users; shelters have adequate internal clearance

and provide clear sightlines to allow passengers

to see an approaching bus, and bus driver to see

waiting passengers

Offers real-time signage indicating arrival time of

next vehicle

1.3 Ideas for Innovation

Parking

Look for innovation in customer service and technology. Examples include:

A direct-line telephone with a text capability for people who are deaf or

hard of hearing. This allows them to communicate with parking staff and to

request assistance.

Parking apps that can help guide people to available accessible parking

spaces. This helps to save time and to reduce confusion and stress.


Innovative signage. In large parking facilities, colour and prominent signage

with location identifiers, such as letters or animals, can be used to help

people more easily remember parking locations.

Courtesy or limited mobility parking for older people, for parents with

young children, or for deliveries. This helps to prevent random parking and

to reduce congestion.

A shuttle service equipped with a wheelchair lift. This can help people to

get to an event venue or attraction when parking is a long distance away.

A scheduling application used in a healthcare office that can advise the

driver when a patient is finished with an appointment and is ready for

pickup at a passenger loading zone. This reduces wait times and

congestion.

Short-term parking spaces (10 to 15 minutes) near an entrance to prevent

double-parking and to reduce congestion.

General Vehicular Access

Examples of innovation include:

Installing bollards to further define a passenger drop-off zone.

Shelters that complement surroundings aesthetically, yet stand out, can

alert motorists and cyclists to use caution in the area and make it safer for

passengers.

A climate-controlled area for a transit stop that provides heating and

cooling in extreme conditions (e.g., consider heated shelters at high

ridership stops in cold climates). Temperature regulation can affect the

health and well-being of people with disabilities and seniors.

Exterior Approach and Entrance Page 69

2 Exterior Approach and Entrance



total.


2.1 Exterior Pathways to Facilities on Site 45

2.2 Exterior Ramps 34

2.3 Exterior Stairs 42

2.4 Main Entrance or Alternative Accessible Entrance 67


Figure 23: Main entrance and exterior approach to main entrance

Description

The exterior approach and entrance refers to both the entrance itself and all the

external pathways and pedestrian routes connecting site arrival points, such as


parking, drop-off areas, public streets and sidewalks, and public transit stops to

the entrance — including any pathways, ramps or stairs found along the route.

The exterior approach and entrance should provide a continuous path of travel

without any obstacles to ensure the security and safety of its users. Where

possible, all routes to a site should be inclusive, convenient and accessible for

everyone, without labelling or segregating people with disabilities. If access to a

facility is restricted, it could be viewed as a human rights issue.

IMPORTANT:

The mandatory requirements for certification: a site must have a

public entrance and all its key functional spaces and amenities must

be physically accessible for everyone.

Where there are changes in level, access routes should be easy to understand and

navigate with a choice of a ramp and stairs. Some people with mobility disabilities

find it easier to use steps, while people using wheelchairs and other wheeled

mobility devices, or pushing strollers or luggage, most often prefer a ramp.

For newly developed sites and new sites, designers should consider from the

outset how best to minimize level changes along principal access routes, such as

between the site entrance and building entrance, and to locate features

accordingly. All entrances in a new facility should be universally designed.

2.1 Exterior Pathways to Facilities on Site

Exterior pathways should be level or gently sloped and provide enough width to

accommodate the expected number of people, including people using power

wheelchairs and scooters. If pathways are narrow, then passing places should be

provided fairly frequently. Pathways should be safe for all users, free of obstacles,

well illuminated, easy to find, and well integrated with any stairs or ramps along

the route. They should include any necessary crosswalk markings and curb ramps.

If the route is long, it is important to provide seating.


Refer to CSA B651-12, 8.2 Accessible Routes, p. 161-165 and 8.3 Pedestrian

Crossing, p. 166-177, for additional details.

Important: In outdoor parks, this element applies to exterior pathways that

connect parking areas with facilities and amenities. These are different from the

trail system. To rate a designated accessible trail, please refer to Trails and

Pathways category.

2.1 EXTERIOR PATHWAYS TO FACILITIES ON SITE


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

2.1.1 Clear width 5


Provides sufficient, uninterrupted width for

expected number of people

Provides sufficient clear width, free from

obstructions, for people using wheelchairs or

scooters, and for people with companions or

service dogs

Allows one- or two-way flow of people, depending

on the nature of the facility

Allows people to pass one another easily at the

same time when approaching from different

directions

Provides passing areas at reasonable intervals if

pathway is not wide enough

Ensures minimal sharp (90°) outside corners on

pathway

Ensures pathways are wider in front of shops and

bus stops

Maximum points:




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Allows at least two people using wheelchairs or

people with strollers to walk alongside or easily

pass one another

2.1.2 Surface is level, firm, stable and slip resistant 5


2.1.3 Clear signage (if required for expected usage) 3

N/A only if facilities are in clear view and obvious, or if

purpose of facility dictates privacy


Provides clear, logical and understandable

directional signage indicating route to main

accessible entrance and parking

Uses large font and contrasting colours

Uses international symbols as much as possible

Maximum points:

Provides directional signage with distance

indicator

2.1.4 Path is level or low-gradient slope (when not

accommodated by ramp)

3


2.1.5 Level landings with clear space (at regular intervals

and before level changes or decision points)

2

N/A only if pathway is short or entire length is level


Provides level landings/rest areas at appropriate

intervals along a pathway when a grade exists; the




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

steeper the terrain, the greater the frequency of

the landings

Provides landings before and after an incline

Maximum points:

Has colour-contrasted strip on landing

2.1.6 Curb ramps (if there is a level change to sidewalk en

route to entrance)

5

N/A only if there is no sidewalk or equivalent with

level change


Ensures ramps have landings at top

Ensures ramps have returned curb sides (side

flares)

Maximum points:

Incorporates appropriate tactile walking surface

indicators (TWSIs), which include truncated domes

and directional tile

Includes lines indicating direction of travel

Ensures gutter provides a flush transition from

pathway to minimize tripping hazard

2.1.7 Curbs, barriers or guardrails (if drop-off at edge of

pathway)

3

N/A only if there is no drop-off at the edge of a

pathway

Minimum/maximum requirements:




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Has clearly defined pathway edges with a change

in texture or tonal contrast to help people who are

blind or have low vision

Provides edge protection on either side of a path

to prevent accidents where a change in level exists

Provides suitable protection if the path is adjacent

to a vehicular route or if it is a shared-use route

(e.g., shared with other users such as cyclists)

Uses guardrails or barriers that visually contrast

with surrounding surfaces where there is a

significant change in level

Ensures guardrails or barriers are designed to

allow people with lower eye level, such as people

using wheelchairs and children, to see and be seen

through railings, and to be detectable for people

who are blind or have low vision

2.1.8 No obstacles on path or overhead 4


Ensures obstacles or protruding objects in the path

of travel are cane detectable

Ensures portable signs, such as sandwich boards,

are not permitted on the path of travel

Ensures path is clear of bins, bicycles, leaves and

litter

Ensures, where trees are located in the path of

travel, the base is protected by a tree grate or

(cane-detectable) tree guard




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Provides clear headroom space across the entire

width and length of the pathway, meaning it is

free of any signs or obstacles that could be a

collision hazard for people who are blind or have

low vision; the recommended clear minimum

headroom is 2,030 mm

Has drainage grates offset from main pathway

Ensures openings for drainage grates are

perpendicular to the path of travel

2.1.9 Convenient and understandable pathway to facilities 2


Ensures easy-to-identify paths to entrance, that

are convenient and direct

Ensures steps (or other suitable approach) as an

alternative

Where area beside the pathway is flush with the

path, ensures a change in surface treatment, such

as grass or a ground flora verge, at the edge along

its entire length to prevent people from straying

off the path

Maximum points:

Ensures path is as straight and predictable as

possible, as people with low vision or who are

blind rely on straight paths and consistency for

wayfinding

2.1.10 Fixed items nearby highly visible and cane

detectable

2

N/A only if there are no fixed items




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


Ensures any fixed items along the route, such as

manholes, utility poles and furniture (e.g.,

bollards, seating, disposal bins, drinking

fountains), are located off the path of travel, if

possible

Ensures any fixed items located on the path of

travel are cane detectable and clearly indicated

using a contrasting colour

2.1.11 Clearly marked pedestrian crossings 3

N/A only if the path of travel does not cross traffic


Provides logical and understandable directional

signage

Ensures crosswalks are clearly marked on the

pavement

Ensures crossings are located where they are

clearly visible, safe and convenient for all users

Maximum points:


Ensures crosswalks have additional alerts, such as

visual and audible signals

Ensures raised crossing is in place

Uses zebra markings to indicate uncontrolled

crossing

2.1.12 Drainage 2





Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures cross fall is minimal but sufficient enough

to allow adequate drainage (2%); does not permit

water accumulation or pooling that would create

slippery surfaces or cause glare

Ensures drainage channels do not obstruct path of

travel

Maximum points:

Ensures grate is high contrast relative to

surrounding surfaces and drain slots are aligned to

the typical path of travel


N/A only if no power to site or policy is for day use

only



Ensures the complete pathway is brightly lit;

current best practice is 60 lux

2.1.14 Seating (at regular intervals and before level

changes or decision points)

3

N/A only if pathway is short distance and there are no

level changes or decision points



Offers direct, unobstructed access to seating; for

people using walking aids, rest areas are critical

Is located on a level area and does not obstruct

circulation routes




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Is clearly signed and identified


Incorporates clear spaces for people using

wheelchairs, scooters or strollers so they can sit

alongside one another and with their companions

Provides a clear space at the end of the seating for

a service dog or other animal to rest

Offers a variety of seating options to suit different

people: seats with and without armrests, seats

with backrests, and fixed and movable seats

Ensures seats positioned or linked in a row are all

of the same style (e.g., all with armrests or all

without); a mixture of seat styles in a single row

can cause confusion for people who are blind or

have low vision

Exterior pathways:

Provides resting areas with seating off path of

travel if long route and/or steep grade

Ensures surface on which seating is located is

level, firm and stable

Maximum points:


Provides back support and at least one armrest

Provides adequate heel space to allow people to

stand up easily

Ensures resting area is clearly visible and identified

with a change in surface materials (i.e., texture

and colour)




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Exterior pathways:

Provides regular, frequent and predictable

intervals for intended use and before level

changes; seating intervals are 10m, if possible

Ensures seating areas are level and within sight of

one another

Provides shelter

2.2 Exterior Ramps

Exterior ramps should be provided in areas along a route where the slope (grade,

gradient, incline) exceeds 5% (1:20). Alternatives, such as an elevator or escalator,

may be suitable for some locations.

Ramps should provide adequate width to accommodate the expected number of

people, including people using power wheelchairs and scooters. To ensure safety,

ramps should be equipped with accessible handrails and edge protection as well

as provide good illumination with flat, even light. Surfaces should be firm, stable

and slip resistant.

Level landings are required at both the top and bottom of each run, between

runs, and wherever a ramp changes direction. Long ramps with a significant

change in elevation should be avoided, as they can be difficult for some people to

use. If possible, a ramp should be no longer than 9,000 mm and the rise between

landings should not exceed 450 mm. [Note: A ramp can consist of multiple 9,000

mm sections, as long as each is connected by a level landing at the top and

bottom.]

Ramps can have one of the following configurations:


Straight run

90° turn

Switchback or 180° turn

Circular or curved ramps are not recommended, nor are ramps within stairs (S-

ramps) since they are extremely hazardous to people who are blind or have low

vision, people with mobility disabilities, and people using wheeled mobility

devices or walking aids.

Refer to CSA B651-12, 5.5. Ramps, p. 71-75, for additional details.

2.2 EXTERIOR RAMPS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

2.2.1 Slope 5


2.2.2 Clear width 3






electric scooters, or for people with companions or

service dogs



Allows people to easily pass one another at the


directions

2.2.3 Surface is firm, stable and slip resistant 4

4 Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.


2.2 EXTERIOR RAMPS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

2.2.4 Level landings with clear space and at regular

intervals

4


Ensures landings are located at the top and bottom

of each run

Provides intermediate landings between runs and

where ramps change direction, for resting,

manoeuvring, and avoiding excessive speed

Provides adequate turning space for people using

wheelchairs or mobility aids, and for people with

strollers or service dogs

Maximum points:

Ensures ramp surfaces contrast visually with landing

surfaces to highlight changes in plane to people

who have low vision

Note: It is important that tactile attention

indicators, such as truncated domes, not be used on

ramps as they are not designed for this purpose.

2.2.5 Handrails 5


2.2.6 Edge protection 3


Provides curbs or protective barriers (e.g., raised

barrier or rail) on both sides of ramp and on

landings to prevent wheelchair casters or crutch

tips from slipping off edge; returned curb sides (side

flares) are acceptable for minimal drop-off

Maximum points:


2.2 EXTERIOR RAMPS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Contrasts visually with ramp surface

2.2.7 Colour-contrasted and slip-resistant strip 4


Ensures top and bottom landings have colour-

contrasted strip

2.2.8 Well illuminated (if required for expected usage) 3

N/A only if no power or policy is day use only


2.2.9 Convenient proximity 3


Ensures location is in close proximity to or along

main route

Maximum points:

Ensures ramps are well integrated with existing

route

Ensures route offers choice where practical


Figure 24: Standard ramp features (measurements in mm)

2.3 Exterior Stairs

Stairs are inherently hazardous. They need to be well dimensioned to provide a

stable footing and to ensure the safety and comfort of all users. They should not

be steep, and surfaces should be firm, stable and slip resistant. They should be

equipped with accessible handrails and tactile walking surface indicators (TWSIs),

and be kept clear of all obstacles, including litter and leaves.


Stairs should be provided in conjunction with a ramp to offer choice and to meet

all users’ needs. Where possible, the top and bottom of a ramp should be

adjacent to the top and bottom of an associated set of stairs.

Single steps should be avoided in an access route, as they are not as obvious as a

longer flight of stairs and may present a tripping hazard. If a change in level is

equivalent to the rise of a single step, the surface should be gently graded. Stair

dimensions should be consistent throughout a flight of stairs. Circular stairs and

stairs with tapered treads should be avoided, as they can be difficult for people

who are blind or have low vision to navigate, and they may create falling hazards.

Refer to CSA B651-12, 5.4 Stairs, p. 63-70, for additional details.

2.3 EXTERIOR STAIRS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

2.3.1 Clear width 2 Minimum/maximum requirements:






electric scooters, or for people with companions

or service dogs

Allows one- or two-way flow of people,

depending on the nature of the facility



directions

2.3.2 Tread surface is firm, stable and slip resistant 5



2.3 EXTERIOR STAIRS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures treads and landings have a slip-resistant

finish or are provided with slip-resistant strips



intervals

3


Ensures landings are provided at the top and

bottom of each flight, with the length equivalent

to the step width

Provides landings at reasonable intervals

throughout the stairway to break up significant

difference in level

Ensures landings extend along full width of stairs

Ensures there are no stepped landings

Ensures landings are unobstructed by door

swings

2.3.4 Handrails 5


Ensures handrails are continuous on both sides


2.3.5 Tactile attention indicators at top 5

May be required by regulation or standards on top

and bottom


Ensures tactile attention indicators are placed at

the top of the stairs to notify people who are


2.3 EXTERIOR STAIRS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

blind or have low vision; material is contrasting in

colour with the surrounding surface material and

is of a different texture

Ensures indicators extend the full width of the

stairs and are of sufficient length in the direction

of travel to provide adequate warning to people


Note: Tactile attention indicators are generally

not used on intermediate landings, as this can

give a false impression that the end of the flight

of stairs has been reached. However, attention

indicators are used on an intermediate landing

that meets with another path of travel or

circulation route. Stairs intended primarily for

emergency egress do not require tactile attention

warning indicators.

2.3.6 Colour-contrasted strip on nosing 4


Ensures each step edge has a strip that colour

contrasts with the tread to visually highlight the

step edge and to improve depth perception

Ensures contrasting strip extends the full width of

the step and is of adequate width

Ensures contrasting strip wraps around nosing

and continues down the riser so that it is visible

when both ascending and descending the stairs

2.3.7 Riser height and tread depth 4


Ensures steps are consistent throughout with

uniform riser heights and tread depths;


2.3 EXTERIOR STAIRS


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Points

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tory

inconsistencies in rise or in tread depth can

create tripping hazards

Ensures dimensions are adequate to provide safe

footing for all users

Ensures angle of riser face is greater than 60°

Ensures the total rise for a flight of stairs is

appropriate; if more than one flight is required,

the number of steps in each flight is the same

2.3.8 No open riser 3


Ensures all step risers are closed and opaque;

open risers can be tripping hazards, a source of

visual confusion, or disconcerting; [Note: People

who wear leg braces or prosthetic devices need a

solid riser to guide the foot up the riser and over

the nosing to the next step; those who use canes

or crutches place them against the riser of the

next step in order to maintain balance.]

2.3.9 Nosing design 2


Ensures nosing is flush with riser

Ensures, where projecting nosings are used, they

do not have sharp or abrupt edges or an

underside that prevents a foot from sliding up

the riser and that may cause tripping; projecting

nosings must be rounded or bevelled

Ensures projecting nosings are sloped to the riser

at an angle greater than 60° to the horizontal

2.3.10 Drainage 2


2.3 EXTERIOR STAIRS


Max.

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tory

Minimum/maximum requirement:

Ensures steps, treads and landings have adequate

drainage to prevent water pooling

2.3.11 Height clearance (if sheltered) 4

N/A only if stairs do not have overhead shelter


Maintains clear headroom throughout the full

length of the stairway and on any landings

Ensures the area beneath an unenclosed

staircase has a protective guardrail to prevent

people from colliding with the stairs

Provides ample headroom (e.g., if sheltered or if

items are suspended above stairs)


N/A only if no power or policy for day use only


Maximum points:

Provides glow-in-the-dark stair nosings and/or

handrails along emergency exit routes to

illuminate steps during a power outage


Figure 25: Standard stair features (measurements in mm)

2.4 Main Entrance or Alternative Accessible Entrance

The main entrance to a site must be welcoming to all intended users and easy to

find. Everyone who is meant to have access to a facility should be able to safely

enter or exit the premises conveniently, independently and with minimal effort.

Depending upon the nature of the facility, site access may be either uncontrolled

and open to anyone, or restricted.

Entrances should be highly visible. Hidden entrances are not only difficult to find,

but they can present safety challenges. All entrances should support Crime

Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED), which stipulates that there

should be no hiding spots or danger zones exposing vulnerable people to attack.


The entrance door should be easy to operate and wide enough to accommodate

all site users. Doors can be manually operated or power operated, although in

most situations, a power operated door is preferred. Automatic doors should

ideally slide aside rather than swing in or out. Where revolving doors are provided

at an entrance, an accessible alternative, such as automated sliding doors or an

automated swing door, should always be available.

Shelter should be provided for weather protection, particularly in areas that

experience weather extremes. Availability of seating is important for seniors or

for people with mobility or visual disabilities who often need a comfortable place

to wait.

2.4 MAIN ENTRANCE OR ALTERNATIVE ACCESSIBLE

ENTRANCE


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tory

2.4.1 Main entrance is accessible and doesn’t require

alternative

5


Ensures at least one door or doorway is

accessible

Ensures the route to the entrance is accessible,

with a direct accessible pathway connecting the

facility to city sidewalks, parking and/or public

transit

Ensures a secondary or alternative accessible

entrance is acceptable for existing sites only; it

should be clearly identified and available for

everyone to use; using a service entrance as the

only point of access for people with disabilities is

unacceptable

Ensures any manual doors are easy to open with

minimal force; hardware is accessible (one-hand



ENTRANCE


Max.

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tory

operation, and no grasping, pinching or twisting)

and at an accessible height and location; large D-

handles are easy to use for people with mobility

impairments

Ensures door provides clear visibility (e.g.,

tempered clear or frosted glass, vision panels),

allowing people to see if someone is approaching

from either side and reassuring them the area is

safe

Provides change of floor surface at approach of

self-activating doors

Provides multiple doors to allow choice

Provides concierge services

Note: Manual revolving doors, gates and

turnstiles are not accessible and cannot be part

of accessible routes. If automated revolving

doors are provided at the accessible entrance,

then they must be accompanied by an associated

accessible door.

2.4.2 Entrance is easily identified 5

N/A only if purpose of facility dictates privacy


Ensures entrance is easy to locate

Ensures entrance is identified from rest of site via

colour, architectural element, flags or change in

surface texture

Ensures entrance doors visually contrast with

adjacent surfaces



ENTRANCE


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tory

Ensures the address of site is clearly visible

Provides clear signage

Ensures the location of route(s) to the site are

clearly obvious

Uses artificial lighting to highlight the entrance at

night

If main entrance is not accessible, provides

appropriate signs indicating the location of the

nearest accessible entrance

Maximum points:

Adds distinct audio or olfactory wayfinding clues,

such as a small fountain or aromatic plants, to

assist people who are blind or have low vision

2.4.3 Power-operated door or open entry 5 Minimum requirements:

Ensures door edges are marked in high-contrast

colour

Provides adequate space between doors installed

in a series, preventing interference from adjacent

doors (e.g., door swing) and facilitating traffic

flow

Maximum requirements:

Ensures the power-operated door is controlled

with a motion-detector actuator or other hands-

free device

2.4.4 Sufficient opening time (power-operated door) 4

N/A only if not a power-operated door



ENTRANCE


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tory


Ensures sufficient time for slow-moving people

Takes at least three seconds to move from a

closed to fully open position

Ensures door remains fully open for a sufficient

length of time (at least five seconds) to allow all

site users to safely enter or exit the site

2.4.5 Controls for manually activated power-operated

doors are convenient, clearly identified and easy to

use

4

N/A only if motion sensor present or not power

operated


Ensures entrance devices (e.g., push pads and

card swipes) for automated doors are located at

accessible height and position

Ensures controls are located on latch side of door

and outside of door swing

Ensures controls are operable with one hand and

without tight grasping, pinching or twisting

Provides clear space for approach

Ensures all devices contrast visually with

surrounding surfaces

Provides clear instructions in visual and tactile

format

Ensures door entry controls or intercom systems

are clear of obstructions



ENTRANCE


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tory

2.4.6 Clear width of entry 5 Minimum/maximum requirements:

Allows all site users to easily enter or exit the site






or service dogs





directions

2.4.7 Level landing at entrance 5 Minimum/maximum requirements:

Ensures a flat, clear space at entry

2.4.8 Level threshold 5 Minimum requirements:

Ensures a raised threshold is a maximum of 13

mm and is bevelled, ramped or rounded

Maximum points:

Ensures threshold is flush with the external

ground surface and internal floor finish

Provides trench drain to prevent slippage

Ensures entry mat is recessed in a mat well and is

high contrast



ENTRANCE


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tory

2.4.9 Clear space on exterior and interior of door 3


Provides clear space for access and manoeuvring

on both sides of the entrance with extra space on

the (pull) handle side

Provides safe unobstructed clearance from door

swing

Provides a level, clear, slip resistant landing as a

safe space for all site users to wait, enter and exit

the site; people using wheelchairs or scooters, or

with service dogs and strollers have adequate

space to manoeuvre and turn

Ensures security bollards and screening devices

(e.g., metal detectors) do not obstruct accessible

routes and pathways or accessible means of

egress

Ensures doors when opened do not project into

any adjacent access route

If doors are located near a stairway or a ramp,

ensures they are positioned to avoid the risk of

anyone falling backwards while opening the door


N/A only if no power or policy is for day use only


Maximum points:

Ensures light levels are approximately 25% higher

than code minimum — 125 lux and higher



ENTRANCE


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tory

2.4.11 Outward-opening doors have marked swing path or

are protected

2

N/A only if there are no hinged doors


Provides a door swing path marking to show

people how far out the door will open, allowing

people to move safely out of the way

2.4.12 Emergency power or fail-safe systems on automatic

doors

2

This feature allows for exit through power-operated

door in an emergency when the power is out


Ensures doors incorporate a safety stop that is

activated if doors start to close as a person is

passing through

Ensures doors revert to manual control in the

open position in the event of a power failure

Provides a break-out opening on automated

sliding doors lacking standby power or that do

not stay open when power is off

Ensures safety sensors are responsive to all users,

including young children

Ensures emergency-opening device is clearly

visible, can be accessed immediately, and has a

fast response time

Ensures door lock release is at accessible height

and is clearly identifiable



ENTRANCE


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tory

2.4.13 Glazed doors have colour-contrasted strip or

markings

3

N/A only if there aren’t any glazed (glass) doors


Incorporates visually contrasting markings,

preferably at two levels, on all glazed doors,

including at eye level, for safety and visibility

Highlights edges of frameless glass doors clearly

so they are easily identified when open and

closed; visually contrasting strips can be used

Ensures any full-length glass doors are

permanently marked in high-contrast colour at

eye level for safety and visibility

2.4.14 Door security and entry system is accessible, easy

to use, has sufficient lock release time

5

N/A only if there aren’t any door security or entry

systems


Ensures door entry system, which may include a

two-way communication system, is located in a

convenient spot for all users, has clear space for

people using wheeled mobility devices, and is

easy to use and equipped with visual and audible

signals

Ensures security panels are proximity (non-touch)

type

Incorporates induction loops into two-way

communication



ENTRANCE


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tory

2.4.15 Door security and entry system is easily identified

and conveniently located

5

N/A only if there aren’t any door security or entry

systems


Ensures security and entry system is located at

accessible height and position



Provides clear space for approach



2.4.16 Seating 3

N/A only if there is no safe space for seating


Ensures seating has backrest and kick space and

is colour contrasted with surroundings

Seating is preferably under a shelter so seniors or

people with mobility disabilities or low vision

have a comfortable place to wait

2.4.17 Shelter 3


Ensures shelter is provided for weather

protection (i.e., a recessed entrance door,

awning or architectural element)


Figure 26: Guards and marked swing path at outward opening door (measurements in mm)

A preventable accident

This young boy broke his arm when a set of automatic sliding glass doors at an

assisted living facility closed on his arm. This could have been avoided if the safety

sensors on the doors had been properly adjusted.


Figure 27: Boy broke his arm in automatic sliding door when sensors failed to activate


Innovative ideas to improve the exterior approach and entrance to a facility

include:

A foot-activated push pad allowing people with restricted hand functions to

open automatic doors.

A dog relief area located adjacent to a main access route. The use of service

dogs, including guide dogs, hearing dogs and seizure dogs, is steadily

increasing. Incorporating a relief station into landscape plans considers the

dogs’ needs and makes it easier for owners to respond when nature calls.

Innovative renovations. An example is the main library at Queen’s

University in Kingston, Ontario (below). A new accessible main entrance (on

the left) was built to replace the original inaccessible entrance (on the

right). The new entrance is at street level and has both automated doors

and plenty of coverage for protection from the elements. The original

entrance was stepped with a heavy manual wooden door with minimal

recess for weather protection.

Landscaping adjacent to the pathway should support Crime Prevention

Through Environmental Design (CPTED), which is a multi-disciplinary

approach to deterring crime. Landscaping should not include any potential


hiding spots or danger zones via thick bushes, hedges or foliage that could

expose vulnerable people to attack.

Figure 28: Example of an innovative accessible entrance at Queen’s University, Kingston Source: 2017 Google

Interior Circulation Page 102

3 Interior Circulation



total.


3.1 Interior Doors and Doorways (not including Sanitary

Facilities)

59

3.2 Path of Travel 19

3.3 Corridors and Hallways 26

3.4 Interior Ramps 33

3.5 Elevators 58

3.6 Interior Stairs 37

3.7 Escalators and Moving Walkways 12

3.8 Vertical Platform Lifts 32


Description

The interior circulation refers to all of the elements allowing people to move

throughout a site and access its key facilities. Circulation routes are designed to

optimize the flow of people within and between floors — horizontally and

vertically. Interior circulation consists of the walkways, open-plan areas, hallways

and doors connecting the facilities on each level as well as the various structures

and devices people use to move between levels, such as ramps, stairways,

elevators, escalators and platform lifts.

In terms of accessibility, the layout of these elements should be logical, clear and

as direct as possible. Travel distances should be minimized and level changes

within a storey should be avoided where possible. Access routes should be well

maintained and free of any obstructions. The cane used by people who are blind

or have low vision can normally detect obstructions within 680 mm of the floor.


Obstructions above this height would not normally be detected and can create a

hazard if they project more than 100 mm into the path of travel.

In some situations, incorporating handrails and regular seating may be helpful.

Seating may be provided in adjacent spaces along the path of travel, as long as it

is visible and in close proximity to the path of travel. Seating should be located

within areas where users are likely to be standing for longer periods of time (e.g.,

security entry, pick-up/drop-off zones).

3.1 Interior Doors and Doorways (not including Sanitary Facilities)

Doors, by their very nature, act as barriers and can have a significant influence on

accessibility. In some situations, conventional doors may not be necessary at all.

Instead, privacy may be achieved through the careful placement of walls and

screens.

Doors come in various shapes, sizes, types, modes of operation, and

configurations. The main types of doors are sliding, swinging, revolving and

folding. There are two modes of operation: manual and power assisted. Power-

assisted doors can be automatically activated or manually activated. The most

suitable type of door arrangement will depend on the nature of the site, the

frequency of use, the available space, and security requirements.

The easiest way to access a facility is through power-assisted doors. These types

of doors are typically used at an entrance or in high-traffic areas within a site.

Power-assisted doors should ideally slide aside rather than swing in or out, as

door swing creates a barrier and requires the need for additional manoeuvring

space on either side of the door.

Doors may be single and stand-alone or, depending on the nature and size of the

site, they may be configured in series.


Manual swing doors are generally found in low-traffic areas, such as at individual

rooms or emergency exits. For a manual swing door, more space is required for

manoeuvring on the pull side of the door than on the push side — it is easier to

push a door open than to pull it open. A swing door may be influenced by fire

code. Here are some general factors to consider when assessing swing (hinged)

doors:

Those leading into rooms should generally open into the room, as any

opening outward into the main circulation route present a hazard to site

users. Inward-opening doors should be installed to open against a side wall.

The direction in which doors open into rooms should be consistent

throughout a site.

If outward-opening doors are necessary (e.g., for emergency evacuation),

they should be protected with a door recess, guardrail or swing path

indicated on the floor.

Those opening onto landings of ramps or stairs should not interfere with

the required clear space.

They should never open directly onto ramps.

Revolving doors should be avoided, as they are not accessible for many and can

be hazardous. Wherever revolving doors exist, there should always be a fully

accessible alternative available.

If turnstiles are required, but are not accessible, an adjacent accessible gate

should accompany them. The gate should be easy to identify and marked with the

International Symbol of Access.

Some entrances to sites and some interior doors require controlled access for

security reasons. In residential sites, controlled access security both at the

entrance and throughout the site is important. Any electronic entry systems (e.g.,

keypads, proximity readers, card swipes, locks and intercoms) should be

accessible for all site users, including people with hearing and vision disabilities.


The systems need to be clearly visible, within reach, and easy to understand and

operate.

3.1 INTERIOR DOORS AND DOORWAYS

(NOT INCLUDING SANITARY FACILITIES)


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tory

3.1.1 Power-operated door or open entry (if required for

easy circulation)

5

N/A only if there is no expected requirement for a

power-operated door, such as a small office suite or

shop


Ensures door edges are marked in high-contrast

colour


Ensures the power-operated door operates

independently of users and is controlled with a

motion-detector actuator or other hands-free

device

Gives both audible and visual warnings when

doors swing open towards the user

3.1.2 Sufficient opening time (for power-operated door,

and includes open entry)

4

N/A only if there is no power-operated door or open

entry


Is sufficient for people who are slow moving

Takes at least three seconds to move from a

closed to a fully open position





Max.

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tory

Remains fully open for a sufficient length of time

to allow all site users to safely enter or exit the

site — at least five seconds

3.1.3 Controls for manually activated power-operated

doors are convenient, clearly identified and easy to

use

3


Ensures controls are within reach and clear of

door swing

Ensures controls have clear signage so that mode

of operation is obvious to all site users (e.g.,

sliding or swing doors)

Ensures a push pad or button, or a card swipe

device is wall- or post-mounted in an accessible

height and position

Ensures people do not have to manoeuvre

backwards or clear of the door swing after

activation of the door control device

Ensures control is operable with one hand and

without tight grasping, pinching or twisting

If swing (hinged) door is used, ensures control is

on latch side (handle side) and outside of door

swing

If sliding doors are used, ensures operational

devices are exposed and usable from both sides

when in a fully open position

Ensures doors can be locked or unlocked easily

(e.g., key pads are at accessible height or keys are

easy to use), if applicable





Max.

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tory

Maximum points:

Uses round operating door control button, which

is preferred to rectangular controls

Uses universal “Open Door” text (instead of

disabled symbol), which does not segregate and

label users

3.1.4 Minimum force required to open doors with

sufficient opening time

5

N/A only if there are doorways, but no doors; power-

operated doors should receive these points


If manual door, ensures it is easy to open with

minimal force (e.g., low friction hinges or light

weight door)

Ensures the force applied at the handle, push

plate, or latch-releasing device does not exceed

22 N (5 lbf.) for interior doors

Unless otherwise mandated by specific fire code

requirements, ensures self-closing doors are

equipped with automated delayed-action closers;

while delayed-action closers are required for

many types of rooms in public sites, they are not

recommended for offices, lunch rooms and

storage rooms

Ensures the effort needed to overcome the

resistance of the door closer is low enough to





Max.

Points

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tory

allow people with disabilities to pass through

with reasonable ease

Ensures delayed-action door closers allow the

door to remain open long enough so that all

users can pass through; the closing period is not

less than three seconds — this is measured from

the door in an open position of 70° to the

doorway, to a point 75 mm from the closed

position, measured from the leading edge of the

latch side of the door

3.1.5 Clear width 5







or service dogs





directions

Provides swing (hinged) door opening fully to 90°

and door handles that do not obstruct the clear

width

3.1.6 Level threshold 5






Max.

Points

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tory



Maximum points:

Ensures threshold is flush with floor surface

3.1.7 Clear space on outside and inside of door 3


Provides clear and level space for access and

manoeuvring on both sides of the doorway

For a manually operated swing door, ensures a

person in a wheelchair or with a service animal

can approach the door, activate the door handle,

swing the door open, and pass through the door

with ease; more space is required for

manoeuvring on the pull side of the door (door

swings into this space) than on the push side

3.1.8 Door handles are U-shaped lever style or

equivalent

4

N/A only if there isn’t a door or door hardware


Uses lever handles or equivalent, as they are

more convenient for everyone

Ensures door handles, pulls, latches, locks and

other operational devices are operable with one

hand, using minimal force, and not requiring fine

finger control, tight grasping, pinching, or

twisting of the wrist; conventional round

doorknobs should not be used in public sites





Max.

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tory

Ensures levers return to the door surface or are

otherwise designed so they do not catch clothing

or other objects

Ensures handles contrast visually with the door

3.1.9 Doors are colour contrasted with adjacent surfaces 3

N/A only if there isn’t a door


Ensures doors are easy to identify relative to the

adjacent surfaces by using contrasting colour, a

different texture, or a distinctive decorative

feature

3.1.10 Glazed doors have colour-contrasted strip or

markings

3

N/A only if there aren't any glazed (glass) doors


Is marked in permanent, high-contrast colour, if

door is mainly glass, at least at eye level, for

safety and visibility

Clearly highlights edges of frameless glass doors

so they are easily identified when open and

closed; visually contrasting strips can be used

3.1.11 Emergency power or fail-safe systems on automatic

doors on emergency exit route

2

This feature allows for exit through power-operated

door in an emergency when the power is out





Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


Ensures emergency-opening device is clearly

visible and can be accessed immediately with fast

response time

If sliding doors are used, ensures operational

devices are exposed and usable from both sides

when in a fully open position

Provides a manual break-out opening on

automated sliding doors lacking standby power

or doors do not stay open when power is off

Ensures safety sensors that open doors instantly

are responsive to all users

Ensures emergency override instructions are

posted and clearly visible

Maximum points:

Ensures a fail-safe system automatically opens

doors when fire alarm is activated

3.1.12 Accessible gate with clear signage adjacent to any

turnstile

3

N/A only if there isn't a turnstile


Where turnstiles are required, ensures they are

accessible

If the turnstiles are not accessible, ensures they

are accompanied by an accessible gate

immediately adjacent to the turnstiles





Max.

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tory

Provides clear width that allows easy movement

of all users. To accommodate persons using a

wheeled mobility device or crutches, the

recommended clear width is at least 800 mm

(minimum), but is ideally at least 915 mm.

Ensures the gate is easy to identify (colour

contrasted with surrounding surfaces) and

marked with the International Symbol of Access

3.1.13 Kickplates on doors 2

N/A only if there is no door or if it is not in the

expected style, such as a glass door


Ensures kickplates are installed on lower part of

push side of manual doors to protect the door

from possible damage from wheelchair

footplates

Ensures plates extend the full width of the door

and are of appropriate height

3.1.14 Outward-opening doors have swing path marked or

protected

2

N/A only if there is no swing door or it is not in path

of travel

Minimum/maximum requirement

Ensures outward-opening doors do not interfere

with path of travel





Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Has a clearly identified door swing, where hinged

doors open into route of travel, with cane-

detectable guardrails or protective barriers

3.1.15 Door security and entry system is accessible, easy

to use and has sufficient opening time

5

N/A only if there aren't any door security or entry

systems


Ensures entry system is located on latch side of

door and adjacent to door handle

Ensures entry system is within reach of all users,

and close to door frame

Positions entry system to suit both people who

are standing and people who are using the

system in a wheelchair or from a seated position

Ensures security or entry system is well out of the

swing path of the entry door and alongside the

power door opener (if provided)

Maximum points:

Has proximity reader not requiring swipe or

physical touch

3.1.16 Door security and entry system is easily identified

and conveniently located

5

N/A only if there aren't any door security or entry

systems






Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures the device contrasts visually with the

adjacent surface

Ensures the security gate or entrance contrasts

visually with surrounding surfaces

Ensures keypad entry systems have raised

buttons easily located by touch; buttons contrast

visually with adjacent surface and have raised

symbols, numbers or letters arranged in a logical

order

Ensures doorbells and call buttons give visual and

audible indication of their operation

Ensures security gate is clearly identified with

International Symbol of Access

Ensures intercom/two-way communication

systems are supplemented with a text display

Figure 29: Interior door with accessible handle and good contrast with surrounding surface


Figure 30: Clear opening width of doorway (measurements in mm)

FACE OF

STOP

SWING-

CLEAR

HINGES

810 MIN

(B)

STANDARD

HINGES

DOOR

JAMB

810 MIN

FACE OF

DOOR(A)

CLEAR OPENING WIDTH OF DOORWAY

810 MIN

SLIDING DOOR

(D)

STANDARD

HINGES

DOOR

JAMB

810 MIN

FACE OF

PANIC

BAR

PANIC

BAR

(C)

CLEAR OPENING WIDTH OF DOORWAY


Figure 31: Acceptable door handles

(A) ACCEPTABLE

PUSH PLATE/DOOR PULLLEVER HANDLES

KNOB HANDLESTHUMB-LATCH HANDLES

(B) NOT ACCEPTABLE


Figure 32: Recommended clear width for turnstiles or access gates (measurements in mm)

3.2 Path of Travel

A site should have a logical and direct path of travel, ensuring all users are able to

easily locate and access key facilities. The path should be free of obstructions,

with minimal floor level changes. Where a change in floor level exists, a ramp

should be provided to ease the transition.

3.2 PATH OF TRAVEL


Max.

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tory

3.2.1 No level changes within a storey or single floor 5


Ensures changes in level are not abrupt and are

mitigated using a ramp, passenger lift, etc.


3.2 PATH OF TRAVEL


Max.

Points

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tory

Maximum points:

Ensures there are no changes in level on a single

floor

3.2.2 Access to all facilities expected to be used 5

Access should include public and staff if typically

expected to be used by both or either

Minimum requirement:

Features an accessible path of travel to all

commonly used facilities on all levels

Maximum requirement:

Ensures an accessible path of travel is available to

all facilities on all levels

3.2.3 Layout is logical and direct 3


Ensures arrangement of access routes to key

facilities is logical, understandable, usable and

direct

Ensures circulation routes are clear and easy to

follow

3.2.4 No obstructions 3


Ensures any projections, such as columns or wall-

mounted items (e.g., drinking fountains, display

cases), are adequately guarded, visually

highlighted, and colour contrasted with the

surrounding surfaces, as well as cane detectable

for people who are blind or have low vision


3.2 PATH OF TRAVEL


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures travel path is well maintained and free of

obstacles

Ensures path has minimum clear headroom and

that minimum clear width is not reduced by

protruding fixed objects

Ensures windows or doors do not open into

circulation routes, creating an obstruction or

reducing the width of the pathway or hallway

Ensures outward-opening doors, such as doors to

accessible washrooms, are recessed

Ensures plants or furniture do not impact

adequate clear width

Ensures items such as fire extinguishers are

recessed, if possible

3.2.5 Open-plan areas are well defined and include tactile

direction indicators

3

N/A only if there is no significantly sized open-plan

space


Provides floor surfaces that are colour-contrasted

with surrounding surfaces

Uses a change in texture or different types of floor

surfaces to define different areas

Ensures furniture is appropriately placed


3.3 Corridors and Hallways

Hallways need to be wide enough to easily accommodate people moving in both

directions. They should be well illuminated with colour-contrasted, non-glare

surfaces, and be free of obstacles. If a hallway is long, recessed seating and

handrails should be incorporated. Carpeting, if used, needs to be low pile and

high density, in a light colour or with only slight patterning.

3.3 CORRIDORS AND HALLWAYS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

3.3.1 Clear width 5







or service dogs





directions

Provides passing areas within sight of one another

or at reasonable intervals if hallway is not wide

enough; passing places are also useful at hallway

junctions, at the top of ramps, and at the end of

passageways

Provide adequate turning radius for people using

wheelchairs or scooters; people need to be able to

turn around within a corridor, particularly when

the corridor is long




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures minimal sharp 90° corners; rounded

corners or corners that allow people to see others

approaching are helpful for people who are deaf

or hard of hearing


width and length of the hallway

3.3.2 Surface is stable, firm and slip resistant 3


3.3.3 Handrails are incorporated into both sides (if long

hallway)

3

Maximum/minimum requirements:

Offers accessible handrails to provide support,

balance, and directional guidance


3.3.4 Colour contrasted between wall and floor, with no

glare

3


3.3.5 No obstructions 3


Ensures any projections, such as columns or wall-

mounted items (e.g., drinking fountains, display

cases), are adequately guarded, visually

highlighted, and colour contrasted with the

surrounding surfaces, and are cane-detectable for

people with low vision

Is well maintained and free of obstacles




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures minimum clear headroom and minimum

clear width are not reduced by protruding fixed

objects

Ensures windows or doors do not open into

circulation routes, creating an obstruction or

reducing width of pathway or hallway

Ensures outward-opening doors, such as doors to

accessible washrooms, are recessed

Ensures plants or furniture do not impact

adequate clear width

Ensures items such as fire extinguishers are

recessed, if possible

3.3.6 No strongly patterned carpet or flooring 2


Has plain, light-coloured flooring or simple-

patterned flooring; strong patterns, such as stripes

and checks, can create confusion for people with

low vision, while solid, dark colours can create a

“bottomless pit” effect

3.3.7 Glazed walls have colour-contrasted strip 2


Incorporates visually contrasting markings along

wall surface, preferably at standard eye level, for

safety and visibility

3.3.8 Well illuminated 2


3.3.9 Seating is provided at regular intervals (if long

hallway)

2





Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Provides direct, unobstructed access to seating

Ensures seating is located on a level area and does

not obstruct circulation routes

Is clearly signed/identified



wheelchairs, scooters, or strollers so they can sit



people, such as seats with and without armrests,

seats with backrests, and fixed and movable seats

Has seats of the same style positioned or linked in

a row (e.g., all with armrests or all without); a

mixture of seat styles in a single row can cause

confusion for persons with low vision

Provides seating at regular intervals along/close to

a hallway to allow people to rest; seats do not

obstruct the clear width of the hallway

Maximum points (all types of facilities):

Provides back support and at least one armrest

Provides adequate kick space to allow people to

easily stand up

Has clearly visible resting area identified with a

change in surface materials (i.e., texture and

colour)


Figure 33: Width of interior accessible routes (measurements in mm)

3.4 Interior Ramps

Ramps are often used as an effective means of overcoming changes in elevation

in a site — within a storey, or in larger facilities, such as airport terminals or

shopping centres, from one storey to another. Where a ramp is provided, there

should always be a stepped alternative. In many situations, there will also be an

elevator, escalator or passenger lift.

Ramps are generally safer than stairs, as people are less likely to trip on a ramp.

They also benefit people using wheelchairs or scooters and people pushing

strollers or luggage.

Interior ramps should not have a gradient exceeding 5% (1:20). A maximum rise of

450 mm between landings and a maximum ramp length of 9,000 mm is

recommended. [Note: As the recommended slope is gentler than the minimum

required by code (8.3% (1:12) or less), the length of the ramp will be greater.]

Long ramps with a significant change in elevation should be avoided, as some

people find them difficult to use. Alternatives, such as an elevator or escalator,

may be suitable for some locations.

920 MIN

810 MIN

(A)

600

MIN

1500 MIN

(B)

WIDTH OF INTERIOR ACCESSIBLE ROUTES


Ramps should provide adequate width to accommodate the expected number of

users, including people using wheelchairs or scooters. To ensure safety, they

should be equipped with accessible handrails or edge protection and good

illumination. Surfaces should be firm, stable and slip resistant. Level landings are

required at both the top and bottom of each run, between runs, and wherever a

ramp changes direction.


Straight run

90° turn

Switchback or 180° turn

Circular or curved ramps are not recommended. As well, ramps within stairs (S-

ramps) can be hazardous to people who are blind or have low vision, people with

mobility disabilities, and people using walking aids.

3.4 INTERIOR RAMPS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

3.4.1 Slope 5


3.4.2 Clear width 3







or service dogs





directions


3.4 INTERIOR RAMPS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

3.4.3 Surface is stable, firm and slip resistant 4



intervals

4


Provides landings at top and bottom of each run





wheelchairs or mobility aids, people with strollers,

or people with service dogs

3.4.5 Handrails 5

Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section

3.4.6 Edge protection 3


Ensures curbs or protective barriers (e.g., raised

barrier or rail) are on both sides of ramp and on


tips from slipping off edge

Ensures edge protection contrasts visually with

ramp surface

3.4.7 Easy to find 2


Ensures ramp is in an obvious location

Provides signage using universal symbol or

pictogram for a ramp

Ensures directional signage locates the ramp’s

position


3.4 INTERIOR RAMPS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

3.4.8 Colour-contrasted and slip-resistant strip 4

Maximum points:

Ensures ramp surfaces contrast visually with

landing surfaces to highlight change in plane to


Ensures top and bottom landings have colour-

contrasted strip

Important: Ensures tactile attention indicators,

such as truncated domes, are not used on ramps

as they are not designed for this purpose


Minimum/maximum Requirement:

Illuminates ramp and landing surfaces so they can

be used safely at any time


3.5 Elevators

A passenger elevator is often the preferred method of travel between floors in a

site. Elevators should be located adjacent to an accessible stairway to offer an

alternative means of access and should serve all levels of a site available to the

public. Furthermore, all facilities on the floors served by the elevator should be

accessible (e.g., kitchen, offices and washrooms). When more than one elevator is

provided in a site, each should be accessible.

If a passenger elevator is not possible due to structural or other constraints, then

a vertical platform lift, or another type of suitable elevating device, such as a

limited use/limited application elevator (LULA), may be used. Using a freight or

service elevator to transport people with disabilities is unacceptable from both a


human rights and a Universal Design perspective, as it segregates people with

disabilities.

The floor of the elevator should be firm and slip resistant, permitting wheelchairs

and scooters to move easily. A soft under-cushion in combination with a thick or

long-pile carpet makes manoeuvring difficult for people using wheelchairs or

scooters. If carpeting is used, it should be low pile and high density.

There should be as much available floor space in the elevator as possible, as

elevator use is expected to steadily increase as the population ages.

Elevators designed with front and back doors (flow-through design) are helpful, as

they eliminate the need for users to turn around to exit. This is particularly useful

during crowded conditions for people with mobility and vision disabilities. Where

flow-through designs are not appropriate and the elevator has a single door, a

mirror extending across the width of the elevator should be provided on the rear

wall. This allows people to see what is behind them if they need to reverse out of

the elevator, like a rear-view mirror in a car, and protects their personal safety.

As standard elevators are not designed for use in fire conditions, suitable

alternatives for evacuation of people with disabilities should be available (e.g.,

evacuation chairs). In new sites, installing a specialized elevator that can be used

in an evacuation in the case of fire or other emergency should be considered.

Elevators should also provide emergency communications, preferably a hands-

free two-way communication or intercom system.

3.5 ELEVATORS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

3.5.1 Easy to find 3


3.5 ELEVATORS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


Ensures elevator locations are clearly indicated

by directional signage located throughout the

facility — from the entrance(s) or other key areas

within the site on each floor level

Provides a sign at the elevator location using the

appropriate international symbols

Ensures elevators are identified by the

international symbol in pictograph and tactile

form mounted 1,000–1,200 mm above the

finished floor (AFF) and within 1,000 mm of the

left side of the elevator door

Maximum points:

Uses blade-type signage to assist in wayfinding

Uses an audible location indicator (e.g., locating

tones)

3.5.2 Clear space in front of hall controls in elevator

lobbies

3


Allows all users to approach and reach call

buttons with ease

3.5.3 Hall controls are accessible and at accessible height

and location

5


Ensures all controls are at an accessible height

and position for all users (e.g., many people in

wheelchairs do not have full use of their arms);


3.5 ELEVATORS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

makes every effort to keep the highest controls

at approximately 1,100 mm above the floor

3.5.4 Clear width of door 5


Provides sufficient clear width to access elevator

for people using wheelchairs or scooters, and/or

people accompanied by companions or service

dogs

3.5.5 Opening time 4


Ensures doors remain fully open for a sufficient

length of time (at least five or six seconds),

allowing users to enter and exit the elevator

without interruption; door-opening or door-

closing buttons can be used to alter the time for

each

3.5.6 Handrails 4


Ensures handrails are installed at an accessible

height on all interior walls, except on the door

side, to provide support to people who are

unsteady on their feet or who are anxious about

riding an elevator

Ensures handrails stop where they meet the

control panel

Maximum points:


3.5 ELEVATORS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Provides a flip-up seat for people who are

unsteady on their feet or who have limited

stamina

3.5.7 Controls inside elevator cab at accessible height

and location

4

N/A only if controls are not in elevator cab


Ensures all controls and emergency

communications are accessible

Ensures all control panel buttons are at an

accessible height and position for all users; many

people in wheelchairs do not have full use of

their arms, and every effort should be made to

keep all controls at approximately 900–1,100

mm above the floor

Ensures, if the control panel is mounted on the

front wall (return panel), it should be placed as

far as possible from the side wall, or it will be

difficult to reach

Maximum points:

Provides a convenient side-wall-mounted control

panel, allowing people using wheelchairs or

walking aids to access the controls without

turning around, leaning forward or twisting

around backwards, risking a fall

Arranges buttons vertically (preferred) to give a

direct functional correlation to the direction of

travel


3.5 ELEVATORS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Where two control panels are installed, the most

appropriate configuration is to have one placed

on the front return panel and the other on the

wall located on the opposite side of the elevator

3.5.8 Cab controls and/or hall controls include Braille

and tactile characters, and are easy to use

4


Ensures control panel buttons and call buttons

are raised so they can be operated with minimal

force; flush or recessed buttons are not

recommended because they are generally not

usable for people with little or no use of their

fingers

Supplements control buttons with tactile

characters (numbers or symbols) that can be

read by touch, with an ideal combination of

large, embossed, raised characters and Braille

text; many people who are blind or have low

vision cannot read Braille but can readily identify

raised markings

Positions tactile characters adjacent to and on

the left of the controls

Ensures tactile characters and control buttons

visually contrast with the adjacent surfaces

3.5.9 Interior dimensions 5


Ensures size and capacity is appropriate for site

type and occupancy

Provides adequate manoeuvring and turning

space for people using wheelchairs or scooters,


3.5 ELEVATORS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

people with strollers or luggage, or those with

service animals; people should not have to

reverse out of the elevator

Maximum points:

Consistent for all floors; provides flow-through

design with doors on opposite sides of the

elevator car allowing one-way travel (i.e., no

need to turn around or reverse in the elevator)

3.5.10 Automatic verbal announcements of floor levels 3


Ensures an audible call inside the elevator

identifies the floor level when the elevator is

passing or stops at a landing; synthesized voice

floor callers announcing the direction and

destination of the elevator are extremely useful

to all users, particularly seniors and people who

are blind or have low vision

3.5.11 Audio and visual identification of operation 2


Provides an audio and visual indication of

elevator operation (e.g., the elevator is

answering a call, has arrived or has stopped, the

doors are opening or closing, the current floor

position, and the direction of travel)

Ensures button illuminates and emits an audible

signal when pressed

Maximum points:


3.5 ELEVATORS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures high-contrast colours are used for the

visual floor indicator inside the elevator

3.5.12 Self-levelling and level threshold 3


Ensures the elevator has a two-way automatic

floor levelling device, which brings the elevator

to a stop so the elevator floor is flush with the

finished floor level of each landing

3.5.13 Interior is colour contrasted between wall and floor 3


Ensures the interior cabin floor and walls are

colour contrasted to help people with low vision

assess the size and shape of the elevator’s

interior

Ensures the elevator sill at each door entrance is

colour- contrasted with the opposite floor finish

Ensures wall and floor surfaces have a matte

finish to minimize potential glare and reflection

Maximum points:

Ensures interior cabin floor is a light colour and

walls are dark; dark floors in an elevator can be

confusing for people with low vision, as they may

think they are stepping into an open shaft

3.5.14 Doors are colour contrasted with surroundings 2


Ensures doors contrast visually with adjacent wall

surfaces

Ensures any areas of glass incorporate

permanent markings at two levels that visually


3.5 ELEVATORS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

contrast to the background surfaces; markings

should be apparent to people from a range of

different eye levels

3.5.15 Well illuminated cab interior and wait area in hall 3


3.5.16 Mirror in rear of elevator cab (if not flow-through

type)

3


Mirror extends from 900 mm AFF to ceiling level;

full height mirrors should be avoided, as they can

make the wall appear as a corridor, causing

people to walk into it

Ensures mirror is constructed of safety glass

3.5.17 Door reopening device 2


Provides an automatic, non-contact door

reopener preventing the door from closing on a

person or object; there should be no physical

contact between the door and the person or

object

Ensures the device causes the door to stay open

or to reopen automatically

3.6 Interior Stairs


stable footing and to ensure the safety and comfort of all users. They should be


and kept clear of all obstacles.


Interior stairs should be provided in conjunction with an elevator to offer choice.

Where possible, elevators should be located adjacent to an associated set of

stairs.

Stair dimensions should be uniform and consistent throughout a flight of stairs.

Circular stairs and stairs with tapered treads should be avoided, as anyone can

find them difficult to navigate.

3.6 INTERIOR STAIRS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

3.6.1 Clear width 2






electric scooters, or people with companions or

service dogs





directions

3.6.2 Tread is firm, stable and slip resistant 5



finish or have slip-resistant strips

Ensures carpeting is used only on the tread (top

of step) but is not used continuously over the

nosing and throughout the flight of stairs


3.6 INTERIOR STAIRS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory



intervals

3


Provides a landing at the top and bottom of each

flight of stairs

If more than one flight is required, provides

landings between each flight, ensuring the

number of steps in each flight is the same; the

maximum total rise for a flight of stairs is 1,800

mm, and the maximum number of steps is 12

Maximum points:

Ensures landing surface is colour contrasted with

stairs

3.6.4 Handrails 5


Provides continuous handrails on both sides

Ensures the centre handrail is continuous where

multi-flight stairs are present


3.6.5 Tactile attention indicators at top 3


Has tactile attention indicators placed at the top

of the stairs to notify people with low vision

Ensures material is contrasting in colour with the

surrounding surface material and of a different

texture


3.6 INTERIOR STAIRS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Uses floor finishes that contrast both visually and

audibly (surface sounds different from adjacent

surface when walked on)

Extends indicators the full width of the stairs and

for sufficient length in the direction of travel to

provide adequate warning to people with low

vision

Ensures indicators are used on an intermediate

landing only if it meets with another path of

travel or circulation route; if it does not join with

another route, ensures no tactile attention

indicators are used

Note: Stairs intended primarily for emergency

egress do not require tactile attention indicators

3.6.6 Colour-contrasted strip on nosing 5


Ensures each step edge has strip that colour


step edge and improve depth perception

Ensures each contrasting strip extends the full

width of the step and is of adequate width

(approximately 50 mm wide)

Ensures each contrasting strip wraps around

nosing and continues down the riser so that it is

visible when both ascending and descending the

stairs

3.6.7 Riser height and tread depth 3



3.6 INTERIOR STAIRS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory



inconsistencies in rise or tread depth can create

tripping hazards

Provides adequate dimensions to ensure safe























3.6.10 No strongly patterned carpet or flooring 2



3.6 INTERIOR STAIRS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Has plain, light–coloured flooring or simple-

patterned flooring; strong patterns, such as

stripes and checks, can create confusion for

people with low vision, while solid, dark colours

can create a “bottomless pit” effect

3.6.11 Height clearance 2


Ensures clear headroom is maintained

throughout the full length of the stairway and on

any landings

Ensures stairs that are not enclosed and could

present an overhead hazard are protected to

prevent people from colliding with them

Provides ample headroom (e.g., if sheltered or if

items are suspended above stairs)




Figure 34: Typical staircase features (measurements in mm)

Figure 35: Overhead hazard under stairs (measurements in mm)

OVERHEAD HAZARDS

2030

MAX

680

MAX


3.7 Escalators and Moving Walkways

While escalators are common to many large sites, they are not considered part of

an accessible route of travel. They are quick and easy for many site users but are

unsuitable for people in wheelchairs, people with strollers, and people with

service dogs, and they are often difficult to navigate for people with mobility

challenges. Many people prefer to use stairs, ramps or elevators. Accordingly, an

alternative means of access should always be provided in association with

escalators.

Moving walkways are frequently used to move people over long horizontal

distances in a large site or vertically to another floor, such as in airports. They are

convenient for people pulling suitcases or pushing strollers or shopping carts.

Moving walkways should always have an accessible route adjacent to it. Where

moving walkways are inclined, the angle of inclination should not be steeper than

1:20 (5%).

3.7 ESCALATORS AND MOVING WALKWAYS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

3.7.1 Colour-contrasted nosings and side edges 4


Provides high-contrast markings (preferably signal

yellow) on all nosings and side edges

3.7.2 Accessible stop button 3


Ensures emergency stop controls are clearly

identified and within reach of all users

3.7.3 Alternative is available 3



3.7 ESCALATORS AND MOVING WALKWAYS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures stairs, elevators or accessible passenger lifts

are available as alternatives to an escalator or

inclined moving walkway

Provides golf carts or similar vehicles, as well as an

accessible path of travel, as alternatives to a moving

sidewalk

Ensures alternatives are located in an adjacent

location and clearly identified

3.7.4 Tactile attention indicators 2


Ensures tactile attention indicators are placed at the

top of the escalator or walkway to notify people

with low vision


escalator or walkway and are of sufficient length in

the direction of travel to provide adequate warning

to people with low vision


surrounding surface material and is of a different

texture

Ensures direction of travel is clearly signed

3.8 Vertical Platform Lifts

Vertical platform lifts are sometimes used as a means of improving access in

existing sites where it is not possible to install an elevator due to structural or

space constraints. They are slower moving than conventional passenger elevators

and have limited capacity, as they are typically designed to carry only two

passengers. Wherever a vertical platform lift is located, an associated flight of

stairs or steps should be provided as an alternative means of access.


Vertical platform lifts are suitable for historic sites where preservation of the

existing structure is key, but they should not be installed in new sites. People

should be able to use them independently, without assistance and without having

to seek permission. As standard vertical platform lifts are not designed for use in

evacuations, an evacuation chair or suitable alternatives should be available for

people with disabilities in emergency situations.

Short-rise vertical platform lifts travelling up to 2,000 mm do not need to be fully

enclosed unless it is required for fire-resistance. Non-enclosed lifts require a

safety guard and gate or a barrier on both the entry and exit side. A permanent,

solid barrier is required on any non-access side of the lift.

All vertical platform lifts travelling more than 2,000 mm need to be fully enclosed

and to incorporate power-assisted, outward-opening doors for access.

3.8 VERTICAL PLATFORM LIFTS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

3.8.1 Installed in existing site where elevator is not feasible 5


Ensures platform is installed in an existing building

due to structural or space constraints preventing

installation of a conventional elevator

3.8.2 Independently operated 5


Operation of platform lift does not require a key or

assistance; it can be operated independently or as

needed without requiring support

Ensures assistance is readily available for people

who have difficulty using the controls

3.8.3 Door opening clear width 4




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


Provides sufficient, clear width for people using

wheelchairs or scooters, and for people with

companions or service dogs, to access lift

Ensures clearance from door swing is provided

adjacent to manually activated power door controls

3.8.4 Emergency communication button 3


Ensures emergency communication button is

suitable for all users

Ensures emergency assistance button is

incorporated into the control panel and is linked to

a trained source of assistance

3.8.5 Fold-down seat 3


Provides a fold-down seat for passengers who have

difficulty standing or who have vertigo

Ensures seat is of adequate size and shape to

accommodate a range of people

3.8.6 Gate and barrier 3


For short-rise non-enclosed lift, provides a safety

guard and gate or a barrier on both the entry and

exit side

Ensures platform lifts travelling more than 2,000

mm are fully enclosed with power-assisted

outward-opening doors for access

3.8.7 Light pressure control buttons 3





Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Provides easy-to-use control buttons; for safety

purposes, controls on platform lifts require

continuous pressure in order to operate

3.8.8 Size and capacity appropriate for expected usage 3


Ensures size and capacity is appropriate for site

type and occupancy

Ensures lift can carry with ease a person in a

wheelchair with an assistant, a person with a

stroller, or a person with a service dog

Provides doors on opposite sides allowing one-way

travel such that people do not need to turn around

or reverse in the lift (preferred arrangement); if

one-way travel is not possible, entry and exit doors

are positioned on adjacent sides of the lift

Provides a clear space on landing area enabling

people to approach and manoeuvre around the

door or gate and turn through 180°

3.8.9 Solid barrier on non-access sides of platform 3


Provides a permanent, solid barrier at least 1,100

mm in height on any non-access side of the lift

Provides handrails


Some innovative ideas to improve interior circulation of sites include:

An emergency power source for doors that are located on an exit route.


An induction loop in an elevator for emergency communication with people

using hearing aids.

Glow-in-the-dark stair nosings and/or handrails to illuminate route during a

power outage.

An audible notification to warn riders that a moving walkway is coming to

an end.

Interior Services and Environment Page 148

4 Interior Services and Environment



total.


4.1 Lobby and Reception Areas 18

4.2 Reception Desks and Service Counters 24

4.3 Waiting Areas, General Seating, Meeting Rooms and

Lounges

18

4.4 Kitchens 43

4.5 Acoustic Considerations 10

4.6 Illumination 21


Description

While interior circulation pertains to the movement or flow of people throughout

a site that allows them to access its key facilities, the interior services and

environment refers to the key internal facilities themselves — that is, the facilities

that people use within a site. Although the types of internal facilities available will

vary with each site’s occupancy and use, many of the elements and features

found in this category are general to all. These include location, space and

clearance, appropriate furnishings, availability of appropriate equipment,

acoustics and illumination.

Considering these requirements during the design phase of a site — well before

the shovels break ground — will help ensure a site’s facilities can accommodate

everyone.

One important consideration concerns the height of electrical outlets, light

switches and other controls. To meet the requirements of a generally aging


population, including its workforce, electrical outlets and data ports should be

located 480 mm above the finished floor — higher than typical installation heights

of 300–400 mm. Light switches and other controls should be mounted at 1,066

mm above the finished floor — lower than the typical installation height of 1,200

mm. As these dimensions are approximately 152 mm (6 in.) higher or lower,

respectively, than current practice, this amendment is commonly referred to as

the “six-inch rule”.

4.1 Lobby and Reception Area

Lobby and reception areas of a site must be welcoming and accessible for all

intended users. They should orient people to the site and provide clear

information and signage about the site and its services. Access to circulation

routes and facilities as well as routes to the entrance and exit should be obvious,

clear and unobstructed. There should be sufficient clear space for people using

mobility devices to manoeuvre without blocking access for others.

To ensure the comfort and convenience of everyone, comfortable seating should

be available in waiting areas with washrooms located nearby. Lighting levels

should help people adjust to daylight or exterior illumination as they move from

the interior to the outdoors.

Figure 36: Lobby of a commercial site


4.1 LOBBY AND RECEPTION AREA


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

4.1.1 Logical arrangement of circulation routes and

facilities in area

3


Ensures overall arrangement of access routes is

logical, understandable and usable, and provides

direct access to key facilities

Connects accessible circulation routes on entrance-

level floor to other floors (e.g., horizontal and

vertical circulation)



Ensures lighting in entrance lobbies eases the

transition between the exterior and interior

environment to enable people’s eyes to adjust; a

sudden change in lighting levels can be difficult for

many people

Ensures lighting optimizes visual communication

and lip-reading or speech-reading

Ensures lighting minimizes reflection on glazed

components


4.1.3 Location of key facilities easily identified 3


Provides clear signage or other wayfinding within

reception area highlighting key facilities, such as

elevators, stairs, washrooms, social or fitness

rooms, and main site services

4.1.4 Toilet facilities adjacent to lobby and reception area 3




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


Ensures toilet facilities are in close proximity to the

lobby and reception area

4.1.5 Seating where expected to wait 3


Ensures access to seating is direct and

unobstructed

Ensures seating is located on a level area and does

not obstruct circulation routes

Ensures seating is clearly signed or identified

Ensures seating visually contrasts with surrounding

surfaces


wheelchairs or scooters, people pushing strollers,

or people with service dogs, so they can sit



people, including seats with and without arm rests,

seats with backrests, and fixed and movable seats




can cause confusion for people who are blind or

have low vision

Ensures seating is located close to concierge desk

(if present)

Maximum points:

Ensures different chair seat heights and widths are

available




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Provides tables for placing objects so people are

not required to bend to the floor


easily stand up

Ensures resting area is clearly visible and identified

with a change in surface materials (i.e., texture and

colour)

4.1.6 Floor finishes are firm and slip resistant, with no

glare or strongly patterned carpet or flooring

3


If a mat is provided on the inside of the entrance,

ensures it has a firm, level surface and is placed in

a recessed mat well flush with the surrounding

floor surface

Has plain, light-coloured or simple-patterned

flooring; strong patterns, such as stripes and

checks, can create confusion for people with low

vision, while solid, dark colours can create a


Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section,

4.2 Reception Desks and Service Counters

Ensuring all site users have meaningful access to reception desks and service

counters is a fundamental part of an access plan. Reception desks should be

highly visible, easily located and situated on a direct, unobstructed route from the

entrance. Counters should be usable from both sides by both people who are

standing and those who are seated.


Some facilities have a concierge and reception desk at the entrance to control

access to a site. Both people who are standing and people using wheelchairs must

be able to access and use these desks.

Small segregated cut-outs or service areas added onto counter designs for people

using wheelchairs or scooters are not acceptable, since they isolate, rather than

integrate, people with disabilities. Further, separate lowered sections often

become storage and/or product display areas. All counters must provide equal

and integrated access for people with mobility disabilities.

The height of counter surfaces should range from 730 mm to 860 mm above the

finished floor (AFF). A seating space with a minimum clear floor area of 800 mm ×

1,350 mm should be provided, as well as knee space and adequate manoeuvring

space for approach. A high service area for standing users may also be provided;

however, the main service area should be universally accessible.

4.2 RECEPTION DESKS AND SERVICE COUNTERS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

4.2.1 Desk/counter is accessible height or variety of heights 5


Ensures desk or counter height is accessible by all,

including people using wheelchairs or scooters,

those who access the desk or service counter from a

seated position, and people who are standing

Ensures the height of counter surfaces ranges from

730 mm to 860 mm AFF

Provides a high service area for standing; however,

the main service area should be universally

accessible

4.2.2 Space for knee clearance at transaction points for

public and staff

5




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


Ensures space for knees at transaction points, where

a physical action or exchange takes place between

people, such as processing a payment, obtaining a

washroom key, etc.

Provides, at these locations, adequate knee

clearance for people who access the service counter

from a seated position

4.2.3 Clear space for approach for public and staff 3


Provides clear space along route to allow people

using wheeled mobility devices to access desk or

counter with ease

Ensures space allows for adequate reach over the

desk/counter for all users

4.2.4 Clearly visible from entrance doors with direct route 3


Ensures reception desks and service counters are

highly visible and can be easily located by all site

users, and are situated on a direct, unobstructed

route from the entrance



Provides clear, understandable identification

signage indicating the purpose or function of the

desk or counter

Ensures signs use a large font and contrasting

colours

Ensures signs are easy to locate




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures signs are well positioned and within easy

reach for people who are blind or have low vision

Provides tactile signage with raised lettering and

Braille

4.2.6 Desk/counter is colour contrasted with surroundings 2


Ensures desk/counter contrasts visually with

adjacent surfaces (e.g., floor, walls)



4.3 Waiting Areas, General Seating, Meeting Rooms and Lounges

General seating should be provided in waiting areas and meeting rooms — where

people need to wait, rest, or meet. It should be comfortable and offer a variety of

seating types to accommodate all users.

4.3 WAITING AREAS, GENERAL SEATING, MEETING ROOMS

AND LOUNGES


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

4.3.1 Variety of seating types 5


Provides a variety of seating options, including

seats with and without armrests, seats with

backrests, and fixed and movable seats, to suit

different people





AND LOUNGES


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


can cause confusion for persons with low vision

Ensures seats are comfortable, with firm padding

and rounded edges

Provides priority seats for people with disabilities

or older individuals

Provides surfaces for placing objects so people are

not required to bend to the floor

Ensures seating is located close to concierge desk

(if present)

Maximum points:


stand up with ease

Provides chairs with different heights and widths

4.3.2 Arrangement of seating with clear space 3



unobstructed from main circulation route

Arranges seating to provide clear areas beside

seats to accommodate people using mobility

devices, parents with strollers, and people with

service dogs

Maximum points:

Provides flexible seating that allows seating

arrangements to be easily altered to

accommodate individual situations



AND LOUNGES


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

4.3.3 Upholstery is matte, non-slip without bold pattern,

and contrasts with environment

2


Ensures upholstery is plain coloured or has a

simple pattern, as strong patterns, such as stripes


low vision



4.3.5 Tables are stable with rounded corners 2


Ensures tables remain in place when in use

Ensures tables are round or have no sharp corners

or edges

4.3.6 Floor finishes are firm and slip resistant, with no

glare or strongly patterned carpet or flooring

3


Has plain, light-coloured flooring or simple-

patterned flooring; strong patterns, such as stripes


low vision, while solid, dark colours can create a




4.4 Kitchen

Everyone should be able to access and use kitchen areas in commercial sites.

Kitchens should be located on an accessible route, adjacent to any dining or

seating areas. Several features can help ensure ease of use for everyone open

layouts, pull-down or reachable cupboards or storage areas, work surfaces

adjacent to or under appliances, seating areas that colour contrast with adjacent

wall and floor surfaces, and counters with rounded corners.

Refer to CSA B651-12, 7.4.4 Kitchens, p. 151-158, for additional details.

4.4 KITCHEN


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

4.4.1 Entrance is accessible 5


Provides a manual swing door with low resistance

closer and accessible hardware (e.g., levered

handle)

Ensures door is identified from adjacent surfaces

via colour or a change in surface texture

Maximum points:

Provides a power-operated door

Ensures door provides clear visibility (e.g.,

tempered clear or frosted glass, vision panels),

allowing people to identify any hazards

Please refer to Doors and Doorways in Interior

Circulation category for additional details.

4.4.2 Clear space for manoeuvring 5



4.4 KITCHEN


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Provides adequate turning radius for people using


turn around within a kitchen

4.4.3 Sink faucet is automatic or has lever-type handles 5


Ensures lever-type handles or an automated

faucet on sink

Maximum points:

Ensures a visual temperature indicator on faucet

4.4.4 Accessible-height sink 4


Ensures enough space for wheelchair users to

wheel under sink — typically 680 mm

Ensures pipes are insulated, with no exposed

sharp edges or projecting components

4.4.5 Knee clearance under sink 4


Provides knee clearance for wheelchair users —

typically 680–760 mm

Ensures the lower shelf typically provided under a

sink is removed to enable a wheelchair user to

easily roll under it

4.4.6 Adjacent accessible, level work surface beside all

appliances

4


Provides an accessible counter space with an 800–

915 mm work surface and 680–760 mm of knee

clearance underneath

4.4.7 Microwave mounting height accessible and safe 5


4.4 KITCHEN


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


Ensures the microwave is located on a counter

with 600 mm of clear space on latch side of unit

[Note: Raised units mounted under counters are

not accessible and are considered a significant

burn/scald hazard.]

Maximum points:

Has pull-out counter (cutting-board style)

underneath unit/counter

4.4.8 Accessible storage options 3


Ensures storage is accessible to people using

wheeled mobility devices



Provides flat, even light to minimize shadows

Provides task lighting at workstations/areas


4.4.10 Variety of seating and table options 5


Ensures tables are at an accessible height for all

users; where elevated tables are desirable (e.g., at

a bar), they are provided in addition to accessible

tables

Ensures a variety of seating options are available

to suit different people, including seats with and

without arm rests, seats with backrests, and fixed

and movable seats


4.4 KITCHEN


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Maximum points:

Provides flexible seating that allows seating

arrangements to be easily altered to

accommodate individual situations

Provides chairs with different heights and widths

4.5 Acoustic Considerations

Acoustics should be appropriate for the type of site and enable all users to hear

clearly without interference from background noise or excessive reverberation.

Acoustics are influenced by a number of factors, including layout, room shape and

size, fabrics, and furnishings. In general, soft surfaces, such as carpeting, curtains,

ceiling tiles and upholstery, will absorb sound; hard surfaces, such as concrete,

brick, tile and wood, tend to reflect sounds, which can create a noisy and echoing

environment.

The location of a site or room is important when it comes to acoustics. If it is

located on a busy thoroughfare, sound dampening materials such as double-

glazed windows will help to reduce the effects of outside noise. Ventilation

systems, commonly called heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)

systems, can sometimes be noisy.

Most site systems are electro-mechanical. The acoustic properties of boilers used

for heating or chillers used for air conditioning are determined at the design

stage.

4.5 ACOUSTIC CONSIDERATIONS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

4.5.1 Sound damping where spoken word is expected 5


4.5 ACOUSTIC CONSIDERATIONS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


Ensures all users, including those wearing hearing

aids, are able to hear clearly with minimal

interference from background noise

4.5.2 Volume of speakers and voice paging systems

adjustable per area

3


Provides individual controls to allow systems to be

operated independently for different areas of a

site

4.5.3 Double-glazed windows are installed 2


Has double-glazed windows installed in areas

susceptible to noise

4.6 Illumination

Please refer to the Illumination and Lighting subsection in the Fundamental

Requirements section.

4.6 ILLUMINATION


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

4.6.1 Flooring, walkway, ramp and stairway surfaces are

illuminated with additional lighting

4


Ensures flooring, walkway, ramp and stairway

surfaces are illuminated and can be used safely at

any time of day or night


4.6 ILLUMINATION


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures shadows and reflective glare are

minimized

4.6.2 Levels are consistent throughout site/site 4


Ensures light is evenly distributed throughout

rooms and circulation areas

Ensures lighting minimizes creation of shadows on

walls and floors

Ensures light levels in hallways and corridors are

similar to feature areas, rooms and spaces

Maximum points:

Ensures generally higher light levels (e.g., 25%

higher than standard)

4.6.3 Lighting individually controlled in task areas (if

required for expected usage)

4


Provides flexibility within lighting design, such as

provision of local lighting and task lighting

enabling people to control their own lighting levels

Maximum points:

Uses passive infrared sensors to increase light

levels automatically

4.6.4 Interaction between lighting and surfaces minimizes

glare

3


Ensures lighting is positioned to minimize glare,

reflection or shadows; glare can cause confusion

or disorientation, and shadows reduce visibility or


4.6 ILLUMINATION


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

create false impressions, which can create

potential tripping hazards

Ensures surfaces minimize any glare or reflection;

glare is reduced by using matte finishes, low-gloss

varnish, and non-reflective glass and by avoiding

mirrored surfaces

4.6.5 No abrupt changes in lighting levels at entrance 3


Ensures people are able to transition easily

between outdoor and indoor areas, with no

sudden contrast in light levels

4.6.6 Windows are glazed or fitted with material to

reduce glare

3


Ensures windows have anti-glare, non-reflective

properties or coatings

Provides window blinds or shades to control glare

from the sun


Some innovative ideas to improve interior services and the environment include:

Sound design to reduce echo within a site. This includes solid-core doors

and assistive listening devices for use in the site.

A hearing enhancement system (e.g., induction loop) in the reception area

for the benefit of people with hearing aids.

Elevated dishwasher in a communal kitchen area to enable all people to

load/unload with ease. This is a truly Universal Design solution benefiting

people of all statures. Using the current standard position, everyone must


bend over. Raising the dishwasher places its surface at 1,066 mm, higher

than a standard 915 mm counter and easier for tall people to use.

An electrical receptacle located at either the side or front of a kitchen

counter, rather than at the back, eliminating the need to reach across a

counter.

Lighting that reduces eye fatigue, including flicker and glare-minimizing

light bulbs and full-spectrum fluorescent tubes.

Photoluminescence (glow-in-the-dark) treatments on fixtures (e.g.,

obstacles, features, stairs).

Sanitary Facilities Page 166

5 Sanitary Facilities



total.


5.1 Washrooms 80

5.2 Showers 37


Description

Sanitary facilities are the areas that house washrooms, showers and change

rooms. They must be located on an accessible route, in close proximity to the

feature area(s) they are serving. They need to have appropriate directional

signage, be clearly identified, and be safe, easy to use, clean and comfortable for

everyone.

Creating accessible sanitary facilities goes well beyond ensuring barrier-free

entrances or installing grab bars. They must ensure the protection of an

individual’s privacy, dignity, and security while accommodating a much wider user

group than in years past. Demand for real accessibility in public or commercial

sanitary facilities is increasing due to our aging population combined with a more

active community of people with disabilities.

To accommodate a range of users, no-touch features are recommended. Because

they are more accessible and more sanitary for everyone, the more no-touch

features, the better. These include screen walls or motion-controlled power-

operated doors, and automated toilets, faucets, hand dryers, dispensers and

other accessories.

Single-user restrooms at trailheads, including prefabricated restroom units,

should be located on an accessible route. They must meet technical requirements


for signage, have clear floor space inside the restroom and around the toilet, and

have lavatory sinks, urinals, switches and controls, electrical outlets, grab bars

and doors.

Refer to CSA B651-12, 6.2 Washroom facilities, p. 91-124, for additional details.

5.1 Washrooms

Washroom arrangements found in commercial and public facilities are principally

designated:

Male and female (single-sex), with multiple stalls, including accessible stalls

and limited mobility stalls for independent use;

Single occupancy (unisex/universal) accessible facilities

Family washrooms (facilities for assisted use)

Unisex/universal washrooms and family washrooms (facilities for assisted use)

can be used by both sexes, and they provide the greatest flexibility for people

who need assistance, such as people with disabilities, older adults or small

children, many of whom may have an attendant of a different gender. They allow

people to attend to their personal needs in privacy and with dignity. In most

cases, users should be able to access these facilities without a key or without

having to ask for assistance.

Unisex/universal and family washrooms are required to be placed adjacent to all

newly constructed washroom facilities and should have a separate entrance.

Unisex/universal washrooms are designed to accommodate people using

wheelchairs and other mobility devices, or those who need extra space. Family

accessible washrooms provide families and small groups with all the fixtures and

accessories they need in a single room.

Conventional, single-sex washrooms must also be accessible and user-friendly.

Stalls, urinals and hand-washing facilities should be arranged logically, based on


typical user behaviour, with at least one accessible toilet stall to accommodate

people with wheeled mobility devices. At least one limited mobility stall — a

standard-sized stall equipped with rear and sidewall grab bars — should be

provided in addition to the accessible stall(s). [Note: In existing sites, if it is

difficult to provide accessible single-sex washrooms, the unisex/universal

accessible washroom can be substituted.]

General guidelines to correct the most common code violations and improve the

overall accessibility of conventional single-sex washrooms include:

Ensuring doors on accessible stalls are easy to open and close; they should be

equipped with a graspable pull on the inside face of the door (near the hinge

side) as well as on the outside of the door (near the latch side)

Ensuring doors on accessible toilet stalls open outward to provide ample room

for manoeuvring inside the stall for a wheeled mobility device; if doors are

inward opening, they should be equipped with lift-off hinges to allow removal

of the door if a person becomes trapped

Ensuring doors on accessible stalls are easy to lock: a sliding-style lock is

accessible to all users, as long as they’re operable with a closed fist; rotary

locks are not appropriate, as they require good dexterity to operate unless

modified to include flanged handles; [Note: Stall locks must allow opening

from outside the stall with a special tool for emergency use.]

Ensuring the toilet stall door aligns with the transfer space adjacent to the

toilet; this enables wheeled mobility devices to head directly to the transfer

space without having to manoeuvre around the toilet

Ensuring corner sinks, which are highly desirable, are installed inside larger

accessible stalls; if space is available, a corner sink should be incorporated into

the stall design; [Note: Space can often be created by realigning the stall entry

door.]

Providing privacy screens between each urinal, and between the urinals and

adjacent sink or stall area


Ensuring walls, floors or other large fields of tile/colour include high-contrast

features/areas to enhance depth perception, assist in wayfinding, and

minimize vertigo in users

Providing an AC outlet (or at least having a spot roughed in for the outlet)

adjacent to each accessible toilet to accommodate adaptive devices in

anticipation of electrically operated assistive devices for people with mobility

impairments (e.g., Toto toilets seats that wash and dry users automatically, lift

toilet seats); this should be required in all new construction.

5.1 WASHROOMS


Max.

Points

Mand

atory

5.1.1 Power-operated door with sufficient opening time, or a

screen wall entry

5


Is sufficient for people who are slow moving

Takes at least three seconds to move from a closed to

fully open position

Remains fully open for a sufficient length of time to

allow all site users to safely enter or exit the site — at

least five seconds

5.1.2 Minimum force required to open entry door, including

power operated and screen wall

3


5.1 WASHROOMS


Max.

Points

Mand

atory

Note: Appropriate for free-swing door and door that has a

closer


If manual door, ensures it is easy to open with minimal

force (e.g., low friction hinges or light weight door)

Ensures the force applied at the handle, push plate, or

latch-releasing device does not exceed 22 N (5 lbf.) for

interior doors

Ensures self-closing doors are equipped with automated

delayed-action closers

Ensures the effort needed to overcome the resistance of

the door closer is low enough to allow people with

disabilities to pass through with reasonable ease

Ensures delayed-action door closers allow the door to

remain open long enough for all users to pass through;

the closing period must not be less than three seconds

measured from the door in an open position of 70° to

the doorway, to a point 75 mm from the closed position

measured from the leading edge of the latch side of the

door

5.1.3 Clear width of entry 3


5.1 WASHROOMS


Max.

Points

Mand

atory


For entry door:

Provides adequate clear width to accommodate power

wheelchairs and scooters and other wheeled mobility

devices (i.e., a minimum clear width of 760 mm; current

best practice is 860 mm)

Provides clear space for manoeuvring on both sides of

doorway

For screen wall entry:

Ensures screen wall is easy to navigate, with no 90°

outside edges or obstructions, and adequate clear width

to accommodate all users

Ensures screen wall is wide enough for two people to

pass easily

5.1.4 Entry door and toilet stall have accessible hardware 3


5.1 WASHROOMS


Max.

Points

Mand

atory


Ensures the opening hardware on entry or toilet stall

doors, including handles, pulls, latches, locks and other

operational devices, is easy to use (i.e., operable with

one hand, using minimal force, and not requiring fine

finger control, tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the

wrist)

Ensures locking hardware on entry or toilet stall doors is

operable with one hand and allows door to be unlocked

from the outside in case of emergency

Note: Doors to washrooms and other enclosed spaces

with no other exit should not be equipped with

deadbolts or other means of security which can only be

manipulated from the inside. Instead they should be

equipped with hardware than can be released from the

outside with a special tool/key or similar hardware (e.g.,

an easily manipulated push-lock doorknob).

5.1.5 Entry door is colour contrasted with adjacent surfaces 3


If entry door, ensures door contrasts visually with

adjacent walls

If screen wall entry, ensures wall surfaces contrast

visually with the floor

5.1.6 Accessible universal washroom 5


Minimum requirements (unisex/universal and family):

Provides a sink within reach of a person seated on the

toilet

Ensures the height of the sink is suitable for adults or

people of short stature and provides clear knee space for

those who are using the sink from a seated position

Includes a shelf for personal use

Provides a sanitary dispenser within easy reach

Provides a sanitary disposal bin on side wall under grab

bar and near the front edge of the toilet; it should not be

mounted on the rear wall

Ensures the mirror (full length) can be used by people in

wheelchairs or scooters

Has a coat hook mounted on a side wall at an accessible

height

Minimum requirements (family):

Ensures room size is large enough to accommodate

families/small groups and strollers or mobility aids

Includes one or more accessible toilets (e.g., adult and

child), with or without a privacy screen

Provides a baby change table at appropriate operating

height with knee clearance

Has delayed-action, low-resistance door closers on

family facilities

Maximum points (unisex/universal and family):

Provides adult dimension change table/bench

(adjustable height)

Ensures, where more than one accessible unisex

washroom is provided, the layouts provide transfer

space on alternate sides of the toilet and installation of


5.1 WASHROOMS


Max.

Points

Mand

atory

wall-mounted/fold-down grab bars, including a toilet

paper dispenser, on both sides

Provides a shelf for personal appliances

Provides increased light levels overall

Provides acoustic treatments to reduce overall sound

levels and minimize echo

Provides D-handle mounted on the pull side of the door

where no automatic closers are present

5.1.7 Clear space for manoeuvring and transfer 5


Dimensions ensure that a wheelchair user has clear

space to turn and position themselves adjacent to the

toilet

Dimensions ensure that a wheelchair user has the choice

of preferred transfer arrangements (i.e., lateral, angled,

frontal or rear)

Note: Overall required dimensions depend on the door

position and whether the door swings inwards or

outwards as well as whether the toilet is wall hung or

floor mounted.

5.1.8 Grab bars at appropriate height and locations 5


5.1 WASHROOMS


Max.

Points

Mand

atory


Ensures grab bars are mounted on the side wall beside

the toilet, with adequate clearance from the wall; grab

bars should not be mounted on stall dividers unless they

are rated to carry a minimum load of 133 kg

Ensures diameter of grab bars is appropriate for holding

Maximum points:

Ensures grab bars are installed at an angle of 120°

(elbow style), based on current best practice for height

and positioning; although they meet site code standards,

bars installed vertically at 90° are not recommended, as

they are difficult for people with reduced arm strength

to use.

Ensures a rear-wall-mounted, fold-down grab bar

located on the transfer side of the toilet is available to

assist people who are ambulatory, but who still require

support

5.1.9 Toilets are a tank style or back supports are provided 4 Minimum/maximum requirements:

Provides a back rest or toilet seat lid so someone with

limited balance can lean against it; the toilet seat is not

the spring-up type

Ensures, where a tank-type toilet is used, the tank is

secured (bolted down) so someone can lean on it during

a transfer

Where a tank-type toilet is not used, provides a toilet

seat cover that rests against a rear grab bar at an angle

of between 95° and 110° for back support

5.1.10 Toilet flushing mechanisms are within easy reach 4


5.1 WASHROOMS


Max.

Points

Mand

atory


Ensures hand-operated flushing controls are accessible

and easy to use.

Note: Toilet flush handles are positioned on the transfer

side of the toilet (the side opposite the wall), or within

easy reach for a person who has transferred back onto

their wheeled mobility device, eliminating the need to

reach over the toilet to flush. For many people using

wheelchairs or with mobility disabilities or poor balance

and for people who are blind or have low vision, this

reach creates an unnecessary falling hazard.

Maximum points:

Ensures automatic toilets have a manual flush override

control within easy reach from the transfer side of the

toilet

5.1.11 Toilet paper dispensers at appropriate height and

locations

5


Ensures toilet paper dispenser is mounted on the side

wall, typically below the grab bar and within comfortable

reach from a sitting position (typically in line with the

front edge of the toilet); forcing users to reach up or in

front of the toilet creates a significant falling hazard for

most people with mobility and vision disabilities

Maximum points:

Follows current best practices for height and positioning

Provides an open-roll toilet paper dispenser design in

accessible stalls; this type of dispenser, easily mounted


5.1 WASHROOMS


Max.

Points

Mand

atory

under the grab bar, allows people with limited mobility

or dexterity to grasp and pull

5.1.12 Power outlet near toilet 2


Ensures an AC outlet adjacent to each accessible toilet to

accommodate adaptive devices (or at least has a spot

roughed in for the outlet)

5.1.13 Urinals are at recommended heights or at variable heights

without a step

4


Provides clear floor area, centred in front of the urinal(s),

with sufficient space for approach by wheelchair users

Ensures clear floor area is adjacent to an accessible route

and unobstructed by floor level changes or privacy

screens

Ensures at least one urinal is equipped with two

vertically mounted grab bars (one on either side), to

provide support for people with walking aids

Ensures at least one urinal is mounted at a lower height

to accommodate little people and children

Ensures urinals are stall-type or wall-hung bowls; urinal

troughs should never be used as they are inappropriate

for people who are blind or have low vision

Provides with flush controls that are automatically

operated or easily operated manually with a closed fist

Provides privacy screens between each urinal and also

between the urinals and adjacent sink or cubicle area

5.1.14 Urinals are colour contrasted with adjacent surface 2



5.1 WASHROOMS


Max.

Points

Mand

atory

Ensures urinals are colour contrasted with the

surrounding surfaces; this is easiest to achieve by

painting the adjacent wall

Provides tactile centreline indicator for people who are

blind or have low vision; this can be achieved by

installing a raised piece of tile in a contrasting colour

above the urinal

5.1.15 Sink and counter at recommended height with knee

clearance and safety precautions

5


Provides adequate knee clearance

Ensures hot water and drain pipes are offset to the rear,

to help protect people using wheelchairs from burns and

abrasions.

Ensures, where only one sink is equipped with an offset

drain, the accessible sink is clearly identified using the

international symbol; where all sinks are so equipped

(preferred), no identification is necessary

Ensures hot water pipes are insulated or covered if they

abut required clearances

Ensures faucet is easy to reach

Ensures washroom sinks intended for use by people with

disabilities include a counter or adjacent shelf

Ensures sharp corners and edges on counters, shelves,

and vanities are blunted

Maximum points:

Ensures current best practices for height

Provides variable-height sinks


5.1 WASHROOMS


Max.

Points

Mand

atory

Provides a child step at one sink without blocking

wheelchair access

5.1.16 All accessories at recommended heights and locations

(hand dryers, mirrors and coat hooks)

4


Has hand dryers or paper towel dispensers positioned

adjacent to mirror, sink, and soap dispenser and within

easy reach from a seated position, with a recommended

height of 1,000-1,200 mm above the finished floor (AFF)

Note: Pushing a wheelchair with wet hands to access a

paper towel dispenser is hazardous — not only do hands

become dirty again, but wet hands can also slip off the

wheel, which can cause the wheelchair user to fall. Wet

hands are also hazardous for people using walking aids,

as people can lose their grip.

Ensures mirror is usable from a seated position; fixed

full-height mirrors with their base 900-1,000 mm AFF are

preferred by the community over tilted mirrors

Provides a coat hook on the side wall of an accessible

stall, not mounted on the door, and at an accessible

height

Has sanitary disposal receptacles mounted on the side

wall and within easy reach of toilet

Ensures garbage cans or other obstacles do not block

access to the paper towel dispensers or the required pull

space beside the exit door

Maximum points:

Provides both an automated blow dryer and paper towel

dispensers


5.1 WASHROOMS


Max.

Points

Mand

atory

Has a complete range of amenities available, all

accessible

5.1.17 Automated fixtures and plumbing, or easy operation 4


Provides accessible taps (lever or hands-free automated)

on sinks, and soap dispensers; the minimum

requirement is for a single, thermostatically controlled,

lever-operated faucet (hands-free is preferred, and

separate controls for hot water and cold water are not

permitted)

Ensures hand dryers or paper towel dispensers are easy

to operate by people with reduced dexterity (lever-

operated or automatic/hands-free design); many designs

require users to reach up, often with both hands, grasp

firmly and pull down, which is not accessible for people

with disabilities

Maximum points:

Ensures all fixtures are accessible and automated

Provides visual temperature indicators on faucets

5.1.18 Floor surface is stable, firm, and non-slip 4 Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section.

5.1.19 Emergency call button 3 Minimum requirements:

Provides an emergency call button in all accessible

washroom stalls and family washrooms to allow people

that may have fallen to call for assistance

Note: Monitored intercom systems are preferred, as

they minimize disruption caused by accidental/false


5.1 WASHROOMS


Max.

Points

Mand

atory

alarms. Alternatively, an alarm with both audible and

visual signals that is located in an adjacent hallway and

clearly signed is acceptable. The call button must be

located at a centreline mounting height of 480 mm

above the finished floor and mounted on a clear wall

within 600 mm of the toilet, so that it is usable by a

person who is unable to get up from the floor

Ensures call button is operable with one hand and with

minimal force; it should not require fine finger control,

tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist

Ensures call button is mounted on an open clear wall at

an accessible height

Maximum points:

Ensures emergency call button is accessible and

operable from a supine position

5.1.20 Signage at recommended location and uses international

symbols and shapes, raised lettering and Braille

3


Provides signage using standardized symbols

consistently throughout the facility

Ensures signage incorporates raised lettering or symbols

that are 1–3 mm high

Ensures Braille lettering is located in a consistent

location, preferably near the bottom of the sign

Ensures sign is mounted at approximate eye level such

that it is easy to locate; current best practice is a

centreline height 1,200 mm AFF.

If there is no door, ensures signs are mounted on the

outside walls on both sides of the entrance


5.1 WASHROOMS


Max.

Points

Mand

atory

If a door is present, ensures sign is mounted on the wall

on the latch side of the entrance, not on the door itself;

this is intended to reduce the collision hazard for people

with vision disabilities who rely on tactile signage

5.1.21 Child change table at accessible height 2


Provides change table to parents and caregivers of either

sex

Ensures change table is mounted at an accessible height

with knee clearance (preferably adjustable)

Ensures change table is located within safe reach of sink

and hand dryer

5.1.22 Water fountain is accessible (typically outside washroom) 2

Applicable or N/A


Located at an accessible height or a variety of heights,

colour contrasted with adjacent surfaces, recessed

and/or cane-detectable


Figure 37: Washroom accessory operating height (measurements in mm)

5.2 Showers

Showers are found in recreation facilities, in healthcare premises, and in some

workplaces. In each area where showers are required, at least one shower must

be accessible. Accessible shower facilities should be provided in single-sex

communal shower and changing areas. If possible, separate unisex/universal

accessible changing and shower facilities, containing a shower, a toilet, a sink and

accessories, should also be provided. Unisex/universal facilities enable a caregiver

of the opposite sex to provide assistance and should be located adjacent to single-

sex changing facilities and in close proximity to the areas they serve.

In addition to the specific requirements for a shower in the Rating Survey, a

universally designed communal shower and changing area should also include:

An optional private changing area to give users a choice

Seating adjacent to mirrors and hair dryers


A variable-height adult change bench or table to assist people who are unable

to stand while getting dressed. Specifically designed for people with

disabilities, this bench would permit users to lie down to pull on their clothing.

The bench offers grab bars to assist the user to return to the sitting position

and a padded, waterproof top to minimize the risk of pressure sores or cuts.

Rounded corners are intended to prevent injuries to others. Commercially

available manual and power-operated variable-height change benches are

available. Alternatively, a variable-height gurney could be used instead of the

bench if placed beside a wall

Colour contrast between floor and walls, and between accessories and

background surfaces

Shower accessories that are accessible by all users (soap holder, shelf, towel

bar, clothes hook, mirror)

A shower curtain for privacy and to keep the surrounding area dry

5.2 SHOWERS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

5.2.1 Number of accessible showers adequate for

expected use

5


Ensures a minimal number of accessible showers

are available for expected use

Maximum points:

Ensures number of showers provided will easily

accommodate expected use

5.2.2 Roll-in shower 5 Minimum requirements:

Provides adequate clear floor area in front of

shower entrance


Ensures entrance is an adequate width

Has easy-to-access roll-in shower for people using

wheelchairs, with adequate clear space for

manoeuvring; no fixtures that project into clear

area impede required clear space

Ensures threshold does not exceed 13 mm in

height and is beveled at a maximum slope of 1:2

(50% or approximately 26°

Maximum points:

Ensures threshold is flush with floor and

incorporates an integral floor drain

Provides an emergency call button

5.2.3 Grab bars at appropriate heights and locations 5 Minimum requirements:

Provides a total of four vertical and horizontal grab

bars in the following locations: horizontally on a

side wall, vertically on the opposite side wall,

horizontally on the back wall, and vertically on the

back wall

Ensures grab bars are colour contrasted with the


Maximum points:

Provides fixed and drop-down vertical grab bars

5.2.4 Floor surface is stable, firm and non-slip 4 Minimum/maximum requirements:

Ensures floor is level with minimal slope for

drainage and includes integral floor drain; trench

or channel drains are recommended

Ensures flooring is matte finish and slip-resistant


Ensures there are no sharp edges or trims


5.2.5 Water control mounted on wall at accessible height 4 Minimum/maximum requirements:

Ensures control is within easy reach from a seated

position

Ensures faucet is operable with a closed fist and

requires minimal force (lever operated)

Identifies temperature and volume controls clearly

and unambiguously to protect users from scalding

water

5.2.6 Hand-held shower within easy reach from seated

position

3


Ensures hose length is adequate

Provides a detachable shower head with

adjustable height, enabling alternative showering

positions (both sitting and standing)

5.2.7 Recessed soap holders or shelves located within

easy reach from seated position

3


Ensures toiletries are easy to reach from a seated

position

Ensures soap holders or shelves do not impede

required clear space and are of adequate size to

hold toiletries

Maximum points:

Provides easy-to-reach towel bar and clothes hook

Provides a mirror at accessible height close by


5.2.8 Wall-mounted non-slip fold-down seat that is self-

draining

3


Provides fold-down shower seat with backrest for

showering or changing; a seat that folds to a

horizontal position allows persons to use the

shower in a seated or standing position

Provides a smooth, non-slip surface without rough

edges

Provides easy-to-clean seat of adequate size and

strength

Ensures seat does not impede clear space of

shower

Provides seat that is colour contrasted with


Maximum points:

Provides additional fold-down seat for drying

5.2.9 Adult change table 5

N/A only if included in change room


A manually operated variable-height adult change

bench or table to assist people who are unable to

stand while getting dressed

A variable-height gurney could be used instead of

the bench if placed beside a wall

Maximum Points:

Power-operated variable-height change bench


Figure 38: Roll-in shower stall – typical features (measurements in mm)


Figure 39: Adult change bench (measurements in mm)


Some innovative ideas for improving accessibility in sanitary facilities include:

A high-tech toilet (e.g., Toto).

A child and ambulatory washroom stall (accommodates people who use cane

or crutches).

A disposal sink in family and unisex/universal washrooms adjacent to the toilet

for people with personal appliances.


A heat lamp with pre-set temperature controls.

Talking signs for people who are blind or have low vision.

Warm-air body dryer in showers and changing areas

Signage, Wayfinding and Communications Page 191

6 Signage, Wayfinding and Communications



total.


6.1 General Signage and Wayfinding 36

6.2 Room Signage 25

6.3 Directory Board/Information Kiosk 17

6.4 Communications 15


Description

Wayfinding describes how people navigate the built environment to get from one

place to another. Good wayfinding allows people to move independently through

urban settings and within sites by providing multiple cues and engaging the

senses. It “allows people to (1) determine their location within a setting; (2)

determine their destination; (3) develop a plan to take them from their location

to their destination; and (4) execute the plan and negotiate any required

changes.”3 Wayfinding is particularly important in complex environments.

Without it, people can become disoriented and frustrated. “All strategies for

wayfinding should communicate effectively to the broadest group possible,

including people with a wide range of sensory abilities, intellectual abilities,

literacy levels, languages and physical statures.”4

Wayfinding relies on both architectural and information cues that help people to

construct a mental map of the area. Architectural wayfinding helps people to

establish a pattern in the environment and includes spatial planning,

3 Mayor’s Office for People with Disabilities, 2001, Universal Design New York, New York: City of New York. 4 Mayor’s Office for People with Disabilities, 2003, Universal Design New York, New York City: City of New York


architectural forms and circulation systems. Examples of architectural wayfinding

include:

Providing clearly defined paths and hallways and well-defined edges, such

as walls, screens or columns

Locating elevators, ramps and stairs in obvious locations

Locating recurring elements, such as washrooms, elevators and emergency

exits, in the same place on each floor of a multi-storey site

Providing markers or unique features that people associate with different

parts of a site; they can be multi-sensory and may include a special lighting

fixture, art piece, window or water feature — something that people can

use to easily identify a particular area or location

Using interior design features, such as distinctive wall and floor treatments

or colours, to define different zones in a site; this is an inexpensive, low-

tech way of guiding people through a venue, and it is helpful for people

with low vision and for those who are unable to read the language on

conventional signage

Information wayfinding delivers information directly with visual, tactile and

audible formats. Examples of information wayfinding include:

Visual and tactile signs

Audible information, such as public address systems

Mobile apps that site users can access from their mobile devices; some

facilities, such as hospitals, provide custom apps that guide users as they

navigate a facility

6.1 General Signage and Wayfinding

Wayfinding and general signage refer to elements related to “architectural

wayfinding” and “information wayfinding”. At its simplest, architectural

wayfinding may be provided via interior design features, such as distinctive floor

and wall treatments, as well as colour and sound elements used to delineate a

space. A carpeted area adjacent to linoleum may be used to differentiate

different uses of space in a site. At Vancouver International Airport, for example,


all boarding areas are identified using carpeting, while exits are identified with tile

flooring, and all retail areas with other floor surface treatments.

Similarly, information wayfinding may be provided via signage and other modes of

direct communication. Using a combination of both is the most effective means of

identifying a space.

Signage should be simple, clear, consistent and unambiguous. There are four

basic types of signs used in wayfinding:

Information or descriptive signs: These provide overall orientation to a site

and include maps, plans, diagrams, and directory signs; tactile maps and

models which include Braille, raised characters, or symbols, provide

orientation for people with low vision

Directional signs: These include arrows providing directional guidance

within any size of site, and they are located where most visible, generally

overhead and perpendicular to the path of travel; exterior route

information should include approximate distance and gradient information

where appropriate

Identification signs: These identify specific locations, such as a particular

site or facility, or an individual room, and they include site name signs,

name signs, room name, or number signs

Mandatory safety signs: These are required by regulation for the safety of

all site users and include fire safety signs and notices, and emergency exit

signs

Signs incorporating pictorial symbols along with text are helpful for people with

learning disabilities or for those who are unfamiliar with the language used on the

signage.

Signs need to be mounted so that people using wheelchairs as well as people with

low vision can see them easily. Overhead signage is ineffective for most people

who have low vision.


Refer to CSA B651-12, 4.5 Signage, p. 29-36, for additional details.

6.1 GENERAL SIGNAGE AND WAYFINDING


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

6.1.1 Directional signage is comprehensive and clearly

visible

5

N/A only if there isn't a need for directional signage


Ensures signage is located where is it clearly

visible, which is generally overhead and

perpendicular to the path of travel

Ensures size of letters or symbols allows sign to be

read from a reasonable viewing distance

Ensures signage is uncluttered

Maximum points:

Provides signs in visual, tactile and audible formats

6.1.2 Signage uses Arabic numerals and/or sans serif

lettering

4

N/A only if there aren't any numbers or letters


Uses easy-to-read sans serif fonts, which are clear,

uncomplicated, and which incorporate good letter

spacing, and avoids decorative or italicized fonts,

which people with low vision have difficulty

reading




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Uses only Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.) and avoids

Roman numerals, which are not universally

recognized

Uses a consistent font for all signage throughout

the facility

6.1.3 Signs have glare-free surface 4

NA only if there isn't a sign


Ensures surface finish of signs is matte or satin, as

shiny or reflective surfaces are a potential source

of glare or reflections and may be difficult to read

Note: Signs mounted on reflective backgrounds or

Plexiglas are ineffective for people with low vision.

6.1.4 Blade signage is used to supplement overhead

signage where useful

4

N/A only if not useful


Provides projecting blade signage to ensure

people are able to easily identify key areas of a

site

6.1.5 High-contrast text on single-coloured backgrounds 4

N/A only if no text on sign


Ensures letters and symbols contrast visually with

sign board




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures signboard contrasts visually with

mounting or background surface

6.1.6 Signs with text are efficiently worded 4

N/A only if no text on sign


Provides simple, brief wording

Ensures words and short sentences begin with a

capital letter and continue in lower case; using

wholly capitalized words should be avoided

Avoids abbreviations

Displays information logically

Aligns wording to the left

6.1.7 Use of international symbols/pictograms on signage

where useful

4

N/A only if clear that is not useful


Uses standard, internationally recognized symbols

in place of, or to supplement, text, which is helpful

to people with learning disabilities, to children, or

to people who do not understand the language

used on the sign

Ensures symbols that are not universally

recognized are accompanied by text

6.1.8 Signs well illuminated (if site expected to be lit) 3

N/A only if there is no power or policy is day use only,

or no signs




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


Ensures signs, including maps and directories, are

evenly illuminated with an appropriate level of

lighting for the room conditions and use

Ensures additional lighting does not create glare

6.1.9 Wayfinding includes a variety of techniques

(landmarks, surface treatments, colour, sound,

scents, lighting)

4

N/A only if the facility is a very small space or similar

circumstance


Ensures design features, such as distinctive wall

and surface treatments or colours, are used to

define different zones either inside or outside a

site

Ensures different areas at the site are identified

using unique multi-sensory features, such as a

fountain, scented plants, a piece of art, etc.

Figure 40: International symbol of access

INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL OF ACCESS

(A) DISPLAY CONDITIONS (B) PROPORTIONS


6.2 Room Signage

Where doors are present, signage should be mounted on the wall on the latch

side of the door. It should not be mounted on the door itself. This is intended to

reduce the collision hazard for people who are blind or have low vision and who

rely on tactile signage.

Where there is no entry door, signs are located on both sides of the entrance.

Only principal rooms and doors should be identified — not smaller rooms

contained within main areas, unless these rooms are considered feature areas.

6.2 ROOM SIGNAGE


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

6.2.1 Lettering size is recommended minimum or larger 5

N/A only if there aren't any letters, for example, only

symbols


Ensures room signs are clearly visible from a

distance

6.2.2 Sign includes Braille, raised lettering and/or symbol 4


Uses raised lettering, which can be easily read by

touch, and not engraved lettering; lettering or

symbols are raised up 1 mm from the background

Ensures Braille is located directly below the text

Ensures room signs have the minimum number of

characters possible, to assist people reading by

touch, and use a combination of upper and lower

case characters


6.2 ROOM SIGNAGE


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

The presence of Braille on a sign is indicated by a

marker or notch on the left edge

6.2.3 Sign at recommended height 4 Minimum/maximum requirements:

Ensures centreline of sign is 1,350 mm above the

finished floor (AFF) and within 150 mm of the door

jamb/frame

Ensures signs can be viewed from a comfortable

viewing distance and Braille is within easy reach

6.2.4 High-contrast text and single-coloured backgrounds 4

N/A only if there isn't any text


Uses characters and symbols in colours that

contrast with the sign’s background, preferably

single-coloured backgrounds

Note: White on green LED signs provide sufficient

contrast to be easily read.

6.2.5 Signs located on the latch side of doors, or if no

door, in consistent location

3


Ensures signs are located at the latch side of doors

or openings and not on the door itself

6.2.6 Logical numbering 3

N/A only if not numbered


Ensures rooms are easy to locate as they are in

numerical or other logical order


6.2 ROOM SIGNAGE


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

6.2.7 Use of international symbols on signage where

useful

2

N/A only if symbols not useful


Uses symbols in place of, or to supplement, text

Figure 41: Room signage (measurements in mm)

6.3 Directory Board and Information Kiosk

This element applies to directory boards and information kiosks that are found at

commercial and residential sites as well as at outdoor parks and recreational


facilities. Most sites have a directory board, while many retail outlets, such as

shopping malls, will supplement a directory board with an information kiosk to

enhance communication and the user’s experience.

6.3 DIRECTORY BOARD / INFORMATION KIOSK


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

6.3.1 Comprehensive relevant information 5 Minimum requirements:

General requirements:

Provides information enabling people to clearly

understand the layout and function of a space or

environment and to navigate independently

Maximum points:

Ensures information is usable for everyone and

includes visual, tactile map, and audible formats

6.3.2 Location of amenities where provided 3

N/A only if no amenities


Ensures directory clearly displays locations of

washrooms, viewpoints, water fountains, etc.

6.3.3 Raised lettering, Braille and tactile maps where

appropriate

3


Uses raised lettering, which can be easily read by

touch, and not engraved lettering

Braille is located directly below the text

6.3.4 Recommended height or alternative height options 3 Minimum/maximum requirements:


6.3 DIRECTORY BOARD / INFORMATION KIOSK


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures height is between 900 mm and 1,200

mm above the finished floor (AFF)

Provides adequate clearance for approach and

knee space

6.3.5 Audio with accessible controls 3

N/A only if no audio


Provides audible information to supplement the

directory board


Provides a video using American Sign Language

(ASL) or equivalent, offering an orientation of a

site’s features

6.4 Communications

6.4 COMMUNICATIONS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

6.4.1 Online and printed information accessible 5

N/A only if none available


Ensures online content allows all users to have

equal access to information; [Note: Web Content

Accessibility Guidelines, or WCAG 2.0, is an

internationally accepted standard for web


accessibility developed by the World Wide Web

Consortium.]

Ensures online content can be interpreted or

read by screen reader

Provides printed information in large font size (14

point)

6.4.2 Assisted listening device/system where

information is exchanged

5

N/A only if no information is expected to be

exchanged


Provides assistive listening technology to amplify

sound for people who are hearing impaired,

including:

FM systems that transmit sounds using radio

waves

Infrared systems that transmit sounds using light

waves

Induction loop systems, which use an

electromagnetic field to carry sound to the user’s

ears

6.4.3 Customer service/accessibility awareness training 5

N/A only if no customer service


Ensures employees have taken formal training

related to communicating with people with

disabilities



Some innovative ideas for improving accessibility for signage, wayfinding and

communications include:

Video monitors for public information dissemination.

Multiple speakers within the space, with a PA system that adjusts its volume

based on ambient conditions (e.g., occupancy and noise level).

Route information on a directory or kiosk including approximate distance or

travel time, audio, and video.

“Talking Signs” or a similar beacon or signal-based system for audio navigation.

Emergency Systems Page 205

7 Emergency Systems



total.


7.1 Emergency Exit/Refuges 28

7.2 Fire Alarm Systems and Equipment 15

7.3 Site Evacuation Instructions 20


Description

The needs of people who are deaf or hard of hearing are most often overlooked

when designing emergency and alarm systems. Conventional emergency warning

systems rely on an audible signal to alert occupants to a problem. For those who

cannot hear, this system is of little use, as they rely on visual cues.

While it is common to think someone who is able to hear would notify people

who are deaf or hard of hearing of an alarm, this makes two erroneous

assumptions: that people who are Deaf or hard of hearing are never alone, and

that an employee with hearing difficulties would never be working in isolation.

The lack of effective emergency alarm notification could be perceived as a barrier

to employment in some sectors. Exit signs and site evacuation instructions should

be easy to spot. They should also identify locations of accessible exit routes and

refuge areas.

All on-site first-aid facilities and equipment must accommodate everyone. This

requires tactile or high-contrast signage as well as accessible connecting paths for

those using wheelchairs or walking aids. In addition, the typical cot used in most

first-aid facilities must be replaced with a variable-height gurney or an accessible


change bench. An accessible unisex washroom should also be located in the

immediate vicinity of the first-aid room.

Refer to CSA B651-12, 5.7 Emergency and security, p. 81-87, for additional details.

7.1 Emergency Exit/Refuges

7.1 EMERGENCY EXIT/REFUGES


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

7.1.1 Refuge located at each protected escape-designated

stairway

5


Ensures area of refuge is available at every escape-

designated stairway and on every level

Ensures entry door to area of refuge is power

operated and has an emergency power back-up

Ensures area of refuge is smoke protected

Ensures area of refuge contains hands-free

communication system connected to an emergency

response system

7.1.2 Clear blade signage for emergency exit and refuge 5


Ensures blade signage accompanies regular flush

signage to ensure areas of refuge are visible from all

directions

Ensures exit signs clearly indicate location of closest

accessible emergency exit


Uses international signage (i.e., green running man)


7.1 EMERGENCY EXIT/REFUGES


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

7.1.3 Refuge has adequate clear space for expected usage 5


Ensures area is large enough to accommodate at

least two wheeled mobility devices

7.1.4 Emergency exit and refuge door is colour contrasted

with surrounding surface

3


Ensures entrance door to area of refuge contrasts

with adjacent surfaces such that it is clearly

identified

7.1.5 Evacuation chair or similar equipment available and

easily understood

5


Provides evacuation equipment for people with

mobility disabilities unable to use the stairs

independently (e.g., evacuation chair or roll)

Ensures site operations staff has been trained on

the proper use of equipment as part of an overall

evacuation strategy that has included feedback

from people with disabilities

7.1.6 Ground-level emergency exit is accessible 5


Ensures exit to exterior muster area of the site is

level (no steps) and has sufficient space on both

sides of the door, and that the door pushes open to

the outside with minimal force


Figure 42: Directional evacuation signage to refuge area

Figure 43: Directional evacuation signage to firefighter elevator and refuge area

7.2 Fire Alarm Systems and Equipment

7.2 FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

7.2.1 Visual fire alarms generally visible throughout

facility and where people might expect to be alone

5


Ensures visual fire alarms operate in conjunction

with audible fire alarms and are visible in all public

gathering areas

REFUGE

AREA

DIRECTIONAL EVACUATION

SIGN TO A REFUGE AREA

REFUGE

AREA

DIRECTIONAL EVACUATION SIGN

TO A FIREFIGHTER ELEVATOR


7.2 FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Provides visual fire alarms in all washrooms

throughout the facility and in front of all elevators,

as well as in storage rooms, parking garages, and

any places where people may be alone

7.2.2 Fire alarm pulls are at accessible height 5 Minimum/maximum requirements:

Ensures fire and emergency alarm operators are

mounted at maximum height of 1,200 mm above

the finished floor (AFF) and are tamper-proof to

prevent accidental activation

7.2.3 Fire-fighting equipment at accessible height 5 Minimum/maximum requirements:

Ensures fire extinguishers, hoses and related

equipment are mounted at accessible heights in

an accessible location

7.3 Site Evacuation Instructions

Easily readable emergency procedures and exit route maps are critical to

everyone’s safety. To ensure everyone, including people who have low vision, has

access to this critical information, the evacuation instructions for the site need to

appear in large print (minimum of 14 point) and in high contrast (red on white or

vice versa preferred), and to include a floor plan diagram with clearly marked exit

points. These signs are to be mounted at a maximum centreline height of 1,200

mm above the finished floor (AFF) and to have a clear space of 1,200 mm × 750

mm in front at all times.


7.3 SITE EVACUATION INSTRUCTIONS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

7.3.1 Evacuation instructions on non-reflective surface 5 Minimum requirements:

Ensures emergency evacuation instructions are

mounted on a matte surface

7.3.2 Evacuation instructions in large print and high

contrast

5


Ensures the site’s evacuation instructions appear

in large print (minimum of 14 point) and in high

contrast (red on white or vice versa preferred)

Ensures emergency evacuation instructions

provide high contrast with surrounding surfaces

without glare

7.3.3 Instructions include a floor plan diagram with clearly

marked exit points

5


Ensures emergency evacuation instructions

include tactile and Braille lettering and a clear map

or graphic of evacuation routes with clearly

marked exit points

7.3.4 Signs mounted at accessible height with clear space

directly in front

5


Ensures signs are mounted at a maximum

centreline height of 1,200 mm AFF and always

maintain a clear space of 1,200 mm × 750 mm in

front



Some innovative ideas for improving emergency systems include:

Specific equipment to evacuate people with mobility disabilities where exit

routes are not accessible or in the event of an unrecoverable elevator

failure. [Note: Manually taking wheelchair users down steps without a

mechanical advantage is difficult and even dangerous for all parties, even

those with training. Multi-storey facilities should be equipped with at least

one Evacu-Trac (emergency evacuation chair) or other similar device

designed to get people with mobility restrictions — including wheelchair

users — out via the stairs without risk to the individual or the person

assisting.]

An evacuation chair in a fire-resistant enclosure.

A fire-resistant enclosure (in refuge area) with an independent electrical

supply.

A fire-resistant elevator.

Emergency planning that specifically includes people with disabilities and

features disability awareness training for staff so they understand how to

safely evacuate or move people with disabilities to emergency refuges.

Glow-in-the-dark stair nosings and/or handrails at exit stairs.

All accessible entrances are also designed to serve as emergency exit

routes.

A reserved stairway with clear signage for use by emergency responders,

such as the fire service.

Two-way communication system in the refuge area.

An AC power outlet in the refuge area.

Lighting to assist people to wayfind out of an alarm zone.

Low-mounted exit signage that is mounted 480 mm above the finished

floor (AFF) to assist all users along exit routes — particularly people who

are blind or have low vision.

Additional Use of Space Page 212

8 Additional Use of Space



total.


8.1 Workstations 21

8.2 Public Assembly 27

8.3 Exhibit Space 27

8.4 Lodging and Temporary Accommodation 44

8.5 Outdoor Recreation 13

8.6 Cafeterias, Restaurants and Bars 29

8.7 Retail Outlets 35

8.8 Playgrounds 17

8.9 Fitness Centre 30

8.10 Pool 40

8.11 Change Room 22

8.12 Mail Service 17

8.13 Shared Laundry Room 19

8.14 Storage Facilities 19

8.15 Viewpoints 29

8.16 Visitor Centre/Information Kiosk 28

8.17 Picnic Areas 23


Description

This category includes additional areas that are specific or unique to a site. These

areas include swimming pools, cafeterias, play areas, retail outlets and fitness

centres. They must be included in the overall RHFAC rating if they are present.


8.1 Workstations

8.1 WORKSTATIONS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

8.1.1 Circulation to all work areas 5 Minimum requirements:

Ensures aisles are clear throughout work areas —

typically 915 mm or wider

Ensures storage, boxes or other obstacles are not

stored in aisles

Ensures sharp edges and corners, or immovable

obstructions, are blunted or otherwise mitigated

8.1.2 Chairs are adjustable 4 Minimum requirements:

Ensures chairs move up and down and recline with

ease

Maximum points:

Ensures chairs have adjustable armrests and

lumbar support

Ensures chairs both with arms and without arms

are available

8.1.3 Outlets and switches are at accessible heights 4 Minimum/maximum requirements:

Ensures AC outlets and data ports are mounted at

universal height — typically a centreline height of

480 mm above the finished floor (AFF)

Ensures light switches, room controls and security

pads are located at universal height — typically a

centreline height of 900–1,200 mm AFF

8.1.4 Desk height adjustable 3


8.1 WORKSTATIONS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


Has typical operating range of 600–1,200 mm AFF

8.1.5 All workstations are appropriate size for expected

usage

3


Provides workstations that accommodate all users

8.1.6 Task lighting is available 2


Provides desk lamps and individually controlled

lighting

8.2 Public Assembly

Refer to CSA B651-12, 6.7.3 Viewing spaces in assembly areas, p. 135-138, for

additional details.

8.2 PUBLIC ASSEMBLY


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

8.2.1 Accessible seating with line of sight 5 Minimum/maximum requirements:

Ensures sightlines from accessible seating

positions are not blocked if people stand up in

front of them

Includes space for wheeled mobility devices —

typically 850 × 1,200 mm

8.2.2 Accessible seating evenly distributed 4 Minimum/maximum requirements:


8.2 PUBLIC ASSEMBLY


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures accessible seating is available throughout

the room/facility (e.g., at front and back of house

as well as in the centre to create choice for users)

8.2.3 Adjacent seating for companions 4 Minimum requirements:

Ensures companion seating is located directly

beside the user — not behind or separated in any

way

Ensures companion seat is not fixed

Ensures companion seating is wheelchair

accessible

Maximum points:

Ensures companion seat is higher than a standard

chair — 500–560 mm above the finished floor

(AFF) to make conversation with people using

wheelchairs easier and more natural

8.2.4 Accessible ticket counter 4


Ensures knee space under counter is provided,

allowing people using wheelchairs to face the clerk

directly when carrying out transactions such as

processing a payment, obtaining a washroom key,

etc.

Maximum points:

Ensures an induction loop or other assistive

listening device is available at the ticket counter to

support people who are deaf or hard of hearing


8.2 PUBLIC ASSEMBLY


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures all ticket counters provide universal

counter height — typically 865 mm AFF

Ensures ticket counter surfaces are high contrast

with adjacent surfaces

8.2.5 Access to stage by performers and audience 5


Ensures stage is accessible from the wings and

backstage

Maximum points:

Ensures stage is accessible from the front of the

house and audience

8.2.6 Access to all backstage facilities 5


Ensures all areas, including dressing rooms,

washrooms, green room, etc., are accessible to

most people with disabilities


Figure 44: Terraced viewing spaces and sightlines (measurements in mm)


8.3 Exhibit Space

8.3 EXHIBIT SPACE


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

8.3.1 Accessible path of travel 5 Minimum requirements:

Ensures an accessible aisle or aisles are provided

throughout the exhibit space as well as to facility

services, such as washrooms, food services, etc.

Maximum points:


(TWSIs) along routes through displays

Ensures path of travel is clearly delineated using

high-contrast surfaces and features

8.3.2 Seating dispersed throughout space 4


Ensures seating with back support and at least

one armrest is available at approximately 30 m

intervals, plus anywhere people might be

expected to wait (e.g., lineups for popular

exhibits)

8.3.3 Accessible sight lines for all displays 4 Minimum/maximum requirements:

Ensures clear sightlines for people in the seated

position

8.3.4 Accessible interactive devices 3


Ensures controls are mounted at accessible

heights


8.3 EXHIBIT SPACE


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Maximum points:

Ensures self-serve kiosks meet standards of

CAN/CSA B651.2-07

8.3.5 Accessible operable controls 3


Ensures controls are operable without tight

grasping or twisting of the wrist

8.3.6 Alternative media for all audio/video presentations 3


Ensures support for people who are blind or have

low vision so they may enjoy display or exhibit

(e.g., descriptive video services, sign language

coverage (live or video) of presentations, and

captioning of all video presentations)

8.3.7 Alternative media for all descriptive information 3


Ensures alternative formats such as large print,

audio and Braille versions, of the information

8.3.8 Information in alternative languages for major

exhibits

2


Ensures multilingual information about exhibits is

available

8.4 Lodging and Temporary Accommodation


8.4 LODGING AND TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

8.4.1 Entrance door is fully automated or easily opened

with self-closer

5


Provides power-operated or manual door with

low resistance closer

8.4.2 Accessible door hardware 3


Uses lever handles or equivalent, as they are

more convenient for everyone

Ensures door handles, pulls, latches, locks and


hand, using minimal force, and not requiring fine

finger control, tight grasping, pinching, or

twisting of the wrist; conventional round

doorknobs should not be used in public sites


otherwise designed so they do not catch clothing

or other objects


8.4.3 Accessible options for bed heights and no platform 4


Height of top of bed allows for transfer to and

from a wheelchair, or for people with knee or

back problems to get in and out of bed —

508-584 mm above the finished floor (AFF);

platform beds are generally too low to the

ground




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures space under the bed accommodates

portable lift; platform beds generally have

insufficient space

8.4.4 Adequate number of rooms accessible 4


Ensures an adequate number of accessible rooms

are available for expected use, dispersed

throughout the site and not concentrated in a

single area

Ensures accessible rooms are dispersed among

the different classes of available rooms

Ensures at least one accessible room is available

in each class

8.4.5 Additional rooms adaptable 3


Ensures rooms not designated as accessible

provide basic access, such as an accessible entry

door and bathroom door

8.4.6 All controls and outlets are within reach

recommendations

3


Provides switches and room controls within easy

reach — ideally 1,066 AFF

Ensures AC outlets are within easy reach —

ideally 480 mm AFF

8.4.7 Design of toilets, showers and bathrooms meet the

needs of all potential guests

3




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


Ensures toilets, showers and bathrooms meet

basic accessibility requirements

Please refer to the Sanitary Facilities category for

additional details.

8.4.8 Emergency alarm systems have both audible and

visual signals

3


Provides strobe (visual) and audible warnings in

both room and washroom

8.4.9 External spaces and patios are accessible 3


Ensures threshold height does not exceed 13 mm

and threshold has bevelled edges

Maximum points:

Provides flush transitions across all thresholds

8.4.10 Storage space with clear floor space, closets with

shelves at variety of heights

3


Ensures storage areas have flexible,

easy-to-adjust shelves that accommodate all

users

Ensures units are within reach

Ensures clear floor space to allow for

manoeuvring






Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

8.4.12 Adequate ratio of mix of rooms with roll-in

showers and regular showers

3


Provides roughly 50/50 split of accessible

showers and tubs with showers

Please refer to the Sanitary Facilities category for

additional details.

8.4.13 A second door viewer at accessible height 2


Ensures door viewer is at accessible height —

typically 900–1,200 mm AFF

8.4.14 Viewing window sills at recommended height with

reachable opening and/or locking mechanisms

2


Ensures sightlines out the window

Provides windows with hand crank or other

accessible operating system within easy reach

Maximum points:

Ensures window coverings are operable by

people with reduced dexterity


8.5 Outdoor Recreation

8.5 OUTDOOR RECREATION


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

8.5.1 Accessible pathways to all facilities and amenities 5


Ensures all pathways throughout the recreation

facility are accessible to people using wheeled

mobility devices

Maximum points:

Ensures pathways offer support to people who

are blind or have low vision, including tactile

walking surface indicators (TWSIs), high-contrast

markings, tapping rail and scented gardens

8.5.2 Seating 4


Ensures accessible seating is available along

routes at 30 m intervals and at facilities

Maximum points:

Ensures a variety of different seating types

8.5.3 Shelter 4


Ensures weather protection is provided

8.6 Cafeterias, Restaurants and Bars

Cafeterias, restaurants and bars are where people gather and intermingle. Thus,

everyone who uses these public spaces must have equal access to and within

them.

Accessible requirements include:


Ensuring aisles throughout a facility are clear of any obstructions and are

easy to access.

Ensuring products on shelves are within easy reach for people using

wheelchairs or other mobility devices. Operators are encouraged to stack

products vertically to ensure some of each product is available for people

with different ranges of motion.

Ensuring doors on coolers and/or shelves are sliding, rather than swing type.

Ensuring menu or display boards are large and positioned to avoid shadow

areas and glare.

Ensuring cash areas are configured with an accessible counter height and

knee clearance at each checkout.

Ensuring condiment counters have a clear work surface space for food

preparation. Packaged condiments are difficult for people with poor

dexterity because of the small packets and the finger strength required to

open them. Tamper-proof, bulk supplies on accessible condiment tables are

preferred.

Ensuring seating for people with disabilities is dispersed throughout a

restaurant, cafeteria or bar. A mixture of chairs with arms and chairs without

arms should be available in each setting. As well as being inaccessible for

people using wheelchairs or scooters, fixed seating such as booths are

generally difficult for people with mobility disabilities and for older adults. If

booths are used, alternative seating at accessible tables must also be

available. Chairs need to be light and easy to reposition. Bench seating

should provide good back support and have a minimum kick space

underneath at least one-third of the seat depth. Where bar seating is

provided, each bar needs to have a lowered section to accommodate two

people using wheelchairs and/or people unable to use high stools.

Ensuring tables are universally accessible. Separate, designated positions for

people using wheelchairs or people who have mobility disabilities are

segregating. Minimum clearance under a table to accommodate people


using wheelchairs is 680 mm knee clearance and 810 mm width between

table legs. Tabletop height should range from 730 mm to 860 mm, and

corners should be rounded — any sharp, square corners should be

eliminated.

8.6 CAFETERIAS, RESTAURANTS AND BARS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

8.6.1 All facilities and amenities are accessible to

everyone

5


Ensures entry, aisles, and furniture arrangement

and style accommodate people with disabilities

8.6.2 Counter, table and bar at recommended accessible

heights, or variety of options

5


Ensures seating accommodates all users whether

at the tables, at the bar, or during counter service

(with lowered sections)

8.6.3 Clear path of travel 5


Ensures aisle widths are accessible and include

turnaround points at the end of the aisles

8.6.4 Variety of seating available 3


Provides chairs both with and without arms;

[Note: booth seating is not considered accessible

seating.]

Ensures bench seating provides kick space,

armrest and backrests

8.6.5 Continuous tray rail in cafeterias, and condiments

and cutlery within reach

3




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


Ensures all products are within easy reach from a

seated position

8.6.6 Prices are clearly displayed 3


Ensures cash register displays are easily viewed by

all patrons

8.6.7 Vending and dispensing machines are accessible 5


Ensures coin slots or the payment system is

accessible from a seated position

Provides signage and instructions in a

high-contrast sans serif (easy-to-read) font

Ensures product retrieval is accessible to people

with reduced dexterity and/or range of motion

Maximum points:

Ensures vending machines meet standards of CSA

B651.2-07

8.6.8 Goods are within reach, vertically stacked where

possible

3


Ensures products are stacked vertically such that

some of each product is available for people with

different ranges of motion

8.6.9 Cash desk or point of sale (POS) location is accessible 5





Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures each checkout counter in cash area is

configured with an accessible counter height and

knee clearance

8.7 Retail Outlets

Everyone must be able to access and use retail facilities. Some important features

include:

An integrated counter design incorporating a lowered counter surface as

the main service area

Knee space under cash and service counters permitting people using

wheelchairs to face the clerk and complete transactions

Minimum aisle widths of 920 mm that are kept clear of displays and clutter

Accessible racks that keep brochures and other materials within the reach

of people of all abilities

8.7 RETAIL OUTLETS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

8.7.1 Access to all display areas and facilities 5


Provides accessible aisles and turnaround points —

typically 915 mm and 1,500 mm, respectively

8.7.2 Display units are solid, stable and adequately

illuminated

5


Ensures display units are well anchored and well lit

8.7.3 Clothes racks within accessible reach 4


Ensures clear space around clothing racks is

provided, and racks are within easy reach for


8.7 RETAIL OUTLETS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

people using wheelchairs or those in a seated

position

8.7.4 Front-opening slider doors on refrigerators and

freezers

4


Ensures coolers have sliding doors, not swing-open

doors

8.7.5 Goods are clearly visible, within reach, vertically

stacked where possible

4


Ensures goods are easily accessed from a seated or

standing position

Organizes products vertically (up and down), not

horizontally, on shelves to ensure products are

within easy reach for all users



Provides accessible routes throughout facility

8.7.7 Cash desk or point of sale (POS) location is accessible 5


Ensures each checkout counter in cash area is

configured with an accessible counter height and

knee clearance

8.7.8 Prices are clearly displayed 3


Ensures prices and cost of sale are clearly visible on

the shelves as well as at the point of sale; this is

especially important for people who are deaf or


8.7 RETAIL OUTLETS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

hard of hearing, because it is sometimes difficult to

engage in a conversation

Figure 45: Accessible checkout lane (measurements in mm)

CHECKOUT

LANE

CASHIER

920 MIN

WIDTH OF ACCESSIBLE CHECKOUT LANE


8.8 Playgrounds

8.8 PLAYGROUNDS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

8.8.1 Adequate space for all children and their caregivers to

move through, in, and around the play space

5


Ensures an accessible pathway to, and throughout,

the play space

8.8.2 Surface is firm, stable and able to absorb the shock of

a fall to help prevent injuries

5


Ensures safety surface is continuous throughout the

play space

Ensures transitions are flush or less than 13 mm


8.8.3 Accessible play space features such as sensory

components that promote active play experiences

4


Provides scented gardens or plantings

Provides quiet areas to support children with

autism, Asperger syndrome, or attention-

deficit/hyperactivity disorder, allowing autonomous

play

Provides stand-alone play features, such as spring

rockers or teeter-totters

8.8.4 Seating 3 Minimum requirements:



8.8 PLAYGROUNDS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


unobstructed; for people using walking aids, rest

areas are critical

Ensures seating is located on a level, firm, and

stable area and does not obstruct circulation routes


surfaces


wheelchairs or scooters, or pushing strollers, so

they can sit alongside one another and with their

companions


a service dog to rest

Provides a variety of seating options to suit

different people, including seats with and without

armrests, and seats with backrests

Maximum points:


Ensures seating or rest areas have back support and

at least one armrest


easily stand up

Ensures rest area is clearly visible and identified

with a change in surface materials (i.e., texture and

colour)


8.9 Fitness Centre

8.9 FITNESS CENTRE


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

8.9.1 Number/variety of accessible fitness equipment 5


Ensures equipment is available to accommodate

people using wheeled mobility devices, (e.g.,

equipment with swing away or removable seats)

Provides equipment expressly designed for people

with disabilities (e.g., arm cycles, TheraBand, Cuff

weights, VitaGlide, functional electrical stimulation

(FES) bike, or other FES equipment)

8.9.2 Raised stretching mat 5


Provides a platform with a padded surface

between 450 and 600 mm above the finished floor

(AFF)

Provides an adjacent 1,200 × 760 mm clear space

for transfers from wheeled mobility devices

Provides a grab bar on an adjacent wall

8.9.3 Gymnasium space with adjustable basketball/

volleyball nets

4


Provides adaptable equipment that is height

adjustable

8.9.4 Lockers variable heights or recommended accessible

height

4


Provides lockers with an operating height

900-1,200 mm AFF


8.9 FITNESS CENTRE


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

8.9.5 Service counter accessible 4


Ensures counter is accessible to people using

wheeled mobility devices — knee clearance under

counter and universal counter height is typically

865 mm AFF

Maximum points:

Supports people who are deaf or hard of hearing

with an assistive listening device, such as an

induction loop

Provides task lighting

Ensures contrasting surfaces

Ensures cash register display is clearly visible to

clients

8.9.6 Water fountain accessible 3


Meets standards of CSA B651-12 for heights, cane

detection and operation

8.9.7 Clear width of path of travel 5


Provides accessible routes throughout facility

8.10 Pool

8.10 POOL


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

8.10.1 Deck surface is level, firm, stable and slip resistant 5


8.10 POOL


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


Ensures pool deck surfaces are non-slip and as

dry as possible, and provides direct routes to

pool lifts or ramps, to change facilities, and to

showers

8.10.2 Colour-contrasted edge around pool 5


Has high-contrast line or markings located

approximately 915 mm from the edge of pools or

hazards that users can use to navigate safely to

and from changing rooms



Ensures a clear path of travel around the pool

and to the changing room with adequate width

and no obstructions

8.10.4 Marked pathway from change room to pool access 4


A marked accessible route is provided through

the change room to the pool facilities (e.g., pool,

hot tub)

8.10.5 Entrance ramp into pool or mechanical lifts into

pool (2 required)

5


Ensures at least two accessible means of water

entry and exit are located on accessible routes,

unless a wet ramp or zero-depth entry ramp is

provided


8.10 POOL


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

8.10.6 General safety equipment is accessible height and

location

3


Indicates the location of safety equipment clearly

using symbols or icons in high contrast and

mounted at accessible heights; a clear space

should be provided in front of the equipment for

access by people using wheeled mobility devices

8.10.7 Pool wheelchair 3


Provides an aquatic chair with push rims

whenever a wet ramp is used as an accessible

means of water entry and exit

Provides at least one aquatic chair with a seat

height 450 mm above the deck and a minimum

seat width of 480 mm

Ensures armrests are located on both sides of the

aquatic chair seat, with at least one armrest

capable of being moved away from the side of

the chair

8.10.8 Lockers variable height or accessible 4


Ensures approximately half the total number of

lockers have an operating height between 900

mm and 1,200 mm above the finished floor (AFF)

8.10.9 Colour-contrasted handrails on stairs into pool 4


8.10.10 Colour-contrasted strip on nosing of stairs 4


8.10 POOL


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


Ensures each step edge has non-slip nosing or a

colour-contrasted strip on the tread to visually

highlight the step edge and improve depth

perception

Ensures non-slip nosings or contrasting strips

extend the full width of the step and are of

adequate width

Uses a single colour for contrasting strips

Avoids using strong patterns that could create

visual confusion

8.11 Change Room

Accessible change or locker rooms allow everyone to participate in recreational

activities, including swimming, playing sports and using fitness equipment. If

available, the change room must be accessible with a clear path through the door

and to all facilities. Lockers should have accessible operating mechanisms and be

available at accessible height. An adult change table should always be available to

allow people with mobility disabilities to change clothes, either independently or

with an assistant. Adjustable-height tables are preferable, as they allow the height

to be adjusted to fit the user and/or an attendant.

8.11 CHANGE ROOM


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory



Ensures floor surfaces are matte finish and non-

slip (even when wet), with good drainage


8.11 CHANGE ROOM


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory



Ensures a clear path of travel to all amenities,

including the entrance, showers and pool

Ensures there are no obstructions, including

benches

8.11.3 Adult change table with privacy 5


A manually operated variable-height adult change

bench or table to assist people who are unable to

stand while getting dressed; a variable-height

gurney could be used instead of the bench if

placed beside a wall

Ensures change table is designed for a minimum

load of 1.33 kN (300 lbf.)

Ensures clear floor transfer space parallel to the

long side of the table not less than 760 mm wide

and 1,500 mm long.

If fold-down table, should be installed so it does

not encroach into the clear transfer space

provided

Ensures no operating mechanisms are higher than

1,200 mm.

Ensures change table is in a location that ensures

privacy

Please refer to Sanitary Facilities category. Showers

element.

8.11.4 Accessible lockers 4



8.11 CHANGE ROOM


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures lockers are easy to reach and in an

accessible location

Ensures operating mechanism is easy to use with

minimum effort; it must be operated with one

hand and not require tight pinching, grasping, or

twisting of the wrist

Ensures approximately half the total number of

lockers have an operating height between 900 mm

and 1,200 mm above the finished floor (AFF)

8.11.5 Seating 3


Ensures seating is available adjacent to lockers

Ensures seating has backrest and a non-slip

surface when wet


unobstructed


surfaces

8.12 Mail Service

8.12 MAIL SERVICE


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

8.12.1 Accessible height or different heights 5


Provides an equal number of unit mailboxes

mounted at accessible (lower) heights and higher

heights


8.12.2 Space for knee recess at transaction points 3


Ensures any service desks, tables, or work surfaces

in mailrooms provide knee clearance and clear

space and depth underneath to allow access for

people using wheeled mobility devices

8.12.3 Clear space for approach 3


Ensures a minimum of clear space of 1,200 mm ×

760 mm in front of all mailboxes to accommodate

people using wheeled mobility devices

Provides wheelchair turning space inside the

mailroom



Provides signage using high-contrast, raised

lettering

Provides directional signage



Ensures lighting is flat and even with minimal

shadows

Provides task lighting at service desk and sorting

table (if present)

Please refer to Fundamental Requirements section for

details.


8.13 Laundry Room

Front-loading laundry equipment, both washers and dryers, most often provide a

higher level of accessibility. It is also important to provide clear floor space in

front of the washer and dryer to allow for manoeuvring and approach.

Operational requirements for all operable parts (e.g., doors, lint traps) and

controls (e.g., time or temperature settings, on/off button) should be at

accessible heights.

Dual-use equipment or stacked units could be acceptable if they show equivalent

or greater levels of accessibility than front-loading machines. However, most of

the stacking washer/dryers on the market do not meet the upper reach range

limit requirement.

Any work/folding surface and laundry sinks should also be accessible.

8.13 LAUNDRY ROOM


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

8.13.1 Accessible controls and payment options 5






Ensures front controls at an accessible height

Payment options are accessible and reachable

Ensures audible tones indicate cycle operation

(e.g., cycle selection, on, off)

Ensures electronic functions (menu and cycle

display) are easy to read; information is

communicated using visual and tactile controls


8.13 LAUNDRY ROOM


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Washers and dryers are raised on platforms to

reduce need to bend, stoop or lean over

8.13.2 Front loading only or variety of options 5


Ensures washing machines and dryers are front

loading; front-loading machines are generally

preferable to top-loading machines



Ensures clear space 915 mm wide across full width

and in front of washer and dryer that extends at

least 460 mm beyond each side.

Allows for parallel approach such that someone

using a wheeled mobility device can manoeuvre,

open the door and add/remove laundry



Ensures directional signage to locate the laundry is

accessible

Ensures signage that provides instructions uses

high-contrast, raised lettering and is easy to read




shadows

Provides task lighting at sorting table (if present)



8.14 Storage Facilities

8.14 STORAGE FACILITIES


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

8.14.1 Security and entry access system accessible 5


Ensures security and entry system to storage room

is located at accessible height and position



Ensures clear space for approach



8.14.2 Low threshold entry to storage unit 5


Ensures a raised threshold is a maximum of 13 mm

and is bevelled, ramped or rounded

Maximum points:

Ensures threshold is flush with adjacent floor

surface



Provides clear space for access and manoeuvring

on both sides of the entrance with extra space on

the (pull) handle side

Provides safe unobstructed clearance from door

swing



Ensures directional signage to locate the storage

facility is accessible


8.14 STORAGE FACILITIES


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures signage that provides instructions uses

high-contrast, raised lettering and is easy to read




shadows


8.15 Viewpoints

Viewpoints should be safe and accessible for everyone. It is essential that shelter

and seating is provided to allow people to safely rest and take in the

surroundings. Often, information is provided to explain the history or significance

of the area. This information should be easily read and interpreted by all users.

8.15 VIEWPOINTS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

8.15.1 Handrails/guardrails 5


Provides adequate barrier for protection where

adjacent to steep slope or dangerous terrain

Ensure handrails/guardrails are colour contrasted

with adjacent surfaces

Ensures handrails do not block view of people who

are short of stature or who are using a wheeled

mobility device



8.15 VIEWPOINTS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


8.15.3 Viewing amenities accessible 3


Ensures information signs and maps are available

to indicate locations and provide descriptions of

points of interest

Ensures other amenities, as appropriate, such as

water, bicycle rack, waste receptacles, etc.

8.15.4 Level landings and clear space 5


Provides level landings when a change in grade

exists within the viewpoint; ideally, the viewpoint

will be at a single elevation

Provides landings before and after an incline

Maximum points:

Ensures entire viewpoint is on single level or

elevation

8.15.5 Drainage 3


Ensures crossfall is minimal but sufficient enough

to allow adequate drainage; does not permit


slippery surfaces or lead to glare

8.15.6 Interpretive signage accessible 3


Ensures all information is accessible

Uses Arabic numerals and sans serif lettering


8.15 VIEWPOINTS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures the size of the letters or symbols allows

the directory to be read from a reasonable viewing

distance

Provides high-contrast text and single-coloured

backgrounds

Ensures signs are efficiently worded

Uses international symbols or pictograms on

signage where useful

Maximum points:

Provides information in audio format

8.15.7 Seating 3 Minimum requirements:



areas are critical

Ensures seating is located on a level, firm, and

stable area and does not obstruct circulation

routes


surfaces




companions


a service dog to rest

Provides a variety of seating options to suit

different people, including seats with and without

armrests, and seats with backrests


8.15 VIEWPOINTS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Maximum points:

Ensures seating or rest areas have back support

and at least one armrest


easily stand up



and colour)

8.15.8 Shelter 2


Provides minimal protection from weather

Maximum points:

Provides full coverage from weather

8.16 Visitor Centre and Information Kiosk

This element refers to visitor centres and information kiosks that are often

provided at recreation and tourist facilities to welcome and orient visitors. They

are typically located in a central location — near trailheads or adjacent to parking

areas. A visitor centre must be accessible to everyone. Access includes routes to

the facility as well as the facility itself.

8.16 VISITOR CENTRE/INFORMATION KIOSK


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

8.16.1 Located on accessible route of travel 5





Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures accessible routes connect with other

accessible elements in the outdoor environment,

such as accessible trail entrance, picnic areas,

restrooms and parking

8.16.2 Accessible entrance to facility 5


Ensures entrance is clearly identified, with clear

space on both sides of door and no level change or

ramp

Maximum points:

Provides power-operated door opener



Provides clear directional signage from parking

and other accessible elements to accessible

entrance

Maximum points:

Provides clear informational signage, including

available information and services, such as beach

or trail wheelchair rental and guided tours

8.16.4 Counter is colour contrasted, accessible height or

different heights

5


Ensures counter surface is lowered to an

accessible height from floor, or provides surfaces

at different heights, with adequate manoeuvring

space on approach

Provides adequate knee clearance and depth




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures counter is colour contrasted with adjacent

surfaces

Maximum points:

Ensures main service counter is universally

accessible

8.16.5 Information, interactive kiosks and sales items

within accessible reach ranges

3


8.16.6 Information available in a variety of formats 3


Provides information in a variety of accessible

formats, such as large-text printed brochures and

posters, audio programs, subtitled video, and

accessible websites

8.16.7 Seating and shelter 3 Minimum requirements:

Provides seating and shelter outside or inside

Maximum points:

Provides seating and shelter both outside and

inside

8.17 Picnic Areas

Visitor amenities, such as picnic areas, are provided to enhance the public’s

experience in using trails and pathways.


8.17 PICNIC AREAS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

8.17.1 Appropriate number of accessible picnic tables with

seating

5


If two or fewer picnic tables, ensures all tables are

accessible; if greater than two, most are accessible

and dispersed within the area to provide for a

variety of picnic experiences

Maximum points:

Ensures all picnic tables are accessible and

provides space for more than one wheelchair as

well as a choice of where to sit

8.17.2 Located on an accessible route of travel 5


Is located on accessible routes connecting to other

accessible elements in the outdoor environment,

such as accessible trails, restrooms and parking

Maximum points:

Ensures picnic tables are fixed to prevent

movement away from accessible routes



8.17.4 Clear space around picnic table, fire pit and front of

barbecue grill

5


Ensures adequate space around picnic table and

fire pit, and in front of barbecue for most mobility

devices

Maximum points:


Ensures adequate space around the picnic table,

fire pit, and in front of barbecue for all sizes of

mobility devices

8.17.5 Shelter option available 3


Sheltered picnic area is available to provide

protection from weather


Some innovative ideas for additional use spaces described in the sections above

include:

Audio tours of exhibit areas

Tactile maps of exhibits or floor area

A sign language video that welcomes visitors to features in exhibit spaces

A visual signal along with a doorbell or door knocker at lodgings

Vibrating alarm clocks or bed shakers, or spoken word alarm clocks with

specific instructions at lodgings

High-contrast, large-print menus or menu boards at cafeterias

A power-operated variable-height change bench

Residential Units Page 252

9 Residential Units



total.


9.1 Unit Security and Entry Systems 8

9.2 Unit Entrance or Alternative Accessible Entrance,

Entrance to Outdoor Spaces

51

9.3 Unit Interior Doors 18

9.4 Unit Kitchen 52

9.5 Unit Hallways 14

9.6 Unit Interior Stairs 34

9.7 Unit Bedrooms/Closets 12

9.8 Unit Toilet Room 51

9.9 Unit Showers/Bathtubs 36

9.10 Unit Laundry 16

9.11 Unit General Requirements 19


Description

This section describes the rating requirements for a single unit in a multi-unit

residential site. For the purpose of the rating system, multi-unit residential sites

include condominiums and apartments (low-rise and high-rise), and townhouses.

9.1 Unit Security and Entry Systems

In residential sites, controlled-access security at both the entrance and

throughout the site is important. Electronic entry systems (e.g., keypads,

proximity readers, card swipes, locks, and intercoms) should be accessible for all

site users. They need to be clearly visible, within reach, and easy to understand

and operate.


9.1 UNIT SECURITY AND ENTRY SYSTEMS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

9.1.1 Unit entry systems are located along accessible routes 4


Ensures the route to the unit entrance or door is

accessible

9.1.2 Unit door entry systems accessible, easy to use, with

sufficient lock release time

4


Ensures devices, such as locks and keypads, are

accessible to people with reduced dexterity and

reduced hand and arm strength

Positions entry system, locks and keypads to suit

people at a range of heights

Ensures keypad entry systems have raised buttons

easily located by touch; buttons contrast visually with

adjacent surface and have raised symbols, numbers

or letters arranged in a logical order

9.2 Unit Entrance or Alternative Accessible Entrance, Entrance to Outdoor Spaces

The main entrance to a suite should allow occupants and visitors alike to safely

enter or exit the premises conveniently, independently and with minimal effort.

The entrance door should be easy to operate and wide enough to accommodate

all users. Entrance doors to residential units are typically manually operated swing

doors with automatic door closers, as required by Fire Code.

9.2 UNIT ENTRANCE OR ALTERNATIVE ACCESSIBLE

ENTRANCE, ENTRANCE TO OUTDOOR SPACES


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


9.2.1 Unit entrance is accessible and doesn't require

alternative entrance

5


Ensures at least one door or doorway to the

home is accessible

Ensures the interior circulation route to the

entrance is accessible, with a direct accessible

route to parking, elevators, the main site

entrance, etc.

9.2.2 Unit entrance is easy to identify 3


Ensures entrance is easy to locate

Ensures entrance door visually contrasts with

adjacent surfaces

Ensures the address of unit is clearly visible

Ensures the location of route(s) to the unit is

clearly obvious



Ensures clear directional and information signage

is provided, as appropriate

9.2.4 Unit door is lightweight or power operated 5


Ensures any manual doors are easy to open with

minimal force.

Ensures the force applied at the handle, push

plate, or latch-releasing device does not exceed

38 N (8.5 lbf.) for exterior doors

Maximum points:

Ensures suite has power-operated door

9.2.5 Accessible door hardware 5



Ensures door hardware is accessible (i.e., one-

hand operation and no grasping, pinching or

twisting required) and at an accessible height and

location; [Note: Large D-handles are easy to use

for people with mobility impairments.]

Provides kick plates to prevent possible damage

from wheelchair footplates

9.2.6 Level landing at entrance 5 Minimum/maximum requirements:

Has a flat, non-slip clear space at entry,

approximately 1,200 × 730 mm

9.2.7 Level threshold 5 Minimum requirements:



Maximum points:

Ensures threshold is flush with floor surface

9.2.8 Clear space on interior and exterior of door 3 Minimum/maximum requirements:

Provides adequate space on both sides of the

door to assist people using wheeled mobility

devices to clear the door’s swing path — typically

600 mm on the pull side and 300 mm on the push

side


person in a wheelchair or with a service animal

can approach the door, activate the door handle,

swing the door open, and pass through the door

with ease

9.2.9 Clear width of entry doorway 4






service dogs

Provides swing (hinged) door opening fully to 90°

and door handles that do not obstruct the clear

width



9.2.11 Doorbell or intercom at accessible height (if

available)

2


Ensures doorbell or intercom are located at an

accessible height — typically 900–1,200 mm

above the finished floor ( AFF)

9.2.12 Door viewer at accessible height (if available) 2


Ensures door viewer is mounted between 900and

1,200 mm AFF

9.2.13 Shelter (if outdoor entry) 2


Provides shelter (canopy, overhang, porch) for

protection

9.2.14 Entrance to outdoor balcony, patio and other

outdoor spaces is accessible

5


Ensures entrance is wide enough to

accommodate people using wheeled mobility

devices

Ensures entrance door and hardware are

accessible


Ensures entrance has low threshold

Innovation points awarded in this category could include:

A task light focused on an entry door lockset

Overall light levels approximately 25% higher than code minimum

Brighter doorway and entry hall lighting to support people who use sign

language

A place to put bags and/or parcels down next to the door while opening the

door

9.3 Unit Interior Doors

Doors, by their very nature, act as barriers and can have a significant influence on

accessibility. In some situations, conventional doors may not be necessary at all.

Instead, privacy may be achieved through the careful placement of walls and

screens.

Manual swing doors are generally found in residential facilities. For a manual

swing door, more space is required for manoeuvring on the pull side of the door

than on the push side — it is easier to push a door open than to pull it. Generally,

doors leading into rooms should open into the room, as doors that open outward

into the main circulation route present a hazard to site users. Inward-opening

doors should be installed to open against a side wall. The direction in which doors

open into rooms should be consistent.

9.3 UNIT INTERIOR DOORS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

9.3.1 Clear width 5




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory





service dogs

Swing (hinged) door opens fully to 90° and door

handles do not obstruct the clear width

9.3.2 Level threshold 5


Ensures raised thresholds have a minimal change in

level and are bevelled, ramped or rounded

Maximum points:

Ensures thresholds are flush with floor surface

9.3.3 Accessible door hardware (if standard for all units) 4

Applicable or N/A


Ensures lever handles or equivalent are used, as

they are more convenient for everyone

Ensures door handles, pulls, latches, locks, and


hand and with minimal force and do not require

fine finger control, tight grasping, pinching, or



designed so they do not catch on clothing or other

objects (U-shaped lever style or equivalent)





Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

9.3.4 Clear space on outside and inside of door or doorway

(if not studio or similar single room)

4



manoeuvring on both sides of the doorway


person in a wheelchair or with a service animal can

approach the door, activate the door handle, swing

the door open, and pass easily through the door;

more space is required for manoeuvring on the pull

side of the door (door swings into this space) than

on the push side

9.4 Unit Kitchen

Kitchens are an integral part of how a home functions and are part of the social

fabric of a family. Accessible kitchens support intergenerational living, older

adults and seniors, and a generally more active community of people with

disabilities. Cupboards, work surface, and seating areas should colour contrast

with adjacent wall and floor surfaces. Counters, storage areas and appliances

should be located at an accessible height.

Refer to CSA B651-12, 7.4.4 Kitchens, p. 151-158, for additional details.

9.4 KITCHEN


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

9.4.1 Clear space for manoeuvring 5





turn around within a kitchen

9.4.2 Sink faucet is automatic or has lever-type handle 3


Ensures sink faucet has lever-type handle or is

automated

9.4.3 Knee clearance underneath sink with safety

precautions, or easily modified

4


Provides knee clearance for wheelchair users,

typically 680–760 mm

Ensures the lower shelf, typically provided under a

sink, is removed to enable a wheelchair user to

easily roll under it (floor extends under sink)

Ensures pipes are insulated, with no exposed

sharp edges or hazards

9.4.4 Accessible height sink 3


Ensures height allows a person in a seated position

to easily use the sink and faucets

9.4.5 Clear counter space adjacent to sink and appliances 3


Ensures counter space provides a work surface

800–915 mm wide to allow people to move items

into fridge, to place pots and dishes beside stove,

to prepare food, etc.

9.4.6 Accessible cooktop controls on front of unit, with no

reach required over elements

5


Ensures cooktop controls are safely and easily

accessed without reaching over elements


9.4.7 Knee clearance underneath cooktop, or easily

modified

3


Ensures 680–760 mm of knee clearance to depth

less than 450 mm

Maximum points:

Ensures 680–760 mm of knee clearance to depth

of 450 mm

9.4.8 Microwave mounting height accessible and safe 5


Ensures the microwave is located on a counter

with 600mm of clear space on latch side of unit;

[Note: Raised units mounted under counters are

not accessible and are considered a significant

burn/scald hazard.]

Maximum points:

Has pull-out counter (cutting-board style)

underneath unit/counter

9.4.9 Vertical side-by-side style refrigerator 2


Ensures refrigerator has two doors — one freezer

compartment and one fridge (side-by-side)

Ensures fridge and freezer may be accessed

without having to bend down or reach

9.4.10 Counter at accessible height or variety of heights 3


Provides height options that allow people to work

from either a standing or a seated position

Ensures counter heights are adjustable (manually

or automated)


9.4.11 Counter has electrical outlets within accessible reach

requirements

2


Ensures an electrical receptacle is located at either

the side or front of a kitchen counter, rather than

at the back, eliminating the need to reach across a

counter

9.4.12 Accessible storage options 3


Provides accessible storage space for people using


Ensures items may be accessed with minimal

bending or reaching

Provides flexible storage options (e.g., fold-down

shelves, pull-out drawers, circular shelving)

9.4.13 Well illuminated with accessible task lighting

available

3


Ensures flat, even light, with minimal shadows

Ensures task lighting at workstations and work

areas

9.4.14 Raised dishwasher 2


Ensures dishwasher is raised (150 mm) to make

loading/unloading easier; [Note: This will also

create a raised counter (1,066 mm) for use by

taller people using the kitchen facility.]

9.4.15 Cabinet hardware is accessible, with no grasp

required (if standard for all units)

3

Applicable or N/A



Ensures the opening hardware is easy to use (i.e.,

operable with one hand, using minimal force, and

not requiring fine finger control, tight grasping,

pinching, or twisting of the wrist)

9.4.16 Rounded corners on counters and cabinetry 3


Ensures no sharp 90° corners; corners are rounded


Touch faucets with visual temperature indicator

No-touch faucets with visual temperature indicator

Variable-height counters between 800 and 1,066 mm

Variable-height sinks

AC outlet on front face of counter

Induction cooktop replacing electric or gas cooktop, virtually eliminating fire

hazards and reducing the frequency of burns and scalding

9.5 Unit Hallways

9.5 UNIT HALLWAYS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

9.5.1 Clear width 5





service dogs



turn around within a corridor, particularly when

the corridor is long


9.5 UNIT HALLWAYS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures minimal sharp 90° corners; rounded

corners or corners allowing people to see others

approaching are helpful for people with hearing

disabilities


width and length of the hallway

9.5.2 Colour contrasted between wall and floor, with no

glare (if colours are standard for all units)

3


9.5.3 No level changes requiring steps 3

Maximum/minimum requirements:

Ensures there are no steps if there is a change in

level



9.6 Unit Interior Stairs

9.6 UNIT INTERIOR STAIRS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

9.6.1 Clear width 2



obstructions, that could accommodate an inclined,

vertical platform lift (stair glide), typically 1066

mm.

Allows people in both directions to easily pass one

another


9.6.2 Tread is firm, stable and slip resistant 5



finish or have slip-resistant strips

Ensures carpeting is used only on the tread (top of

step), but is not used continuously over the nosing

and throughout the flight of stairs



intervals

3


Provides a landing at the top and bottom of each

flight of stairs

If more than one flight is required, provides

landings between each flight, ensuring the number

of steps in each flight is the same; the maximum

total rise for a flight of stairs is 1,800 mm, and the

maximum number of steps is 12

Maximum points:


stairs


the top of the steps to identify the staircase

9.6.4 Handrails 5


Provides continuous handrails on both sides


9.6.5 Colour-contrasted strip on each step nosing (if

standard in all units)

5






Ensures non-slip nosing or a contrasting strip

extend the full width of the step and are of

adequate width (approximately 50 mm wide)

Ensures a single colour is used for contrasting

strips

Ensures strong patterns that could create visual

confusion are not used

Maximum points:

Ensures contrasting strip wraps around nosing and

continues down the riser so that it is visible when

both ascending and descending the stairs

9.6.6 Riser height and tread depth of steps 3





tripping hazards

Provides adequate dimensions to ensure safe

















Where projecting nosings are used, ensures they

do not have sharp or abrupt edges or an underside

that prevents a foot from sliding up the riser and

that may cause tripping; projecting nosings must

be rounded or bevelled



9.6.9 No strong pattern on carpet or flooring (if standard

in all units)

2


Flooring is light coloured and plain or has a simple

pattern; strong patterns, such as stripes and

checks, can create confusion for people with low

vision, and solid, dark colours can create a


9.6.10 Height clearance 2


Ensures clear headroom is maintained throughout

the full length of the stairway and on any landings

Ensures stairs that are not enclosed and could

present an overhead hazard are protected to

prevent people from colliding with them




9.7 Unit Bedrooms and Closets

9.7 UNIT BEDROOMS/CLOSETS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

9.7.1 Clear space in front of closet door or clear width in

walk-in closet

3


Provides a clear space typically 1,200 mm × 760

mm in front of closet door

9.7.2 Low mounted or adjustable hanger rods, and

accessible shelving

2


Ensures an operating height 900–1,200 mm above

the finished floor (AFF)

Ensures approximately half the available storage is

below 1,200 mm AFF

9.7.3 Clear space on at least two sides of queen bed 4


Ensures aisle width is 800 mm

Bed is preferably queen size

9.7.4 Reinforced ceiling for lift 3


Provides broad blocking between studs in ceiling,

allowing for new installations while providing

adequate load-bearing capacity; this eliminates

the need to remove walls and install blocking later

9.8 Unit Toilet Room

Accessible toilet rooms should be designed to accommodate wheelchair users,

persons with mobility challenges and those who need extra space. Here are some

general guidelines to follow when rating the accessibility of toilet rooms:


Doors should be easy to open and close. They should be equipped with a

graspable pull on the inside face of the door as well as on the outside of the

door near the latch side.

Doors should open outward to provide ample room for wheeled mobility

devices to manoeuvre inside the toilet room.

Doors should be easy to lock. A sliding style of deadbolt lock is accessible to all

users, as long as it is operable with a closed fist. Rotary locks are not

appropriate, as they require good dexterity to operate unless modified to

include flanged handles.

Walls, floors, or other large fields of tile and colour should include high-

contrast features and areas to enhance depth perception and minimize

vertigo. To accommodate adaptive devices, an AC outlet should be provided

(or at least be roughed in) adjacent to each accessible toilet in anticipation of

electrically operated assistive devices for people with mobility disabilities,

(e.g., Toto toilets seats that wash and dry users automatically and/or lift toilet

seats). This should be required in all new construction.

9.8 UNIT TOILET ROOM


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

9.8.1 Accessible toilet room on the entry level 5


Ensures the toilet room is accessible to all

residents and visitors, including people using

wheelchairs

9.8.2 Floor surface is stable, firm and non-slip 4


9.8.3 Entry doors have a minimum clear width 5






service dogs


manoeuvring on both sides of the doorway; a

person using a wheelchair or with a service animal

must be able to approach the door, swing the door

open, and pass through the door with ease; [Note:

More space is required for manoeuvring on the

pull side of the door (door swings into this space)

than on the push side.]

9.8.4 Entry door swings out or slides (if door available) 3


Ensures the entry door swings out or slides and

does not encroach on the toilet room’s interior

space and clearance

9.8.5 Accessible entry door hardware (if door hardware is

standard for all units)

4


Ensures opening hardware on entry doors is easy

to use; door handles, pulls, latches, locks, and

other operational devices should be operable with

one hand and minimal force and not require fine

finger control, tight grasping, pinching, or twisting

of the wrist

Ensures locking hardware on entry doors allows

door to be unlocked from the outside in case of

emergency; [Note: Doors to washrooms and other

enclosed spaces which have no other exit should

not be equipped with deadbolts or other means of

security that can only be manipulated from the

inside. Instead, they are to be equipped with an

easily manipulated push-lock doorknob that can


be released from the outside with a special tool,

key or similar hardware.]

9.8.6 Clear space to manoeuvre and transfer 5 Minimum/maximum requirements:

Dimensions ensure that a wheelchair user has

clear space to turn and position themselves

adjacent to the toilet

Dimensions ensure that a wheelchair user has the

choice of preferred transfer arrangements (i.e.,

lateral, angled, frontal or rear)

Note: Overall required dimensions depend on the

door position and whether the door swings

inwards or outwards as well as whether the toilet

is wall hung or floor mounted.

9.8.7 Clear width of route to toilet 5 Minimum/maximum requirements:

Provides sufficient clear width allowing people

using wheelchairs or scooters to easily get to the

toilet

9.8.8 Reinforced walls for safe installation of grab bars 5 Minimum requirements:

Ensures walls are reinforced with wood blocking to

support grab bars beside toilet and in shower, per

CSA B651-12

Maximum points:

Ensures broad blocking between studs in walls

around toilet, tub and shower, allowing for new

installations and relocation of existing grab bars

while providing adequate load-bearing capacity

and eliminating the need to remove walls and

install blocking later


9.8.9 Toilet flushing mechanism within accessible reach

requirement

4


Ensures toilet flush handles are positioned on the

transfer side of the toilet (the side opposite the

wall), or within easy reach for a person who has

transferred back onto their wheelchair,

eliminating the need to reach over the toilet to

flush; [Note: For many people using wheelchairs,

people with mobility disabilities, people with poor

balance, and people who are blind or have low

vision, this reach creates an unnecessary falling

hazard.]

Ensures hand-operated flushing controls are

accessible and easy to use

Maximum points:

Ensures automatic toilets have a manual flush

override control within easy reach from the

transfer side of the toilet

Provides a high-tech toilet (e.g., Toto)

9.8.10 Power outlet near toilet 2


Ensures an AC outlet adjacent to accessible toilet

to accommodate adaptive devices (or at least has

a spot roughed in for the outlet)

9.8.11 Sink, counter and mirror are accessible 4


Ensures sink is mounted 900–1,200 mm above the

finished floor (AFF) and within 600 mm reach from

people using wheelchairs or in a seated position

Provides adequate knee clearance


Ensures hot water and drain pipes are offset to the

rear, insulated and covered, as this helps to

protect wheelchair users from burns and abrasions

Ensures faucets are easy to reach

Ensures a counter or shelf is available adjacent to

the sink

Ensures someone in either a seated or standing

position can see in the mirror

9.8.12 Cabinet hardware is accessible, with no grasp

required

3


Ensures the cabinet hardware, including handles,

pulls, latches, locks and other operational devices,

is easy to use (i.e., operable with one hand, using

minimal force, and not requiring fine finger

control, tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the

wrist)

9.8.13 Accessible storage 3


Provides accessible storage space for people using


Ensures items may be accessed with minimal

bending or reaching


High-tech toilet (e.g., Toto)


9.9 Unit Showers and Bathtubs

9.9 UNIT SHOWERS/BATHTUBS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

9.9.1 Floor surfaces are stable, firm and slip resistant 5


Ensures floor is level with minimal slope provided

for drainage and includes an integral floor drain;

trench or channel drains are recommended.

Ensures flooring has a matte finish and is slip

resistant

Ensures there are no sharp edges or trims


9.9.2 Reinforced walls for shower and/or bath for

installation of grab bars

5


Ensures broad blocking between studs in walls

around toilet, tub and shower, allowing for new

installations and relocation of existing grab bars

while providing adequate load-bearing capacity,

eliminating the need to remove walls and install

blocking later

9.9.3 Roll-in shower or accessible tub 5



Provides adequate clear floor area in front of

shower entrance

Provides adequate width of entrance

Ensures roll-in shower is easy to access by a

person in a wheelchair and has adequate clear

space for manoeuvring, with no impediments

Ensures threshold does not exceed 13 mm in

height and is bevelled at a maximum slope of 1:2

(50% or approximately 26°)

Maximum points:

Ensures shower threshold is flush with floor and

incorporates a strip, trench or linear drain

9.9.4 Clear space beside tub for transfers (if tub available) 5


Ensures a clear space beside the tub, typically

1,200 mm × 760 mm

9.9.5 Accessible water faucet/shower wand (if standard

for all units)

5


Ensures shower head is detachable and height is

adjustable to enable alternative showering

positions, both sitting and standing

Ensures hose length is adequate, typically 1,500

mm

Ensures control is within easy reach from a seated

position

Ensures faucet is operable with a closed fist and

requires minimal force (i.e., lever-operated)


Provides clearly identifiable and unambiguous

temperature and volume controls to protect users

from scalding water

Ensures water controls are located within easy

reach from a seated position; 1,200 mm above the

finished floor (AFF) and above the grab bar is

recommended

9.9.6 Recessed soap holders or shelves located within

easy reach from the seated position

4


Ensures toiletries are easy to reach from a seated

position

Ensures soap holders or shelves do not impede

required clear space and are of adequate size to

hold toiletries

Maximum points:

Ensures towel bar and clothes hook are located

within easy reach

9.9.7 Colour contrasted between shower/tub tile floor or

base and front wall (if standard in all units)

4


Ensures floor contrasts with front wall

9.9.8 Drainage 3


Ensures floor is level with minimal slope provided

for drainage and includes an integral floor drain;

trench or channel drains are recommended

9.10 Unit Laundry


9.10 UNIT LAUNDRY


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

9.10.1 Accessible controls 5






Ensures front controls are at an accessible height

Ensures audible tones indicate cycle operation

(e.g., cycle selection, on, off)

Ensures electronic functions (menu and cycle

display) are easy to read; information is

communicated using visual and tactile controls

Washers and dryers raised on platforms to reduce

need to bend, stoop or lean over

9.10.2 Choice of front loading or top loading (if appliances

are provided for all units)

5


Ensures washing machines and dryers are front-

loading; front-loading machines are generally

preferable to top-loading machines



Ensures clear space 915 mm wide across full width

and in front of washer and dryer that extends at

least 460 mm beyond each side

Allows for parallel approach such that someone

using a wheeled mobility device can manoeuvre,

open the door and add/remove laundry




9.10 UNIT LAUNDRY


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


shadows

Provides task lighting at sorting table (if present)


9.11 Unit General Requirements

9.11 UNIT GENERAL REQUIREMENTS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

9.11.1 Unit has both audible and visual fire/smoke alarm 5


Provides suite with both audible and visual fire or

smoke alarm(s), visible throughout the premises

9.11.2 All controls and outlets are within accessible reach

requirements

5


Ensures all room controls (e.g., light switches,

security panels and thermostats) are accessible,

typically 900–1,200 mm above the finished floor

(AFF)

9.11.3 Space/framing is provided for future residential lift

(if multiple level)

5


In multi-level units, ensures an elevator shaft is

framed in for future use

9.11.4 Window sills are low enough for easy viewing with

accessible hardware (if viewing window available)

4


9.11 UNIT GENERAL REQUIREMENTS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


Ensures sills are approximately 915 mm AFF


Some innovative ideas for residential units described in the sections above

include:

Doorbells and call buttons that give visual and audible indication of their

operation.

Provides glow-in-the-dark stair nosings and/or handrails to illuminate route

during a power outage.

Trails and Pathways Page 280

10 Trails and Pathways



total.


10.1 Trail and Pathway Features 42

10.2 Trail/Pathway Exterior Ramp 31

10.3 Trail/Pathway Exterior Stairs 38

10.4 Trail/Pathway Wayfinding and Signage 14


Description

Accessible pedestrian trails are typically front country, including greenway trails,

short-distance hiking trails and interpretive trails. Some trails are only accessible a

portion of the length due to topography and other constraints.

Fully accessible trails must meet guidelines related to surfaces, width, grade,

resting intervals, edge protection and obstacles. In order to make a trail

accessible, surfaces must be firm and stable.

The trail width should be at least 1,200 mm, although 1,500 mm is preferred to

allow for passing space for people using wheelchairs or scooters. Passing spaces

should be provided at least every 610 mm if the trail width is less than 1,500 mm.

The running slope of the trail should be minimized, and regular level landings

should be provided.

10.1 Trails and Pathway Features

Here are some guidelines to follow when rating the accessibility of pathway

features:


Exterior pathways should be level or gently sloped and should provide

adequate width to accommodate the expected number of people, including

people using power wheelchairs and scooters. If pathways are narrow, then

passing places should be provided at a reasonable frequency.

Pathways should be safe for all users, free of obstacles, well illuminated, easy

to find, and well integrated with any stairs or ramps along the route.

They should include any necessary crosswalk markings and curb ramps. If the

route is long, seating should be provided.

10.1 TRAIL/PATHWAY FEATURES


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

10.1.1 Trail/pathway entrances accessible 5


Ensures any gates are simple and easy to open,

with no level change or ramp

10.1.2 Clear width (or passing spaces at regular intervals) 5







or service dogs





directions

Provides passing areas at reasonable intervals if

width is less than 1,500 mm

Ensures minimal 90° sharp outside corners on

pathway




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures pathway is wider in front of shops and

bus stops

Maximum points:

Allows at least two people using wheelchairs or

people pushing strollers to easily walk alongside

or pass one another



10.1.4 No obstacles on path or overhead 4


Ensures obstacles or protruding objects in the

path of travel are cane detectable

Ensures portable signs are not permitted on the

path of travel

Ensures path is clear of bins, bicycles, leaves

Where trees are located in the path of travel,

ensures the base is protected by a tree grate or

tree guard, which is cane detectable


width and length of the pathway to eliminate

collision hazards for people who are blind or have

low vision; recommended clear minimum

headroom is 2,030 mm

10.1.5 Clearly marked pedestrian crossings (if in path of

traffic)

3


Provides logical and understandable directional

signage




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures crosswalks are clearly marked on the

pavement

Ensures crossings are located where they are

clearly visible, safe, and convenient for all users

Maximum points:


Ensures crosswalks have additional alerts, such as

visual and audible signals

Provides a raised crossing

Uses zebra markings to indicate uncontrolled

crossing

10.1.6 Path is level or low-gradient slope (when not

accommodated by ramp)

5


10.1.7 Seating (at regular intervals, before level changes

and decision points)

4




areas are critical

Ensures seating is located on a level area and

does not obstruct circulation routes

Ensures seating areas are clearly signed and

identified

Ensures seating areas visually contrast with







Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


companions

Provides a clear space at the end of the seating

for a service dog to rest

Provides a variety of seating options to suit the

needs of different people

Provides resting areas with seating off path of

travel if long route and/or steep grade; rest areas

are extremely important for people using canes

or crutches

Ensures surface on which seating is located is

level, firm and stable

Maximum points:

Ensures seating or rest area provides back

support and at least one armrest


stand up with ease



and colour)

Provides regular, frequent, predictable intervals

for intended use and before level changes;

seating intervals are 10 m, if possible

Ensures seating areas are level and within sight of

one another

Provides shelter

10.1.8 Curb, barriers or guardrails (if drop-off at edge of

trail/pathway)

3




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


Minimizes potential falls by ensuring there are no

sharp drop-offs or elevation changes from the

pathway into planting beds or landscaping

Clearly defines pathway edges by a change in

texture or tonal contrast to help people who are

blind or have low vision stay on the path

Provides edge protection on either side of a path

to prevent accidents where a change in level

exists

Provides suitable protection if the path is

adjacent to a vehicular route or if it is a shared-

use route (e.g., shared with other users such as

cyclists)

Uses guardrails or barriers where there is a

significant change in level; they should visually

contrast with surrounding surfaces

Ensures guardrails or barriers are designed to

allow people with lower eye level, such as people

using wheelchairs and children, to see and be

seen through railings, and to be detectable for

people who have low vision

Maximum points:


(TWSIs)

Provides visually contrasting surfaces in high

pedestrian traffic areas






Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

The complete pathway is brightly lit, with current

best practice at 60 lux

10.1.10 Drainage 3


Ensures crossfall is minimal but sufficient enough

to allow adequate drainage; does not permit


slippery surfaces or lead to glare

Ensures drainage channels do not obstruct path

of travel

Maximum Points:

Ensures grate is high contrast relative to


10.1.11 Fixed items nearby colour contrasted and cane

detectable (if available)

2


Ensures any fixed items along the route, such as

manholes, utility poles, and furniture (e.g.,

bollards, seating, disposal bins, drinking

fountains), are located off the path of travel, if

possible

Ensures any fixed items located on the path of

travel are cane detectable and clearly indicated

using a contrasting colour

10.2 Trails and Pathways Exterior Ramp

Here are some guidelines to follow when rating the accessibility of exterior

ramps:


Exterior ramps should be provided in areas along a route where the gradient

exceeds 5% (1:20). A maximum rise of 450 mm between landings and a

maximum ramp length of 9,000 mm is also recommended.

Long ramps with a significant change in elevation should be avoided, as they

can be difficult for some people to use. Alternatives, such as an elevator or

escalator, may be suitable for some locations.

Ramps should provide adequate width to accommodate the expected number

of people, including power wheelchairs and scooters.

To ensure safety, they should be equipped with accessible handrails or edge

protection and good illumination.

Surfaces should be firm, stable and slip resistant. Level landings are required at

both the top and bottom of each run, between runs, and wherever a ramp

changes direction.


o Straight run

o 90° turn

o Switchback or 180° turn

Circular or curved ramps are not recommended. As well, ramps within stairs

(S-ramps) can be hazardous to people who have low vision, people with

mobility restrictions, and people using walking aids.

10.2 TRAIL/PATHWAY EXTERIOR RAMP


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

10.2.1 Slope 5


10.2.2 Clear width 3









Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


or service dogs





directions


intervals

4


Provides landings at top and bottom of each run





wheelchairs or mobility aids, people with

strollers, or people with service dogs



10.2.5 Handrails 5


10.2.6 Edge protection 3 Minimum/maximum requirements:

Ensures curbs or protective barriers (e.g., raised

barrier or rail) are on both sides of ramp and on


tips from slipping off edge

Maximum points:




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures edge protection contrasts visually with

ramp surface

10.2.7 Colour-contrasted and slip-resistant strip 4 Minimum/maximum requirements:

Ensures ramp surfaces contrast visually with

landing surfaces to highlight change in plane to


Ensures top and bottom landings have colour

contrasted strip

Important: Ensures tactile attention indicators,

such as truncated domes, are not used on ramps

as they are not designed for this purpose


N/A only if no power or policy is day use only


Illuminates ramp and landing surfaces so they

can be used safely at any time


10.3 Trail and Pathway Exterior Stairs


stable footing and to ensure the safety and comfort of all users. They should not

be steep, and surfaces should be firm, stable and slip resistant. Stairs should be


and be kept clear of all obstacles, including litter and leaves.


Stairs should be provided in conjunction with a ramp to offer choice and to meet

all users’ needs. Where possible, the top and bottom of a ramp should be

adjacent to the top and bottom of an associated set of stairs.

Single steps should be avoided in an access route, as they are not as obvious as a

longer flight of stairs and may present a tripping hazard. If a change in level is

equivalent to the rise of a single step, the surface should be gently graded. Stair

dimensions should be consistent throughout a flight of stairs. Circular stairs and

stairs with tapered treads should be avoided, as they can be difficult for people

with low vision to navigate.

10.3 TRAIL/PATHWAY EXTERIOR STAIRS


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

10.3.1 Handrails 5


Ensures handrails are continuous on both sides


10.3.2 Tread surface is firm, stable and slip resistant 5



finish or are provided with slip-resistant strips


10.3.3 Clear width 2





Max.

Points

Manda-

tory






or service dogs





directions


intervals

3


Ensures landings are provided at the top and

bottom of each flight, with the length equivalent

to the step width

Provides landings at reasonable intervals

throughout the stairway to break up significant

difference in level

Ensures landings extend along full width of stairs

Ensures there are no stepped landings

Ensures landings are unobstructed by door

swings

Maximum points:


stairs

10.3.5 Tactile attention indicators 5





Max.

Points

Manda-

tory


the top of the stairs to notify people who are

blind or have low vision


surrounding surface material and of a different

texture


stairs and are of sufficient length in the direction

of travel to provide adequate warning to people


Note: Hazard warning surfaces are generally not

used on intermediate landings, as this can give a

false impression that the end of the flight of

stairs has been reached. However, hazard-

warning surfaces are used on an intermediate

landing that meets with another path of travel or

circulation route. Stairs intended primarily for

emergency egress do not require TWSIs.

10.3.6 Colour contrasted strip on nosing 4 Minimum requirements:




Ensures non-slip nosing or a contrasting strip

extends the full width of the step and is of

adequate width

Ensures a single colour is used for contrasting

strips

Ensures no strong patterns are used that could

create visual confusion




Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Maximum points:

Ensures contrasting strip wraps around nosing

and continues down the riser so that it is visible

when both ascending and descending the stairs

10.3.7 Riser height, and tread depth 4 Minimum/maximum requirements:




tripping hazards

Ensures dimensions are adequate to provide safe



Ensures the total rise for a flight of stairs is

appropriate; if more than one flight is required,

the number of steps in each flight is the same

Ensures there are no single steps in an access

route

10.3.8 No open riser 3 Minimum/maximum requirements:














Max.

Points

Manda-

tory










N/A only if no power or policy for day use only


10.3.11 Drainage 2


Ensures steps, treads and landings have adequate

drainage to prevent water pooling

10.4 Trail and Pathway Wayfinding and Signage

This element pertains to wayfinding and signage located on trails and pathways.

Good wayfinding ensures everyone knows where they are in an environment,

where their desired location is, and how to get there from their present location.

Wayfinding is important for navigating access on and around nature trails and

pathways due to the possible unfamiliarity and often changing outdoor elements.

People need visual cues such as maps, directions and symbols to help guide them

to their destinations. Effective wayfinding systems contribute to a sense of well-

being, safety and security.

Access to information about trails and pathways is very important to everyone,

both to enhance the experience and for safety. Adequate signage increases the

https://segd.org/explore/mapping

https://segd.org/explore/symbol-design


comfort and confidence of users in navigating the trail system and promotes trail

use. A variety of information formats may be used to convey trail information.

Here are some general guidelines to follow when rating the accessibility of

wayfinding and signage on trails and pathways:

Written information should be provided in alternative formats such as Braille,

large print, multiple languages, or an audible format (e.g., the text of a

trailhead sign could be made available on pre-recorded audio). In addition,

simplified text and reliance on universal symbols provides information to

individuals with limited reading abilities or limited understanding of the local

language.

On-trail signage is essential in ensuring users do not become disoriented. It

allows them to accurately estimate their ability to meet the challenges

required with their choice of route, and to ensure they can find their way back

to parking or the trailhead.

Trail and pathway signage should be part of a cohesive plan. It should be

designed consistently and follow universal design guidelines, with

consideration given to the aesthetics and to its compatibility with the natural

environment.

Signs should be located where they can easily be seen by trail users. They

should present information in a format that users find easy to understand.

Text should be limited to what is necessary, supplemented by universally

understood graphics.

An effectively designed sign face is clear, concise, simple, and legible with well-

spaced typography and plenty of space in the margin. Universal symbols

should be used when possible.

The chart below is a guide to determining the minimum letter size based on

the desired maximum distance at which a proposed sign is to be viewed.

Viewing distance

(feet)

Capital letter height

(inches)

0 –20 0.75

21 –27 1

28 –41 1.5


42 –55 2

56 –83 3

84 –111 4

The most basic trail signs are those identifying the trail. They may provide the

name of the trail, mark the route of the trail, or include simple information,

such as difficulty rating, mileage point, and symbols showing allowable uses of

the trail. Identification of the trail is often incorporated into the directional

sign.

Trailhead Signs or Directories

A trailhead directory is a map of the trail or system located at the start of a trail. A trailhead directory should include all the information users need to select an appropriate and safe trail. Items may include:

trail-specific trail symbol

running slope (average and maximum grade)

surface type

firmness and stability

known trail hazards

cross-slope (average and maximum)

cumulative elevation change (gain and loss)

profile of the trail grade showing changes in surface type and accessibility

clear tread width (minimum and average)

tread obstacles (magnitude and frequency)

any major height obstacle, such as boulders, in the trail tread

All information on the trailhead directory should be accessible, using only Arabic

numerals and sans serif lettering. The size of the letters or symbols should also

allow the directory to be read from a reasonable viewing distance.

Trailhead signs may be posted on an informational kiosk if it is at the trailhead of

a single trail. In locations without a trail-specific kiosk, the single-sided trailhead

sign should be posted conspicuously so that it is readily visible to users entering


the trail. At secondary trail junctions and road crossings, marker posts may be

used to provide trail-specific information instead of using trailhead signs.

10.4 TRAIL/PATHWAY WAYFINDING AND SIGNAGE


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

10.4.1 Trail/pathway accessible route length indicated at

trailhead with terrain details

5


Provides directional (destination or wayfinding)

signs for accessible routes at trailheads, trail

junctions and road crossings

Where an accessible trail meets a non-accessible

trail, posts clear route signage

Ensures distances of trails are clearly displayed on

directory, including accessible trail segments

Ensures the directory clearly specifies the type(s)

of surfaces that are used on trails

Ensures directory clearly specifies average width

for each trail, minimum trail width, and the width

of the narrowest points in the trail

Ensures directory clearly specifies average running

slope and cross slope for each trail

Ensures directory indicates where the steepest

grade and the maximum cross-slope occur

10.4.2 Distance markers along route 3


Displays the mileage from either end of the trail or

from a designated trailhead

Marks distance at regular intervals (minimum of

400 m)

Maximum points:


10.4 TRAIL/PATHWAY WAYFINDING AND SIGNAGE


Max.

Points

Manda-

tory

Ensures design of distance markers consistent

along the entire length of the trail

Ensures markers are placed at 160 m intervals

10.4.3 Amenities and/or point of interest signage (if

available)

3


Displays types of amenities, direction and distance

10.4.4 Accessible interpretive signage (if available) 3


Points out features of interest along the trail in a

variety of formats

Educates trail users about those features (i.e.,

natural, cultural, historical or recreational), using

symbols and simple descriptions


Some innovative ideas for trails and pathways include:

A navigation and informational mobile app that provides a variety of

information about accessible trails and pathways, such as their location and

level of difficulty

A designated area for animal relief with supplies and waste receptacle

Technical Language Glossary Page 299

Technical Language Glossary Developing a vocabulary of relevant technical terms to accurately describe the

built environment as it relates to accessibility is critical. The terms and definitions

provided in the table below were obtained from recognized sources, including the

Rick Hansen Foundation, Canadian Standards Association (CSA) B651-12

Definitions, the Centre for Excellence in Universal Design (CEUD), Dictionary of

Construction, Wikipedia, Global alliance on Accessible Technologies and

Environments (GAATES), United States Access Board, CNIB Clearing Our Path, City

of Kitchener Urban Design Manual, Washington State.

TECHNICAL LANGUAGE GLOSSARY

Term Definition Source

Accessibility The degree to which a product, device,

activity, facility, service or environment

allows everyone to participate fully and is

available to everyone on an equal basis.

Rick Hansen

Foundation

Accessible A site, building, and its facilities that can

be approached, entered, and used by

people with physical disabilities. (CSA)

A person with disabilities is, without

assistance, able to approach, enter, pass

to and from, and make use of an area

and its facilities, or both, as required by

this code. (BCBC)

CSA B651-12

BC Building Code

2012 (BCBC)

Accessible design Design focused on principles of extending

standard design to people with some

type of performance limitation to

maximize the number of potential

customers who can readily use a product,

site or service.

Centre for

Excellence in

Universal Design

(CEUD) www.universaldesign.ie

http://www.universaldesign.ie/




Accessible route A pedestrian path of travel within the

interior or exterior environment that is

without barriers, as defined in the CSA

Standard, and usable by all persons,

including those with physical disabilities.

CSA B651-12

Alternative

(alternate)

format

Information presented in Braille, in large

print, on tape, or electronically.

CSA B651-12

Amenity Anything that adds to a person’s comfort

or convenience.

CSA B651-12

Amenity zone A designated area, adjacent or connected

to an accessible route, that provides

amenities and services (e.g., street

furniture, mailboxes, telephones) and

can include utilities such as light posts,

hydrants, etc.

Authority having

jurisdiction

A person who has the delegated

authority to determine, mandate, and

enforce code requirements established

by jurisdictional governing bodies.

Dictionary of

Construction

Barrier A condition that prevents someone’s full

participation in the activities of daily

living.

Rick Hansen

Foundation

Barrier:

Attitudinal

An assumption or perception about a

disability, held by oneself or others,

either purposefully or inadvertently, that

may limit or prevent someone's full

participation in their communities.

Rick Hansen

Foundation

Barrier:

Awareness

A lack of understanding of the extent of

social, health and economic impact of

Rick Hansen

Foundation




disability and of motivation to care and

take action.

Barrier:

Education

A lack of appropriate access — whether

physical or attitudinal — to educational

experiences and/or training and skills

development.

Rick Hansen

Foundation

Barrier:

Employment

A lack of access to meaningful, relevant

and economically self-sustaining work.

Rick Hansen

Foundation

Barrier: Health A lack of cures and care that contribute

to an individual’s state of well-being in

body and/or mind.

Rick Hansen

Foundation

Barrier: Physical A feature of a site, structure, technology,

system, space or an environment that

may prevent or limit someone’s ability to

fully participate in that designed

environment.

Rick Hansen

Foundation

Blended

transition

A connection with a slope of 1:20 (5%) or

less between the level of a pedestrian

walkway and the level of a crosswalk.

CSA B651-12

Bollard A short vertical post.

A variety of structures to control or direct

road traffic, such as posts arranged in a

line to obstruct the passage of motor

vehicles.

Wikipedia

Building A permanent or temporary structure of

any size that accommodates facilities to

which people have access.

A site accommodating sanitary facilities

may include a toilet block in a public park

or shower facilities at a campsite.

CEUD




A temporary building may include

portable toilet facilities such as those

provided at outdoor events.

Building user A person regardless of age, size, ability or

disability using facilities in a site or

associated external environment.

CEUD

Cane detectable Any object or a change in surface texture

that falls within the detection range of a

long white cane.

GAATES

http://gaates.org

Channelization The separation or regulation of

movements into definite routes of travel.

United States

Access Board

Colour contrast A significant contrast in colour between

the foreground and the background of an

element, e.g., light on a dark background

or dark on a light background (70%

contrast between characters and the

background is considered an appropriate

contrast for people with low vision).

CNIB

www.cnib.ca

Crosswalk That portion of a pedestrian crossing that

is within the vehicular right-of-way.

CSA B651-12

Curb ramp (curb

cut, dropped

curb)

A sloped surface built into a curb.

A lowered section of curb between a

pavement and roadway forming a level

or flush crossing point.

CSA B651-12

CEUD

Designated car

parking

Car parking spaces reserved for the use

of car users with disabilities, whether as

motorists or passengers.

CEUD

Disability A broad term that describes a physical

condition that may require consideration

to ensure their full participation in the

Rick Hansen

Foundation

http://gaates.org/

http://www.cnib.ca/




activities of daily living and community

involvement.

Glare The reflection from a surface. CSA B651-12

Grille

An opening of several slits side by side in

a wall or metal sheet or other barrier,

usually to let air or water enter and/or

leave but to keep larger objects including

people and animals in or out.

CEUD

Gutter The sloped drainage area directly in front

of a curb or curb ramp.

CSA B651-12

Illumination The intensity of light (or brightness), as

measured in lux (symbol: lx). The lux is a

unit of luminance and luminous

emittance. It is a measure of how much

luminous flux or visible light (measured in

lumens) is present on a given surface

area. One lux is equal to one lumen per

square metre.

Brightness for incandescent lights is

measured in watts (power), whereas

brightness for new CFL and LED light

bulbs is measured in lumens. There is not

a direct conversion between the two. A

60-watt incandescent light bulb is

equivalent to an 800-lumen LED light

bulb, while a 100-watt incandescent light

bulb is equivalent to a 1,600-lumen LED

light bulb.

CSA B651-12 &

Wikipedia

CNIB

City of Kitchener

Urban Design

Manual

Inclusion The practice of eliminating the labelling

of people by ability and instead ensuring

Rick Hansen

Foundation




everyone has an equal opportunity to

fully participate in all aspects of

community life and services.

Intersection A junction where two or more routes of

travel (vehicular or pedestrian) meet or

cross.

CSA B651-12

Park and ride The formal provision of car parking linked

with either bus or rail services.

CEUD

Passenger pickup

area

An area where pedestrians board and

disembark road vehicles.

City of Kitchener

Urban Design

Manual

Pedestrian area An area where pedestrian traffic is

permitted. It applies to both exterior and

interior spaces and can include

walkways, halls, corridors, and aisles, as

well as open spaces such as lobbies, atria,

malls, or parks.

CSA B651-12

Pedestrian

crossing

The combination of crosswalk segments,

curb ramps, or blended transitions,

medians, and refuge islands that connect

departure and arrival walkways across a

vehicular right-of-way.

CSA B651-12

Pedestrian

right-of-way

That portion of the public right-of-way

that is dedicated to the unrestricted

movement of persons.

CSA B651-12

Pedestrian route A continuous and unobstructed path of

travel within a pedestrian circulation area

that provides accessibility.

CSA B651-12

Physical

disability

A physical condition (mobility, visual and

hearing) that may require consideration

Rick Hansen

Foundation




to ensure full participation in the

activities of daily living and community

involvement.

Platform lift An elevating device that is installed at a

permanent location in a site structure

and is used to transport persons with

disabilities on a platform that moves

between permanent levels.

Enclosed stair lift — an inclined lift where

the platform runway is separate from the

stair circulation space.

Enclosed vertical lift — a vertical lift with

an enclosed platform runway.

Unenclosed stair lift — an inclined lift

where the platform or chair runway is

within the stair circulation space.

Unenclosed vertical lift — a vertical lift

with a partially enclosed or unenclosed

platform runway.

CSA B651-12

Public

right-of-way

Private property or public land, usually in

interconnected corridors, that is acquired

for or devoted to pedestrian and

vehicular purposes.

CSA B651-12

Raised crossing A crossing where the crosswalk is

elevated between 80 mm and 150 mm

above the adjacent road surface, with

CSA B651-12




ramps on the approaches. It is designed

to reduce speeds and draw attention to

the crosswalk and the pedestrians, so

that pedestrians can traverse the road

safely.

Ramp A sloping walkway leading from one level

to another, which has a running slope

with a ratio steeper than or equal to 1:20

(5%).

Walkways with a running slope shallower

than 1:20 are not considered to be ramps

in the context of the CSA Standard.

CSA B651-12

Raised

intersection

A flat raised area that covers an entire

intersection, with ramps installed on all

vehicular approaches. The intersection is

usually raised to the level of the

sidewalk, or slightly below to provide a

“lip” that is detectable by persons with

low vision.

CSA B651-12

Shared-use

walkway

A path of travel, separate from a

vehicular route, where pedestrians on

foot and those using various types of

mobility aids (e.g., manual or power

wheelchairs, scooters, canes, long white

canes, walkers, or crutches) share space

with persons who use non-motorized

items (e.g., skateboards, inline skates,

bicycles).

CSA B651-12




Signal controlled

intersection

An intersection where movement of

pedestrians and vehicles is regulated by

signals and designated signage installed

by authorities having jurisdiction.

CSA B651-12

Signage Information provided in the form of

visual and tactile communication that

incorporates one or more of the

following elements:

(a) alphanumeric symbols;

(b) pictograms;

(c) illustrations (plans, etc.); or

(d) Braille.

CSA B651-12

Sign controlled

intersection

An intersection where movement of

pedestrians and vehicles is regulated by

designated signage installed by

authorities having jurisdiction.

CSA B651-12

Slip lane/

uncontrolled

access ramp

A channelized vehicular route without

stop controls that connects two vehicular

rights-of-way.

CSA B651-12

Slope (gradient) The ratio of rise to run on an inclined

surface.

Running slope — the slope that is parallel

to the direction of travel.

Cross slope — the slope that is

perpendicular to the direction of travel.

Gutter slope — the crossfall of the

drainage area at the edge of the street

directly in front of a curb ramp.

Washington State




Counter slope — the combined sum of

the running slope of a curb ramp and of

the gutter slope, in percentages.

Soffit The underside of any construction

element, the underside of a flight of

stairs.

CEUD

Spinal cord injury A spinal cord injury occurs when trauma

(such as a fall or a traffic accident) or

disease (such as a tumor or spina bifida)

damages the spinal cord, resulting in

partial or complete paralysis.

Rick Hansen

Foundation

Splitter island A flush or raised island that separates

entering and exiting traffic (e.g., at a

roundabout intersection).

CSA B651-12

Stair nosing The leading edge of a step or landing.

An edge part of the tread that protrudes

over the riser beneath. If it is present,

this means that, measured horizontally,

the total “run” length of the stairs is not

simply the sum of the tread lengths, as

the treads overlap each other.

CEUD

Wikipedia

Stair rise The rise of each step is the vertical

distance from the top of one tread to the

top of the next tread.

Stair riser The vertical portion between each tread

on the stair. This may be missing for an

“open” stair effect.

Wikipedia

Stair run The horizontal distance between two

risers or from nosing to nosing.




Stair tread The part of the stairway that is stepped

on. The tread “depth” is measured from

the outer edge of the step to the vertical

“riser” between steps (it is usually 1 in.

more than the run). The “width” is

measured from one side to the other.

Wikipedia

Street furniture Items located in street and other

pedestrian environments, such as lamp

posts, litter bins, signs, benches, and post

boxes.

CEUD

Tactile markings Lettering or graphics that are slightly

raised above the surface.

CSA B651-12

Tactile walking

(paving) surface

A standardized surface, detectable

underfoot or by a long white cane, to

assist persons with low vision or

blindness by alerting or guiding them.

(CSA)

A profiled paving or textured surface that

provides guidance or warning to

pedestrians with visual difficulties.

(CEUD)

CSA B651-12

CEUD

TWSI (tactile

walking surface

indicator)

Standardized walking surfaces

that convey information to people

with vision loss through texture

and, occasionally, sound.

There are two types of TWSIs:

Attention TWSIs — sometimes called

warning TWSIs, call attention to key

CNIB Clearing Our

Path

http://www.clearin

gourpath.ca/3.3.0-

twsi_e.php

http://www.clearingourpath.ca/3.3.0-twsi_e.php






hazards such as the start of a staircase or

the edge of a platform.

Guidance TWSIs — also known as

wayfinding TWSIs, provide information

about the direction of travel through

open spaces. They are designed to guide

a person on a designated path of travel.

Transfer space An unobstructed area allowing the

positioning of a wheelchair to enable a

person to transfer to another adjacent

seated position.

CSA B651-12

Universal Design The design of products and environments

to be usable by all people, to the greatest

extent possible, without the need for

adaptation or specialized design. (Rick

Hansen Foundation)

Universal Design = Usable Design =

Understandable Design (understanding

the user).

For example, an older person may

require many resting places due to

discomfort when walking for long

distances. (CEUD)

Rick Hansen

Foundation

CEUD

Vehicular

right-of-way

That portion of the public right-of-way

dedicated to the movement of motorized

(mechanically propelled) vehicles for the

transport of persons or goods. This

includes roadways, transit ways, and rail

lines.

CSA B651-12




Walk interval That phase of a traffic signal cycle during

which a pedestrian is to begin crossing,

typically indicated by a WALK message or

the walking person symbol and its

audible equivalent.

CSA B651-12

Wayfinding A consistent use and organization of

definite sensory cues in the environment

used to guide a person from one point to

another.

CSA B651-12

References Page 312

References

Canadian Human Rights Commission. (2007, August). International Best Practices

in Universal Design, A Global Review. Retrieved from http://www.chrc

ccdp.ca/sites/default/files/bestpractices_en.pdf

CNIB. (2018, February). Clearing our Path. Retrieved from:

http://www.clearingourpath.ca/site/2.1.0-layout_e.php

CSA Group. (2015). Accessible design for the built environment, B651-12, 2012

CSA Group - Reprinted with revisions October 2015. ISBN 978-1-55491-929-1.

Levine, D. (2003). NYC Guidebook to Accessibility and Universal Design. Center for

Inclusive Design & Environmental Access, University at Buffalo, State

University of New York, ISBN 0-9714202-3-8. Retrieved from

http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/udny/udny2.pdf

National Disability Authority (NDA). (2018, February). In Centre for Excellence in

Universal Design (CEUD). Retrieved from www.universaldesign.ie

Queen’s University. (1997). Queen’s University Accessibility Guidelines. Retrieved

from: http://www.queensu.ca/camplan/reports/aguide/

University at Buffalo. School of Architecture and Planning. In Center for Inclusive

Design and Environmental Access (IDeA Center). Retrieved from:

http://idea.ap.buffalo.edu

United Nations Secretariat. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA).

(June 2013). Accessibility and Development: environmental accessibility and its

http://www.clearingourpath.ca/site/2.1.0-layout_e.php

http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/udny/udny2.pdf

http://www.universaldesign.ie/

http://www.queensu.ca/camplan/reports/aguide/

http://idea.ap.buffalo.edu/

References Page 313

implications for inclusive, sustainable and equitable development for all.

Retrieved from:

http://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/accessibility_and_development_ju

ne2013.pdf

United Nations. Accessibility for the Disabled: A Design Manual for a Barrier Free

Environment. In Enable. Retrieved from:

http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/designm/index.html

United States Access Board. (2018, February). In Guidelines and Standards.

Retrieved from: https://www.access-board.gov/guidelines-and-standards

http://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/accessibility_and_development_june2013.pdf

http://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/accessibility_and_development_june2013.pdf

http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/designm/index.html

https://www.access-board.gov/guidelines-and-standards