The Revolution for the Rest of UsGeorge Musser6 October 2006

Zooming OutSource: Millennium Simulation (http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/millennium/)

Zooming OutSource: Millennium Simulation (http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/millennium/)

The (Very) Big Picture

Our Lineage

Cosmic Lineage

Expansion of Space

Thinning Out

Formation of Coherent Bodies

The Revolution

Four Pillars of Big Bang TheoryGalaxy recession (expansion of space)Cosmic microwave background radiationAbundance of light chemical elementsArrangement of galaxies

Pillar #1: Expansion RateSources: Sandage, ApJ 307:1 (1986); de Vaucouleurs, PNAS 90:4811 (1993)Is It Slow?Or Fast?H0=55 km/s/MpcH0=86 km/s/Mpc

Resolving the DisputeSource: Freedman et al. (astro-ph/0012376)

Resolving the DisputeSource: Freedman et al. (astro-ph/0012376)

Past Expansion Rate

Past Expansion RateSource: Saul Perlmutter, Physics Today, April 2003

Decelerating

DeceleratingAccelerating

Pillar #2: Afterglow

Source: WMAP Science Team (http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_or/mr_media2.html)COBE resolutionSize of observable universe at 400,000 yr

Lots of SpotsSource: http://space.mit.edu/home/tegmark/wmap3.htmlVentiGrandeTall

Pillar #3: NucleosynthesisSource: 2006 Particle Data Book (http://pdg.lbl.gov/2006/reviews/bigbangnucrpp.pdf)

Pillar #4: Large-Scale StructureAdapted from Gott et al. (astro-ph/0310571)

Master Power SpectrumSource: Max Tegmark (http://space.mit.edu/home/tegmark/sdss.html)

Spots RepriseSource: Eisenstein et al., ApJ 633:560 (2005)

Concordance ModelHow much stuff is there?What kinds of stuff?What is it doing?

How Much Stuff?The Omega ProblemCluster 0024+1645Theorists: = 1Observers: ~ 0.3Source: http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1996/10/image/a

Chart7

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1

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Relative Size of Universe

Sheet1

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0.950.10471204190.51282051280.904522613111.09452736321.46341463411.9047619048

0.960.10373443980.51020408160.903614457811.09561752991.47058823531.9230769231

0.970.10277492290.50761421320.902708124411.09670987041.47783251231.9417475728

0.980.10183299390.50505050510.901803607211.09780439121.48514851491.9607843137

0.990.10090817360.50251256280.900900900911.09890109891.49253731341.9801980198

10.10.50.911.11.52

Sheet1

0.1

0.5

0.9

1

1.1

1.5

2

Relative Size of Universe

Sheet2

Sheet3

Settling the Omega DisputeSource: Tegmark et al. (astro-ph/0608632)

What Kinds of Stuff?Source: Ostriker & Steinhardt, Sci Am Jan 2001

Radiation Era and Matter Era

Overall CompositionSource: Ostriker & Steinhardt, Sci Am Jan 2001

Dark Matter Is Boring. Good!Radiation EraMatter EraAtoms formDark matterOrdinary matterAdapted from slide by Seb Oliver (http://astronomy.sussex.ac.uk/~sjo/teach/dist2003/lecture19-lss/lecture19.ppt)Density contrast60 kyr400 kyr

Without DM, Galaxies Are ToastSource: Max Tegmark (http://space.mit.edu/home/tegmark/movies_60dpi/fb_movie.html)28% dark, 3% ordinary19%, 12%16%, 16%0%, 30%

Source: Sean Carroll (http://cosmicvariance.com/wp-images/dmmotivator_01.jpg)

Overall CompositionSource: Ostriker & Steinhardt, Sci Am Jan 2001

The Dark Energy Era

Cosmic ErasRadiation EraMatter EraDark Energy Era

Cosmic ErasInflation EraRadiation EraMatter EraDark Energy Era

Structure FormationSource: Andrey Kravtsov (http://cosmicweb.uchicago.edu/filaments.html)Scale: 140 Mlyr

Summary So FarPrecision observationsTidy end to old debatesDark energy given a catchy nameBut Is It Really a Revolution?Same model (big bang + inflation)Same theoretical basis (relativity)Same types of observations (pillars)

Whats the Cultural Impact?From Entretiens sur la pluralit des mondes, Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle, 1686

Cosmology Fundamental Physics Mysteries The Great Big Particle Accelerator in the Sky

Cosmology Fundamental Physics Mysteries The Great Big Particle Accelerator in the Sky The Great Big Microscope in the Sky

The Tree of Physics

Hierarchy of Scaleaka The devil isnt in the details.

Holographic Principle

Possibility vs. Actualityaka What can be, is. (Or is it?)

The Oddities of an Infinite (or Very Large) Space

What do the laws of physics require, and what do they simply allow?What is mandated, and what is happenstance?What does happenstance mean, anyway?If everything that is possible doesnt happen, then what makes the choice?

Cosmic Coincidence

The Best May Be Yet to Come!Whole new particle families (Large Hadron Collider)Evidence for extra dimensions (LHC)Signals from before the big bang (Planck satellite, gravitational-wave observatories)Evidence that spacetime is discrete (gamma-ray dispersion, interferometer fluctuations)Detection of dark matter (particle detectors)Tests of multiverse concept (galaxy observations, quantum unitarity experiments)

Bullet Cluster Slides

Bullet ClusterSource: http://chandra.harvard.edu/press/06_releases/press_082106.htmlOptical (galaxies)

Bullet ClusterSource: http://chandra.harvard.edu/press/06_releases/press_082106.htmlOptical (galaxies)X-Ray (gas)

Bullet ClusterSource: http://chandra.harvard.edu/press/06_releases/press_082106.htmlX-Ray (gas)

Bullet ClusterSource: http://chandra.harvard.edu/press/06_releases/press_082106.htmlX-Ray (gas)Lensing (mass)

Bullet ClusterSource: http://chandra.harvard.edu/press/06_releases/press_082106.htmlX-Ray (gas)Lensing (mass)

Old Expansion Slides

Sources: Freedman et al. (astro-ph/0012376)Current expansion rate

Sources: Freedman et al. (astro-ph/0012376)Current expansion rate

Sources: Freedman et al. (astro-ph/0002376); Ned Wright (http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/sne_cosmology.html)Past expansion rateCurrent expansion rateBest fit

MP4 movieMP4 movie