the restoration of the old order
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The Restoration of the Old Order. The Post-Napoleonic Settlement. First Treaty of Paris, May 1814. Bourbons restored to the throne of France In the form of Louis XVIII. 2. France made to give-up all of its Conquests after 1792. 3. France regained most of its overseas - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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LOGO The Restoration of the Old Order
The Post-Napoleonic Settlement
First Treaty of Paris, May 1814
1. Bourbons restored to the throne of FranceIn the form of Louis XVIII
2. France made to give-up all of its Conquests after 1792
3. France regained most of its overseasColonies lost in the wars.
4. France was not required to pay anIndemnity.
Louis XVIII
The Hundred Days
Napoleon decides to attack the allies in
Belgium.The British
under Wellington
& the Prussians under Blucher
defeat Napoleon at Waterloo on
June 18, 1815.
Louis XVIII flees France to save
himself.Napoleon promises
new progressive
reforms and not to
return to conquests.Allies don’t believe him and begin to
move against him.
Napoleon leaves Elba & lands
in Southern France on March 1 1815.
The Army rallies around him.
March 20th he enters Paris in
triumph.
Return Rule Waterloo
The Allies again send Napoleon into exile, this time on St.
Helena in the South
AtlanticHe dies there in
1821.
Exile
The Congress of Vienna
1. Prevent France from pursuing further wars of aggression
2. Restore a balance of power inEurope with equality among states
3. Principle of Legitimacy – returnTo pre-revolution status quo. 4. Allies were to be rewarded for Victory and those defeated had To be punished.
Congress met from September 1814 to June 1815.
Great powers (Britain, Prussia, Russia, Austria, and France) dominated the proceedings.
Goals:
Statesmen at the Congress1. Prince Klemens von Metternich
- Austria’s foreign minister- Strong conservative advocate.
2. Viscount Castlereagh of Britain - Supported Metternich
3. Tsar Alexander I of Russia - Agreed with allies, pushed for control of Poland
4. Prince Karl von Hardenberg - Represented Prussia
5. Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand- Represented France
Metternich
Agreements
1. Principle of Legitimacy upheld.- Bourbons returned to power.
2. Holy Roman Empire was not Recreated – German Confederation
3. Britain and Austria oppose the Plan proposed by Prussia & RussiaOver Poland and Saxony.
4. Russia and Prussia back downEach gets smaller amount of land.
Territorial Settlement
Russia Prussia Austria Britain
Russia gained land in Poland and retained Finland
Acquired 2/5 of Saxony and territory in the Rhineland
Lost Belgium to the Netherlands, gained land in Italy
Acquired Cape Colony, Ceylon, Trinidad and Tobago and Malta
Second Treaty of Paris
1. Following Napoleon’s final defeat the Allies imposed a more Severe settlement on France
2. France was reduced to the borders of 1790.
3. French required to pay anIndemnity of 700 million francs toAllies.
4. Allies occupied 17 French fortsFor 5 years.
Europe after Congress of Vienna 1815
The Alliance System
Great Britain
PrussiaRussia
Austria
France
Concert of Europe
1. The Holy Alliance- Russia, Prussia & Austria allied on “Christian” Principles
2. Quadruple Alliance - With the addition of Britain, maintained alliance that fought France
3. Concert of Europe - Designed to maintain the system devised at the Congress of Vienna
Independence MovementsOpposition to the Restored Order
Revolt against Turkish rule in Greece – leads to independence in 1829
Revolts in Latin America lead to independence of most nations
Belgium received independence from Holland after revolt in 1830.
Revolts in Spain and Italy for liberal reforms, crushed by French & Austrians