The RenaissanceThe RenaissanceMr. HeapsMr. Heaps

World HistoryWorld History

TheThe RenaissanceRenaissance► A ________ of ancient Greek & A ________ of ancient Greek &

Roman cultures; began in Roman cultures; began in Northern ________.Northern ________.

► CharacteristicsCharacteristics:: Italy was an ________ societyItaly was an ________ society

arranged into city-states with a arranged into city-states with a _________ viewpoint rather than a _________ viewpoint rather than a religious viewpoint.religious viewpoint.

Was an age of ___________ from Was an age of ___________ from 1414thth century disasters such as the century disasters such as the Plague, political instability, a Plague, political instability, a decline in literacy, & a decline of decline in literacy, & a decline of church power.church power.

A new human view emerged: A new human view emerged: “Men “Men can do what they will.”can do what they will.” This view This view placed a high regard for human placed a high regard for human worth & realization of what worth & realization of what humans could achieve. This new humans could achieve. This new focus was called _____________.focus was called _____________.

rebirthItaly

secular

recovery

humanism

urban

““The Renaissance Man”The Renaissance Man”► A high regard was placed A high regard was placed

on human worth, creating on human worth, creating a belief that a a belief that a _____________, universal _____________, universal person was capable of person was capable of achievements in many achievements in many areas of life.areas of life.

► ________________ was the ________________ was the ideal example of the ideal example of the Renaissance man because Renaissance man because he showed _________ in he showed _________ in many different fields. He many different fields. He was a painter, sculptor, was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and architect, inventor, and mathematician; a true mathematician; a true example of a Renaissance example of a Renaissance Man.Man.

Video Clip

well-rounded

Leonardo da Vinci

talent

Johannes GutenbergJohannes Gutenberg► During the Medieval During the Medieval

Period, printing was done Period, printing was done by hand in monasteries by hand in monasteries by _________.by _________.

► Gutenberg was the 1Gutenberg was the 1stst European to print using European to print using ________________ type.________________ type.

► Gutenberg’s _________ Gutenberg’s _________ (1455) was the 1(1455) was the 1stst European book printed European book printed from moveable type.from moveable type.

► The increase in printing The increase in printing encouraged scholarly encouraged scholarly research and increased research and increased the public’s desire to the public’s desire to gain knowledge. gain knowledge. __________ boomed in __________ boomed in Europe.Europe. Video Clip

monks

moveable metal Bible

Literacy

The Italian City-StatesThe Italian City-States► A __________ is a small A __________ is a small

nation controlled by a city.nation controlled by a city.► ________, ________, & ________, ________, &

_________ were cities that _________ were cities that played crucial roles in played crucial roles in Italian politics.Italian politics.

► These Italian city-states These Italian city-states were at the crossroads of were at the crossroads of Europe, Africa, & Asia. Europe, Africa, & Asia. They became very They became very populated and wealthy populated and wealthy due to ________. due to ________.

► Wealthy Italian _________ Wealthy Italian _________ usually controlled each usually controlled each city-state.city-state.

Video ClipVideo Clip

Florence

Milan Venice

familiestrade

city-state

MilanMilan►One of the ________ One of the ________

Italian city-states due to Italian city-states due to trade.trade.

► After long being ruled After long being ruled by the Visconti Family, by the Visconti Family, ____________________________ became became the Duke of Milan.the Duke of Milan.

► Sforza was the leader of Sforza was the leader of a band of _____________.a band of _____________.

► Created an efficient ____ Created an efficient ____ system that generated system that generated enormous revenues for enormous revenues for the government.the government.

Francesco Sforza

richest

Francesco Sforza

mercenaries tax

VeniceVenice► A link between ______ and A link between ______ and

Western Europe.Western Europe.► Venice drew _______ from Venice drew _______ from

all over the world.all over the world.► Venice was a __________ Venice was a __________

with an elected leader with an elected leader called a called a DogeDoge..

► In reality, Venice was In reality, Venice was ruled by a small group of ruled by a small group of wealthy merchant-wealthy merchant-____________.____________.

Asia

traders

Republic

aristocrats

FlorenceFlorence► The __________ & cultural The __________ & cultural

center of Renaissance center of Renaissance Italy.Italy.

► Controlled by the wealthy Controlled by the wealthy _________ Family._________ Family.

► Lorenzo de Medici & his Lorenzo de Medici & his son, Cosimo, were son, Cosimo, were _________ of the arts and _________ of the arts and often sponsored great often sponsored great artists such as artists such as _____________ to adorn _____________ to adorn their city with their their city with their masterpieces.masterpieces.

► Many of the great Many of the great Renaissance artists had Renaissance artists had _________ in Florence._________ in Florence.

artistic

Medici

patrons

Michelangelo

studios

The Bonfire of the VanitiesThe Bonfire of the VanitiesA Dominican priest or monk A Dominican priest or monk

named ___________ gained named ___________ gained popularity in Florence, ousting popularity in Florence, ousting the rule of the Medici’s.the rule of the Medici’s.

► SavonarolaSavonarola placed strict placed strict regulations on the ___________ regulations on the ___________ society of Florence and society of Florence and attacked the Church with attacked the Church with accusations of corruption.accusations of corruption.

► Savonarola is infamous for Savonarola is infamous for the Bonfire of the the Bonfire of the ____________. ____________.

► He was charged with He was charged with _________ and later burned at _________ and later burned at stake. stake.

► The Medici Family regained The Medici Family regained power.power.

Savonarola

secular

Vanitiesheresy

Italian WarsItalian Wars► Fact: The growth of Fact: The growth of

powerful ___________ powerful ___________ around Italy in Europe led around Italy in Europe led to trouble for the Italian to trouble for the Italian City-States.City-States.

►Question: Why would Question: Why would French king Charles VIII French king Charles VIII lead an army of 30,000 lead an army of 30,000 into Naples in Southern into Naples in Southern Italy?Italy?

► Answer: Answer: ______________________________________

$$$$$$$$

monarchies

The riches of Italy

Italian Wars (cont.)Italian Wars (cont.)►Northern Italian States turned to _______ for Northern Italian States turned to _______ for

help. help. ► For 30 years, France & Spain battled for For 30 years, France & Spain battled for

____________ in Italy.____________ in Italy.► Thousands of Spanish troops along with Thousands of Spanish troops along with

____________ from other countries marched ____________ from other countries marched into Rome.into Rome.

►Having not been paid for months, they cried, Having not been paid for months, they cried, ______________________________

► King Charles I of Spain replied, King Charles I of Spain replied, “If you have “If you have ever dreamed of ___________ a town and ever dreamed of ___________ a town and laying hold of its treasures, here now is one, laying hold of its treasures, here now is one, the richest of them all, queen of the world.”the richest of them all, queen of the world.”

►Open to page 160 to see what happened.Open to page 160 to see what happened.

SpainSpain

dominandominancece

mercenariemercenariess

““Money! Money! Money!”Money!”

pillagingpillaging

Niccolo MachiavelliNiccolo Machiavelli►His book, ____ _______His book, ____ _______, , is one is one

of the most influential works of the most influential works on political power in the on political power in the Western world. The book’s Western world. The book’s central thesis was about how central thesis was about how to ________ and keep political to ________ and keep political power.power.

►Machiavelli was among the 1Machiavelli was among the 1stst to abandon ________ as the to abandon ________ as the basis for political activity.basis for political activity.

“ “A prince acts on behalf of the A prince acts on behalf of the _______. For the sake of the _______. For the sake of the state, he must be willing to state, he must be willing to let his ___________ sleep.”let his ___________ sleep.”

Niccolo Machiavelli

The Prince

acquire

morality

state

conscience

Machiavelli v. Middle AgesMachiavelli v. Middle AgesMachiavelli’s Machiavelli’s

viewpointviewpoint► Political power should Political power should

not be restricted by not be restricted by ________ principles.________ principles.

► A prince should not A prince should not deviate from good if deviate from good if that is possible, but that is possible, but should know how to do should know how to do ______ if necessary. ______ if necessary.

► A prince must be A prince must be willing to let his willing to let his conscience ________.conscience ________.

Middle Age viewpointMiddle Age viewpoint►Many writers on Many writers on

political power political power stressed the stressed the __________ side of a __________ side of a Prince’s activity.Prince’s activity.

► ““A ruler ought to A ruler ought to behave based on behave based on ___________ principles.___________ principles.

ethical

Christian

moral

evil

sleep

Review QuestionsReview Questions

►What attracted the French King to What attracted the French King to Italy?Italy? The riches of Italy.The riches of Italy.

►Why did the army of Charles I of Spain Why did the army of Charles I of Spain sack the city of Rome in 1527?sack the city of Rome in 1527? His army had not been paid for months, His army had not been paid for months,

so he allowed them to smash the gates so he allowed them to smash the gates and loot the city.and loot the city.

The Book of the CourtierThe Book of the Courtierby by Baldassare CastiglioneBaldassare Castiglione

► Although nobles made Although nobles made up only 2 to 3% of the up only 2 to 3% of the population, they population, they dominated dominated Renaissance society.Renaissance society.

► Nobles held important Nobles held important political posts and political posts and served as advisers to served as advisers to the king.the king.

► The Book of the The Book of the CourtierCourtier was a code of was a code of behavior for the ideal behavior for the ideal courtier or noble.courtier or noble.

Characteristics of a Perfect Characteristics of a Perfect Renaissance NobleRenaissance Noble

1.1. A Noble was _____, not made. He should A Noble was _____, not made. He should have _________, ______, & _______.have _________, ______, & _______.

2.2. The ideal noble had to develop 2 skills:The ideal noble had to develop 2 skills:

a)a) to perform ________ & physical exercises to perform ________ & physical exercises because the chief aim of a noble was to because the chief aim of a noble was to be a warrior.be a warrior.

b)b) To gain a classical ____________ and To gain a classical ____________ and enrich his life with the arts.enrich his life with the arts.

3.3. Nobles should follow a certain standard of Nobles should follow a certain standard of ___________. ___________. (see text pages 161 & 162)(see text pages 161 & 162)

Characteristics of a Perfect Characteristics of a Perfect Renaissance Noble Renaissance Noble

1.1. A Noble was _____, not made. He should A Noble was _____, not made. He should have _________, ______, & _______.have _________, ______, & _______.

2.2. The ideal noble had to develop 2 skills:The ideal noble had to develop 2 skills:

a)a) to perform ________ & physical exercises to perform ________ & physical exercises because the chief aim of a noble was to because the chief aim of a noble was to be a warrior.be a warrior.

b)b) To gain a classical ____________ and To gain a classical ____________ and enrich his life with the arts.enrich his life with the arts.

3.3. Nobles should follow a certain standard of Nobles should follow a certain standard of ___________. ___________.

borncharact

ergrace talent

military

education

conduct

Francesco Petrarch (Scholar)Francesco Petrarch (Scholar)►Father of Italian Father of Italian

Renaissance ____________.Renaissance ____________.►Looked for & discovered Looked for & discovered

forgotten Latin forgotten Latin manuscripts in _________ manuscripts in _________ _________ throughout _________ throughout Europe.Europe.

►Emphasized using pure Emphasized using pure _________ Latin (Latin of the _________ Latin (Latin of the Romans, not medieval Romans, not medieval Latin)Latin)

Humanism

monastic libraries

classical

Vernacular LiteratureVernacular Literature

►The Humanist emphasis on classical The Humanist emphasis on classical Latin led to its use in the writings of Latin led to its use in the writings of __________, _____________, & __________, _____________, & ________________. (those who were ________________. (those who were highly educated)highly educated)

►However, some writers wrote in However, some writers wrote in _______________, or language spoken in _______________, or language spoken in their own regions. (such as Italian, their own regions. (such as Italian, French, or German.)French, or German.)

scholarslawyers theologians

Vernacular

DanteDante►Wrote in the Italian Vernacular.Wrote in the Italian Vernacular.►Dante’s masterpiece is the Dante’s masterpiece is the

__________ ___________:__________ ___________: The story of the soul’s journey The story of the soul’s journey

to _____________, through Hell, to _____________, through Hell, Purgatory, & Heaven.Purgatory, & Heaven.

_____________- _____________- in Roman in Roman Catholic theology, the place Catholic theology, the place where those who have died in a where those who have died in a state of grace undergo limited state of grace undergo limited torment to atone for their sins torment to atone for their sins before entering heaven. before entering heaven.

Divine Comedy

salvation

Purgatory

Geoffrey ChaucerGeoffrey Chaucer►Wrote in the __________ Wrote in the __________

vernacular.vernacular.►His famous work is the His famous work is the

____________ _________:____________ _________: A collection of stories A collection of stories

told by 29 pilgrims as told by 29 pilgrims as they journey to the they journey to the tomb of Saint Thomas tomb of Saint Thomas Becket @ Canterbury, Becket @ Canterbury, Eng.Eng.

Purpose: To portray an Purpose: To portray an entire range of English entire range of English _________ from the high _________ from the high to the low born.to the low born.

Canterbury Tales

English

society

Christine de PizanChristine de Pizan► Wrote in the ________ Wrote in the ________

vernacular.vernacular.► Best known for her works Best known for her works

written in defense of written in defense of ____________.____________.

► Male writers of her time argued Male writers of her time argued that women are unable to that women are unable to _________ & easily __________._________ & easily __________.

► Her book, Her book, The Book of the City The Book of the City of Ladies,of Ladies, argued that women argued that women could learn as well as men if could learn as well as men if they could they could _____________________._____________________.

French

women

learn swayed

attend the same schools

► Renaissance artists Renaissance artists sought to imitate sought to imitate _________ in their _________ in their works.works.

► They wanted those They wanted those who viewed their who viewed their works to see a works to see a ____________ view of ____________ view of the objects they the objects they were portraying.were portraying.

► _________ _________ _________ _________ were the focus of were the focus of attention of attention of Renaissance artists.Renaissance artists.

nature

realistic

Human Beings

Notice how detailed or realistic the image in the mirror is. Renaissance art was to the people who lived to experience it, like the

photograph was to the first to see it. REALISTIC!!!

► The frescoes painted by Masaccio in Florence, The frescoes painted by Masaccio in Florence, Italy early in the 15Italy early in the 15thth century are regarded as century are regarded as the first ____________ of early Renaissance art.the first ____________ of early Renaissance art.

► _________- a painting done on wet plaster with _________- a painting done on wet plaster with water-based paints.water-based paints.

►Whereas medieval paintings made humans Whereas medieval paintings made humans appear _______, Masaccio used the laws of appear _______, Masaccio used the laws of _____________ to create the illusion of 3-_____________ to create the illusion of 3-Dimensions.Dimensions.

Video clip: Artistic Breakthrough - Perspective

masterpieces

Fresco

perspectiveflat

Breakthroughs in Breakthroughs in Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art

1.1. Understanding the laws of ___________ Understanding the laws of ___________ and the organization of outdoor and the organization of outdoor space & light through ___________.space & light through ___________.

2.2. The investigation of movement and The investigation of movement and human ___________.human ___________.

► The realistic portrayal of the The realistic portrayal of the individual person, especially the individual person, especially the ________ _______, became one of the ________ _______, became one of the chief aims of Italian Renaissance Art.chief aims of Italian Renaissance Art.

geometry

perspective

human nude

Video Clip: Renaissance Art & Study of Anatomy

anatomy

The High RenaissanceThe High Renaissance

Leonardo da Vinci

Michelangelo Bounarroti

Raphael

Ideas Promoted by the Ideas Promoted by the RenaissanceRenaissance

►______________ - emphasized a return to ______________ - emphasized a return to a classical study of human capabilities.a classical study of human capabilities.

►______________ - highlighted the ______________ - highlighted the accomplishments of the individual. The accomplishments of the individual. The ideal person showed ________ in many ideal person showed ________ in many different fields.different fields.

►______________ -changed the focus of ______________ -changed the focus of life from the struggle to get to heaven life from the struggle to get to heaven to the advancement of one’s position to the advancement of one’s position on Earth.on Earth.

humanism

individualism

talent

secularism