THE RELATION BETWEEN

INSULIN AND GLUCOSEBY JAHNAVI AND ESTHER

INSULIN

• DEFINITION: A PROTEIN HORMONE SECRETED BY THE PANCREAS THAT IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES AND THE REGULATION OF GLUCOSE LEVELS IN THE BLOOD.

• INSULIN UNLOCKS CELLS FOR GLUCOSE TO GET IN

GLUCOSE • DEFINITION: SUGAR FROM FOOD USED FOR HUMAN

ENERGY RESOURCE

• GLUCOSE PROVIDES ENERGY AND STORES FOR LATER TOO

• BODY’S MAIN ENERGY SOURCE/ MAIN SUGAR IN BLOOD

• COMES FROM FOOD

THEIR CHEMISTRY <3 • NEED INSULIN HORMONES TO GET GLUCOSE INTO CELLS FOR

ENERGY

• FOOD~ BREAKS FOOD DOWN~ PARTIALLY DIGESTED FOOD GOES TO ESOPHAGUS~STOMACH~SMALL INTESTINE~GLUCOSE RELEASED FROM FOOD~ GLUCOSE IN BLOOD~ TRAVELS~GLUCOSE RISES

• ORGAN THAT MAKES INSULIN IS PANCREAS AS RESULT OF RISING LEVELS OF GLUCOSE

• VESSELS TAKE INSULIN AND GLUCOSE CLOSE TO BODY CELLS

DIABETES

• DEFINITION: A DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY HIGH BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS AND CAUSED BY INSUFFICIENT INSULIN OR THE INABILITY OF THE INSULIN TO FUNCTION PROPERLY

• TWO TYPES

TYPE 1 DIABETES • DEFINITION: DIABETES OF A FORM THAT USUALLY DEVELOPS

DURING CHILDHOOD OR ADOLESCENCE AND IS CHARACTERIZED BY A SEVERE DEFICIENCY OF INSULIN, LEADING TO HIGH BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS.

• IMMUNE SYSTEM DESTROYS CELLS IN PANCREAS THAT MAKE INSULIN

• ONCE DESTROYED, CAN’T MAKE INSULIN

• DIABETES AFFECTS WAY BODY USES GLUCOSE

• NO INSULIN TO UNLOCK CELL DOORS

• GLUCOSE LOCKED OUT OF CELLS AND BUILDS IN BLOOD

• IF GLUCOSE CAN’T GET IN CELLS, CELLS DON’T GET ENERGY NEEDED

• INSULIN INJECTIONS HELPS

TYPE 2 DIABETES • DEFINITION: DIABETES OF A FORM THAT DEVELOPS ESPECIALLY IN ADULTS AND

MOST OFTEN OBESE INDIVIDUALS AND THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY HIGH BLOOD GLUCOSE RESULTING FROM IMPAIRED INSULIN UTILIZATION COUPLED WITH THE BODY’S INABILITY TO COMPENSATE WITH INCREASED INSULIN PRODUCTION.

• CAN MAKE INSULIN AT FIRST

• INSULIN CAN’T UNLOCK BODY’S CELLS

• GLUCOSE GETS LOCKED OUT AND BUILDS IN BLOOD

• CELLS DON’T GET ENERGY NEEDED

• GLUCOSE LEVEL UP, SENDS MORE INSULIN INTO BLOOD TO UNLOCK CELLS

• EXTRA INSULIN CAN HELP GLUCOSE GET IN CELLS FOR A WHILE

• EVENTUALLY PANCREAS GETS WORN OUT, AND CAN’T MAKE ENOUGH INSULIN ANYMORE

• TREATMENT (EXERCISE, PROPER DIET, INSULIN INJECTIONS, AND SOMETIMES MEDICATION)

MODEL

• INSULIN= KEY TO DOOR

• INSULIN RECEPTOR= KEY HOLE

• GLUCOSE= PERSON

• GLUCOSE TRANSPORT PROTEIN= DOOR

• NOW WE EXPLAIN AND TALK TO YOU!

• EXTRA… GLUCOSE CANNOT DIRECTLY CROSS LIPID BILAYER, BECCAUSE IT IS HYDROPHILIC, BUT MEMBRANE CORE IS HYDROPHOBIC. GLUT CARRIES ACROSS BILAYER BY FORMING OPENING ON ONE SIDE OF BILAYER, THEN THE OTHER.