the real ambassadors: jazz greats, jazz diplomacy and the globalization of jazz
TRANSCRIPT
The Real Ambassadors:Jazz Greats, Jazz Diplomacy and the
Globalization of Jazz
The Essential Elements of Jazz
• Rhythm• Syncopation• Improvisation• Riff• Break• Tone Color• Blue Notes• Harmony• Percussion• Call and Response• Counterpoint• Polyphony
Harlem Airshaft
• Introduction• First Chorus• Second Chorus• Third Chorus• Fourth Chorus
Duke Ellington
• Born: April 29, 1899
• Died: May 24, 1974
• Performed as: Pianist, composer and Bandleader of the Duke Ellington Orchestra
• Contributions to Jazz:– Reinvented the art of jazz
composition– Ceaseless productivity
• Music: “Take the A Train” “It Don’t Mean a Thing If It
Ain’t Got That Swing”
Dizzy Gillespie
• Born: October 21, 1917
• Died: January 6, 1993
• Performed As: Songwriter, singer, trumpet player, bandleader
• Contributions to Jazz: Founder of Bebop– Publicized new music– Cubop– “Master of rhythm and
harmony balanced by wit.” - Wynton Marsalis
– Supported young musicians• Music: “Salt Peanuts” “Swing
Low, Sweet Cadillac”“Umbrella Man”
Dave Brubeck
• Born: December 6, 1920
• Died: December 5, 2012
• Performed As: Pianist Bandleader of the Dave Brubeck Quartet US Jazz Ambassador
• Contributions to Jazz:Unusual time signaturesContrasting rhythms, meters, tonalitiesIntegrated band
• Music: “Take Five,” “The Duke,” “Travellin’ Blues”
Origins of the Cold War
Soviet PolicyLeader:
StalinPrimary Objective: SecurityStrategy:
Spheres of InfluenceSatellite StatesSeaports
Goals:-Spread Soviet
System -Support Struggling People
American Policy:Franklin Roosevelt
InternationalismWartime ConferencesUnited NationsWorld Bank
WWII: Transition point in American foreign relations, American politics and American culture.
Rabbi Roland B. GittelsohnEulogy at Iwo Jima, March 1945
“Here lie men who loved America. Here lie officers and men, Negroes and whites, rich and poor,
together. Here no man prefers another because of his faith, or despises him because of his color. . . Among
these men there is no discrimination, no prejudice, no hatred. Theirs is the highest and purest democracy.”
“Too much blood has gone into this soil for us to let it lie barren. Too much pain and heartache have
fertilized the earth on which we stand. We here solemnly swear: it shall not be in vain. Out this will
come, we promise, the birth of a new freedom for the sons of men everywhere.”
Essential Question
“How could American democracy be a beacon during the Cold War, and a model for those struggling against Soviet oppression, if
the United States itself practiced brutal discrimination against minorities within its
own borders?”
Mary Dudziak Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of
American Democracy
American Policy:Harry Truman (1945-1953)
Containment•George F. Kennan•Truman Doctrine•Marshall Plan•National Security Council•Berlin Airlift•NATO•Recognition of Israel•Korean War
Robert E. CushmanProfessor, Cornell University
Member of Truman’s Committee on Civil Rights, 1948
. . . the nation finds itself the most powerful spokesman for the democratic way of life, as
opposed to the principles of a totalitarian state. It is unpleasant to have the Russians publicize
our continuing lynchings, our Jim Crow statutes and customs, our anti-Semitic discriminations
and our witch-hunts; but is it undeserved?
American Policy:Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961)
Massive Retaliation•John Foster Dulles•Hungarian Revolution•Covert Actions•Domino Theory•SEATO•Suez Crisis•NDEA•Eisenhower Doctrine•U-2 Incident
Little Rock, 1957
“The tale of the American racists, who abuse human dignity and stoop to the level of animals, must be told.” Izvestia, (Dudziak, p. 123)
. . . “this situation is ruining our foreign policy. The effect of this in Asia and Africa will be worse for us than Hungary was for the Russians.” John Foster Dulles, 1957
(Dudziak, p. 131)
American Policy:John F. Kennedy (1961-
1963)New Initiatives:•Peace Corps•Alliance for Progress•Space Program
Continues Cold War Views of Predecessors•Bay of Pigs•Berlin Crisis•Cuban Missile Crisis •Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
John F. KennedyJune 11, 1963
We preach freedom around the world, and we mean it, and we cherish our freedom here at home, but are we to
say to the world, and much more importantly, to each other that this is a land of the free except for the Negroes; that we have no second-class or caste system, no ghettoes, no master race
except with respect to Negroes?
Fighting Communism With Jazz:
State Department AimsEssential Question
“Why did policymakers feel for the first time in
history that the country should be
represented by jazz?”Penny Von Eschen
Satchmo Blows Up the World
Why Jazz?
Steps on the Road to Jazz Diplomacy
Steps on the Road to Jazz Diplomacy
Constant Controversy
“I never heard so much noise in all my life. . . To send such jazz as Mr. Gillespie, I can assure you that instead of doing good it will do harm and the people will really believe we are barbarians.”Senator Allen J. Ellender of Louisiana
Aims of the Jazz Musicians
Paradoxical Role of Jazz Musicians as Ambassadors
“For the past 25 years, social protest and pride in the history of the Negro have been the most significant themes in what we’ve done.”-Duke Ellington
State Department Tours:Dizzy Gillespie (1956)
State Department Tours:Benny Goodman (1956-1957)
State Department ToursDave Brubeck (1958)
State Department Tours:Louis Armstrong (1960-1961)
State Department Tours:Benny Goodman (1962)
State Department Tours:Duke Ellington (1963)
Impact of Jazz Diplomacy on Jazz:
Duke Ellington
Impact of Jazz Diplomacy on Jazz:
Dizzy Gillespie
Impact of Jazz Diplomacy on Jazz:
Dave Brubeck
The Real Ambassadors:Collaboration and Significance
of Louis ArmstrongBorn: August 4, 1901
Died: July 6, 1971
Performed As: Trumpeter, singer, bandleader
Contributions to Jazz:•Father of modern jazz trumpet- range, clarity of tone•First jazz soloist•Scat•World renowned entertainer
Music: “West End Blues”“Hello Dolly,” “Wonderful World”
CreatingThe Real Ambassadors
The Real Ambassadors
The Joy of Swinging:Billy Strayhorn’s 4 Freedoms
He demanded freedom of expression and lived in what we consider the most important and moral of freedoms: freedom from hate, unconditionally. Freedom from self-pity (even throughout all the pain and bad news). Freedom from fear of possibly doing something that might help another more than it might help himself. Freedom from the kind of pride that would make a man feel he was better that his brother or neighbor.
The Joy of Swinging:The Globalization of Jazz
South African JazzC. Sipho Mabingani
School of Music, ASU
Jazz in the Communist Bloc:Ben Beresford
School of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies, ASU
Slide Credits
Slide Number
1.Hutchinson album collection2.Wikimedia Commons3.Library of Congress- William P. Gottlieb Collection4.Library of Congress- William P. Gottlieb Collection5.Wikimedia Commons- Roland Godefroy6.Library of Congress- Carl Van Vechten7.Wikimedia Commons- National Archives and Records Administration8.National Archives (United Kingdom)9.White House10.Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights p. 1011.Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights, p. 312.U.S. National Gallery13.Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights, p.2914.U.S. National Gallery15.http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14091050 Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights pgs. 123, 13116.Wikimedia Commons- White House17.Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights, pgs. 179-18018.Jam Session: America’s Jazz Ambassadors Embrace the World http://www.meridian.org/jazzambassadors/19.Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement- Images, Session: America’s Jazz Ambassadors Embrace the World20.Library of Congress- James J, Kriegman, National Archives and Records Administration21.Hutchinson cd collection, Wikimedia Commons- Voice of America22.Wikimedia Commons- Library of Congress
Slide Credits
Slide Number
23. Jam Session: America’s Jazz Ambassadors Embrace the World24. Jam Session: America’s Jazz Ambassadors Embrace the World25. Jam Session: America’s Jazz Ambassadors Embrace the World, Hutchinson album selection26. U.S. Army, Jam Session: America’s Jazz Ambassadors Embrace the World27. Jam Session: America’s Jazz Ambassadors Embrace the World28. Jam Session: America’s Jazz Ambassadors Embrace the World29. Jam Session: America’s Jazz Ambassadors Embrace the World30. Jam Session: America’s Jazz Ambassadors Embrace the World31. Wikimedia Commons32. Hutchinson album collection33. Turkish Culture and Tourism Office and Turkish Airlines Ad in NY Times (4/28/2013), Hutchinson album collection34. Library of Congress- William P. Gottlieb Collection35. http://www.biography.com/blog/remembering-dave-brubeck-and-the-real-ambassadors-21056437 36. Hutchinson album collection, Jam Session: America’s Jazz Ambassadors Embrace the World37. Library of Congress- William P. Gottlieb Collection38. Turkish Culture and Tourism Office and Turkish Airlines Ad in NY Times (4/28/2013), Hutchinson photo collection39. Hutchinson album collection, Wikimedia Commons- Roland Godefroy40. Jam Session: America’s Jazz Ambassadors Embrace the World
Collaboration Consider:•How can this workshop help your students’ performance in National History Day or jazz competitions?•Which objective(s) of this workshop will be the basis of your lesson?•What resources will be most helpful in your lesson planning?•How can you use jazz to enrich your students’ understanding of history?•How will the workshop help you teach Common Core College and Career Readiness standards?
Are You an ASU Affiliate?
Future Events!
• February 20- June 1- State of Deception: The Power of Nazi Propaganda exhibit by United States Holocaust Memorial Museum at Burton Barr Central Library (Phoenix)
• February 22- Monuments Men- “Movie and a Mixer” sponsored by the Arizona Council for History Education at Tempe Marketplace
• March 3- Educators’ Conference on the Holocaust sponsored by The Bureau of Jewish Education and The Phoenix Holocaust Survivors Association
• March 8- “Teaching About The Holocaust and Propaganda” educator workshop by United States Holocaust Memorial Museum at Burton Barr Central Library (Phoenix)
Future Jazz from A to Z Events!
March 5-6- Essentially Ellington FestivalMarch 7- Clayton-Hamilton Big Band, Ikeda Theatre
– Young People Concert, 11:45 am– Evening Concert, Pre-performance Talk-back (free for
participants who submit a lesson plan)
April 11 and 12- Dave Brubeck Concert and The Real Ambassadors- Live Stream from J@LC! JALC.org/live
April- JAM@MAC– NHD projects on display, 3rd floor MAC
April 23- Mesa Arts Center– Celebration of Westwood, Willis and New Horizons students
and teachers and ASU mentors– Free concert, U.S. Army Jazz Band
