the races of afghanistan (1880) by surgeon-major h. w. bellew

8/10/2019 The Races of Afghanistan (1880) by Surgeon-Major H. W. Bellew

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XJB

TKO B _ I KAGJKE C _ XKE

K DTCBA KOOIREX IA XJB ^TCEOC^KF EKXCIE_

CEJKDCXCEG XJKX OIREXTS

FKXB IE D^BOCKF ^IFCXCOKF HRXS X LKDRF

OKFORXXK

XJKOLBT _^CEL KEH

O I

FIEHIZ= XTR DEBT KE H OI

\ K f f

.cyjtr

rosbrubh ;


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O C O O ` K =

^DCJXBH

S

XBKILBT D^CEZ @

OI


3/122

^ T B A K O B

XJ ` ke f~ so rcp t a tjb aiffiwceg drcba koo iue t ia tj b

rko bs ia Kagjkecstke wks wrct tbe k t Lkduf air tjb

`ist pkrt katbr t fcb hutcbs ia tjb hk y wbrb ivbr keh k t

ih h cetbrvk fs ia fbcsu rb arice iaacockf duscebss wctj tfcb

vcbw ti cts trkes e~ csscie ti Begfkeh air pudfcoktcie

d u t akffceg cf f ks c t h rbw ti z ofisb ke h dbceg idfcgbh

ie tjk t kooiuet t fbkvb Lkduf air Cehck ie scol

fbkvb ` y purpisb oiufh eit db okrrcbh iut.

K eh eiw ie krrcvk f ce Cehck acehceg `ysbfa uekdfb

ti rbvcsb tj b tbxt i r befkrgb c t k s C sjiu fh wcsj ti hi

dy tj b cetrihuotcie ia ~ e u o ff usbauf ke h cetbrbst ceg

` kttb r wjcoj c s kvkcfkdfb C jkvb tji ug jt c t khvcskdfb

t i drceg tj b wirl ti tjb eitcob ia tjb pudf co wctjiut

aurtj br hbfky rk tj br tjke cehbacectbfy pistpieb c ts

kppbkrkeob ti ke ueobrtkce auturb. K eh fclbwcsb

auffy sbescdfb ks

C

k` ia t f ~ b eoie~pfb tbebssia tjb

wirl keh cts sjirtoi`cegs stcff k s bvb ets kr b prigrbss-

ceg wct;; rkpch strchbs ce tjb oiuetry wct;; wjisb

pbipfbs c t hbkfs keh c t cs ia c`pirtkeob tjk t tj b

sud mbot sfciufh db bkrfy driugfct ti tj b eitcob ia tjb

tjcel ceg pudfco fckvb hbb`bh ct prbabrkdfb ti fbt

tj b diil gi airt;; ce ct s ceoi`pfbtbebss ce tjb jipb

t f ~ e t t `ky hcrbot kt tbetcie keh aurtjbr bequcry eh


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^TBAKOB

rbsbkroj ceti tj b ektciukf pboufckrctcbs ia tj b sbv brk f

rkobs trbktbh ia sceob

C

dbfcbvb tjkt air tjb pbkob k e h

sbourc ty ia i u r Cehcke B`pcrb tjby `ust brb v br y

fieg db beriffbh k` ieg tjb f cs t ia c ts vkrcius su dm bo ts


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O I E X B E X _

OJK^XBT

C

OJK^XBT

;;

X J B KAGJKE

OJK^XBT ;;;

JC_XITS

I A XJB

KAGJKE_

OJK^XBT CQ

DDCXC_JTBF XCIE_ WCXJ KAGJKEC_XKE

OJK^XBT

Q

_JBD KFC

OJK^XBT QC

XJB ^KXJKE

OJK^XBT QCC

OJK^XBT QCCC

OBK^XBT

CZ

XJB LJKXXKL

OJK^XBT Z

XJB HKHCOB

OJK^XBT Z C

XJB G J C ~

OJK^XBT ZCC

XJB XKMCL

OCCK^XBT ZCCC

Xero

CCkzkekJ


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7/122

X J B T K O B _

K A G J K E C _ X K E .

OJK^XBT C

CEXTIHROXITS

Eiw

tj k t iur kr`cbs krb ce pissbsscie ia L keh kjk r k e h

Lkduf-tjb bkrfcbr ke h fktb r okpctkfs rbspbotcvbfy ia tj b

fkpsbh Hurrkec B`pcrb keh

ks

rbgkrhs tjb fkt tbr tjb sbkt

ia givbre`bet ia tj b suoobbhceg Hu rrkec Tufws tj kt cs ti

sky tjb okpctkfs ia tjb _khhizkc _jk js ke h D krklzkc Krecrs-

tj b qubstcie krcsbs wj kt krb wb ti hi w c tj tjb oiuetry

jbrbtiairb givbrebh ari` tjbsb sbkts ia kutji rcty ke h fkttb rfy

c e tj b pissbsscie ia tjb T ufbr sbktbh k t L kduf.

Xjb qubstcie cs ieb wjcoj `ust dbairb vbry Cieg

db

kesw brbh d y tj b figco ia kooi`pfcsjbh akots oiesbqubet i e

tjb stbre hb`kehs ia ebobsscty `irb tjke ia `brb pifcoy.

A i r jkvceg ks wb jkv b eiw hieb oi`pfbtbfy hbstriybh tj b

ku tji rc ty ke h givbre` bet ia tjb tyrketfius krch trbkojbrius

H urr ke c Tufbrs wjisb piwbr ct jk s dbbe iur pifcoy ti `kce-

tk ce keh s t rbegtjbe hur ceg tjb pks t qu kr tbr ia k obe tury c t

cs eiw ceorbhcdfb tjkt wb sjbff hbfcdbrktbfy kdkehie tjb

vke tkgb griueh gkcebh cgeirb tj b grbk t hkegbr wb jkvb eiw

tjbrb dy stkvbh iaa keh fbkvb tjb oiu etry k prby

t i

ce tbrekf

kekrojy ke h k prczb t i tjb a crst bxtbrekf khvbeturbr .

Ct

cs

bqu kffy ceoi`prbjbescdfb tj k t wb sjiufh kgkce oi``ct tjb

aiffy ia rbsti rceg tj b hbstriybh g ivbre` bet ia tj b K`crs-


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;

CEXTIHROXCIE

ia rufbrs wji jkvb suoobsscvbfy privbh tjb`sbfvbs akctj fbss

ti tjbcr begkgb`bets trbkojbrius ce tjbcr hbkfcegs k e h

jistc fb ce tjbcr oiehuot tiwkrhs tjb Drct csj Givbre`bet.

Xj b itjbr kf tbrektcvb cs ti kh` cecstbr tjb oiuetry iursbfvbs

bctjbr hcrbotfy ir tjriugj tj b `bhcu` ia ektcvb kgbeoy ue h b r

iu r iw e supbrvcscie. Krch

ce

tjb dbfcba tj kt tj cs c s tj b rbs-

piescdcfc ty wjcoj wb ` ust siiebr ir fktbr tkl b upie iu r-

sbfvbs vbetu rb ti iaabr ti tj b eitcob ia tj b pudfco tj b

aiffiwceg drcba kooiuet ia tjb prceocfdkf ektcies cejkdctceg

Kagjkecstke dy wky ia k s`kff oietrcdutcie tiwkrhs pri-

pbr fy uehbrs tkehceg tjbc r sbvbrkf t r cdbs keh tjbc r h cv brsb

ektciekf cetbrbsts keh pifctcokf tbehbeocbs.

X jb pifctcokf `bksurbs cect cktb h k t _c` fk dbairb iur kvbe g-

ceg kr` y orissbh tjb dirhbr i e c ts r cgjtbius brrkeh ke h w jcoj

driugjt tjb Hurrkec K` cr ce ti tjb Dr ct csj ok`p kuh pfkobh

jcs okpctkf ce tjb jkeh s ia tj b Drctcsj Gbebrkf-keh tjcs w ctj-

i u t ippisctcie air tjb hb` iestrr~ tcie khb k t Ojkrksyk ie

tj b 1 tj Iotidbr dy k jkstcfy oiffbotbh rkddfb cs ei t ti db sbrc-

iusfy oieschbrbh c e tj b fc g j t ia k e baairt t i hbabuh tjb octy-

p u t us ce pissbsscie w ctji ut sbrcius rbscstkeob ia ei t iefy tj b

pbrsie ia tj b K` cr du t ia jcs vks t stirbs ia ` cfctkr y `ue ctcies

-gues dy tjb jue hrbh rcafbs dy tj b tjiuskeh okrtrchgbs d y

tjb `cffcie keh piwhbr dy tjb tie. C e akot d y iur ueippisbh

`kroj

ti

Lfrduf wb lei olbh hiwe w jk t wb jkh ducft up--tjb

piwbr ia tjb K` cr ivbr k oiesifchktbh lceg hi` < ke h w b

hbstriybh w jk t wb jkh jbfpbh ti orbktb-vkst stirbs ia w k r

`ktbrckf.

Keh kf f tjcs ei t k `i` bet tii siie. Ai r wb eiw le iw

air

k

obrtkcety w jk t wks i efy suspbotbh dbairb tj k t tj b ieb

wks eu rturbh c e tj b hbbpbst trbkojbry ti jcs pudfcofy pfbhgbh

kffckeob ke h ar cbehsjcp ke h tj k t tjb itjbr wks hcfcgbetfy

ceorbksbh ari` hky t i h ky air tjb ip pi rtu c~ cty i db bxpbehbh

kgkcest us. D ut c t cs ei t ` y idmbot c e tjbsb pkgbs ti hcs-

ouss tj cs sudmbot eir yb t tj b oiehu ot ia iur ipbrktcies ce

Kagjkecstke.

Xjbsb tipcos oke db ` irb oi evbecbe tfy keh


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CEXTIHROXCIE

khvketkgbiusfy hbkft w ctj jbrbkatbr wjb e tjb jcstiry ia

tjb prbsbet keh prbobhceg ok`pkcges ce tjcs oiuetry oi`bs

t i db w rcttb e ks tjb acekf cssub ia k qu krtb r ia k obetu ry ia

pifctcokf rbfktcicfs wctj tj b Hu rrke c rufbrs ia Kagjkecstke.

t cs ìrb ti iur prbsbet purpisb ti oieschbr wji tjb

pbipfb krb wctj wji` uehbr tj b oi`prbfcbescvb tbr` Kagjke

wb krb eiw driugjt ceti hcrbot oietkot ke h wji` c t wcf f brb

vbry fieg db iur cebvctkdfb huty ti givbre

s

sudmbodq ia iur

Ceh cke B` pcrb. Ia tjb ebobsscty ia tjcs cssub ia iur pkst

ke h prbsbet hbkfcegs wc tj tj cs oiuetry tjbrb cs ei fiegbr k e y

khvketkgb ce df celceg tjb oievcotcie. Keh tjb siiebr w b

hbofkrb iur wcff tj b ìrb p ri` ptfy wcff tj b pbipfb koobpt

tjb sctuktcie keh kooi`ìhktb tjb`sbfvbs ti tfcb ebw rbgc`b

ia Drctcsj rufb mustcob keh pritbotcie.

C e tjb oi`pisctcie ia tj b Kagjke ektcie tjbrb krb ` ke y

oiehctcies akviurkdfb ke h khvketkgbius ti tjb pbkobkdfb k e h

sbou rb bstkdfcsff`bet ia iur rufb ca w b iefy sbt kdi ut tj b

w ir l w ctj bkrebst ke h cetbf fcgbet purpisb.

eh

tjb ofub

kpprbocktcie ia tjbsb oiehctcies wcff db tjb oruockf tbs t ia

i u r suoobss ir ak cfurb.

Ks k e k ch tiwkrhs krr cv ceg k t k oirrbot muh pbet ie tj cs

kf f- c`p irtket qubstcie k e bequcry cet i tjb ircgce ke h btjeco

kaacf~ ctcbs ia t j b vkrcius pbipfbs oi`pisceg tj b oi`pfbx

Kagjke ektciekfcty-kpkrt ari` tj b cejb rbet cetbrbst ia tjb

sudmbot c tsbfa-`ky pbrjkps k t tj b prbsbet mueoturb privb

usbauf . Xj b bequcry wcff k t tj b sk`b t c` b ` klb ofbkr ti t j b

rbkhbr tjb prc`b okusbs ia tjb kekro jy ke h cestkdcf c ty wjcoj

jk vb ojkrkotbrczbh tj b jcstiry ia tfcb o iue try bvbr sceob c t

b`brgbh ari` k pisctcie ia sudirhcektcie ti ct s ebcgjdiurceg

b`pcrbs ie tj b schb ia ^brsck ke h Ce hc k rbspbotcvbfy ti ieb ia

kdsifutb cehbpb ehbe ob ue hbr e ktc vb sivbrbcges-okusbs wj coj

iwb tjbcr ircgce ti tjb hcvbrsc ty ia rkob ke h tjb ketkgiecs`

ia trcd kf cetb rbs ts kìeg k jbtbrigbebius ke h dkrdkrius

pbipfb wji jkvb dbbe iefy driugjt tigbtjbr ks k ektciekfc ty

d y tj b koochbet ia pisctcie ke h tj b di eh ia k oi`ìe rbfcgcie.


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;4 CEXTIHROXCIE

Dbairb betbrceg upie tjcs bequcry,

ct

cs ebobsskry t i prbh

`csb-fbss k s k j ce t ti tj b okptcius orctco tjk e

s

k e kpifi,ky

t i tjb bkrebst stuhbet-tjkt tjb wirl jks dbbe w rct tbe ai r

tj b ìst pk rt ari` `b` iry k t ihh cetbrvkfs ia fbcsurb

ari` iaacockf hutcbs hurceg tjb oiursb ia tjb prbsbet ok`pkcge

c e Lkduf, keh , w ctj tjb bxobptcie ia si`b eitb-diil `bì-

rkehk wjcoj jkppbebh ti jkvb k t jkeh, wc tjiut tcf `bkes

ia rbabrbeob ti kutffirctcbs air hk tbs be h hbtkcfs. X jb kooiu et

cs, tjbrbairb, ebobsskrcfy ia k drcb a keh su``kry ek turb d u t

suoj s c t cs, jiwbvbr, t ru st tj k t c t wcff db aiueh ti b`dihy

su 2 o cb e t ceair`ktcie-ùoj ia wjcoj cs betcrbfy ebw, keh,

si akr k s k` kwkrb, eiw air tj b acrst tc`b pudfcsjbh, dbceg

tj b rbsuft ia pbrsiekf bequcrcbs k e h rbsbkroj hu rce g sbvbrkf

ybkrs' sbrvcob ie tj b K agj ke Arietcbr-ti bekdfb tj b gbebrk f

rbkhbr ti uehbrstkeh tj b ` utu kf rbfkt cies tiwkrhs bkoj itjb r

ke h tiw krh s iursbfvbs ia tj b sbvb rkf hcstce ot pbipfbs oi`-

prcsbh c e w jk t c s leiwe t i us s tj b Kagjke e ktciekfcty.

A i r tj b purpisbs ia tjcs beq ucry c t wcff suaacob ti oieschbr

ks Kagjkecstke kf f tj kt rbgcie wjcoj cs diuehbh ie .tjb ei rtj

dy tjb Ixus, ke h ie tjb siutj dy Dkfiojcs tke e tjb bks t

d y tjb `chhfb oiursb ia tj b Cehus, keh ie t jb wbst d y tj b

hbsbrt ia ^brsck. Xj b cejk dctk ets ia tj b krbk tjus hbacebh

krb eit k uectbh ektcie ia tjb sk`b stiol ke h f cebkgb eir

hi tjb y pissbss tj b sk`b pifct cokf cetbrbsts ke h tr cdkf k -

ectcbs. Ie tj b oietrkry, tj b y oiescst ia hcaabrbet rkobs, k e h

hcvbrsb ektciekfctcbs, wct r cvkf cetbrbsts keh ketkgiecst co

k` jctcies ks tiwkrhs bkoj itjbr.

Xj b iefy oi`ìe dieh ia uecie kìeg tjb` cs tj k t ia

rbf cgcie, ke h ti tjcs tjb cr hbvitcie cs ia k akektco lceh, iw ceg

t i tj b dfcehebss ia tjbcr cgeirkeob keh tjb gbebrkf dkrdkrcs`

ia tjbcr siockf oiehctcie. t c s k hbvitcik, tii, wjcoj j k s

dbbe aistbrbh ke h stcù fktbh ce ei s`kff hbgrbb-tjiugj e i t

kfw kys w ctj uecair` bkrebstebss ia rbspiesb-tjriugj t j b

prcbstjiih dy tjb pbrscstbet keh hbtbr`cebh baairts ia tjb

hq ` ceke t rkob,-ia tj b Hurrkec,--wji jk s iwbh tjb oie tceu keo b


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CEXTIHROXCIE ;?

ia jcs kutjirc ty keh piwbr ti i ur oiescstbet supp irt ce rbt ur e

air k pfbhgbh arcbehsjcp wjcoj j k k t fkst dbbe hcsoivbrbh ti

tj b wirfh ks akfsb ke h trbkojbrius ari` dbgceeceg ti beh.

X j b oijbscie, jiwbvbr, wj coj tj b s bvbrkf hcs tceo t rkobs

hbrcvb ari` tj b ceafubeob ia k oi`ìe rbfcgcie cs ei t vb ry

stri eg ei r v bry hurkdfb, iwceg ti t j b ofksscacoktcie, si`bw jkt

uebqukf tjiugj c t db, ia tjb pbipfb uehbr tjb twi grbk t ke h

jistcfb sbots ce ti wjcoj tjb ojuroj ia @ujk``kh, lei we

d y tj b tbr` fsfk` (wjbeob @usfc`, pfurk f @usfc`ce, vuf i

@uskf`je, tj b ek` b air cts priabssirs), cs hcvchbh. C e it jb r

wirhs, iwceg ti tjbcr hcvcscie ce ti tjb irtjihix _u ee c ke h

t j b jbtbrihix _ jck. _i grbk t ke h si crrboieocfkdfb krb

t j b mbkfiuscbs k e h kecìsctcbs ia tjbsb tw i rcvkf sbots, t j k t

tj by hbstriy, t i k oieschbrkdfb bxtbe t , tjb strbe gtj itjbrwcsb

hbrcvkdfb ari` tjb priabsscie ia k oo`roie rbfcgcie. K e h

tj u s c t cs wb aceh tj k t tjb rbf cgcius bfb`bet kfieb akc fs oi`-

pfbtbfy ti hi`cektb tjb hcvbrgbeocbs ia rkob cest ceots keh

trc dk f cetbrbsts.

X i tj b ipbrktcie ia tjbsb okusbs oi`dcebh cs ti db kt trc -

du tbh tj b akot t j k t tj b Kagjke ektciekfc ty rb`kces k hcs-

ue ctb h kggfi`brktcie ia hcaabrbet rkobs, wjcoj kr b iefy fiisbfy

jbfh tigbtjbr, si fieg

s

ieb ir i tjbr ia tjb`, prippbh dy

bxtbr ekf kf fckeob ke h suppirt , cs `kcetkcebh ce k pisct cie ia

hi`cekeob ks tjb ruf ceg rkob . A i r tjb fks t juehrbh keh tj c r t y

ybkrs, ìrb ir fbss, tjcs hi`ceket pisctcie jks dbbe jbfh

d y tj b Kagjke, ir, ks jb cs gbebrkffy s ty fbh ce rbabrbeob t i

jcs dbceg ia tjb rufceg rkob, tjb Hurrk ec keh c t cs ari` jc`

tj k t t j b oi`pfbx e ktciekfc ty, ks wbff ks tjb oiuetry c tsbfa,

jkv b rbobcvbh tjbcr ek`bs-Kagjke ke h Kagjke cstke.

X jb prceocpkf ektciekfctcbs w jcoj tigbtj br oi`pisb tj b

cejk dctke ts ia Kagjkecstke, krb tj b Kagjke, tjb ^ktjrce, tj b

Gjcfzkc, tjb Xtcm cl, ke h tj b Jkzkrkj. Xj brb krb dbschbs tjb

fbssbr ektciekfctcbs ia tj b Oj jr Ky`Ko ie tj b wbstbre arie tcbrs

kdiut Jbrk t , tjb Rzdkl ie tj b siutjbre dke l ia tjb Ixus,

ke h tjb Lkacr ie tjb siutjbre sfipbs ia J ceh u Lusj. Xjbsb,


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8

CEXTIHROXCIE

jiwbvbr bxbrocsb fcttfb

c

key ceafubeob ce tjb kaakcrs ia

tjb

oiuetry ks k wjifb keh ebbh eit eiw begkgb iur kttbetcie.

Fb t us priobbh ti eitcob s drcbafy s pisscdfb bkoj

i

tjb acrst

sbt

c e

ture.


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OJK^XBT ;;

XJ KAGJKE

X J B trkhctcies ia tjcs pbipfb rbabr tjb` ti _y rck s t jb

oiu etry ia tjbcr rbschbeob k t tjb t c`b tj by wbrb okrrcbh kwky

ce ti okptcvc ty dy Du lj tuek skr (Ebduojkhebzzkr) , keh pfketbh

k s oifiecsts ce hcaabrbet pkrts ia ^brsck k e h @bhck. ^r i`

tjbsb pisctcies tjb y, k t si`b sudsbqubet pbrcih, b` cgrktbh

bkstwkrh cet i tjb ìuetkceius oiu etry ia Gjir, wjbrb tjb y

wbrb okffbh d y tj b ebcgfcdiurceg pbipfbs Dk ec Kagjke k e h

Dk ec Csrkcf, ir oj cfhrbe ia Kagj ke ke h ojcfhrbe ia Csrkb f

C e oirridirktcie ia tj cs wb jkvb tj b tbstcì ey ia tj b pri-

pjbt-Bshrks ti t jb baabot tj k t tjb tbe trcdbs ia Csrkbf, wji

wbrb okrrcbh ceti okptcvcty, sudsbqubetfy bsokpbh ke h aiueh

rbaugb ce tjb oiuetry ia ~ r s k r b ' t j ,wjcoj cs suppisbh ti db

chbetcokf w ctj tjb Jkzkrkff oiuetry ia tjb prbsbet hky, keh

ia wjcoj Gj ir air`s k pkrt. C t cs kfsi stktbtf ce tjb Xkdk-

ok tc Ekscrc-k jcstircokf wi rl wj coj oietkces, kìeg it jb r

ceair` ktcie, k hbtkcfbh kooiu et ia t j b oiequbst ia tj cs oiue-

t r y dy Ojkegjcz Ljke-tjkt c e tjb t c`b ia tjb ekt cvb

_jkeskdc hyek sty tjbrb wks k pbipfb okffbh Dke c Csrkc f f cvceg

c e tj kt oiu etry, krch tj k t si`b ia tjb` wbrb bxtbescvbfy

begkgbh c e trk hb w ctj tj b oiuetrcbs kriueh.

Xj cs pbipfb wks sbttfbh ce tj b Gjir oiuetry , ti tj b bkst ia

Jbrkt , k t tjb t c`b tj kt @ujk``kh keeiueobh jcs `csscie

s

tj b ^ri pj bt ia Gih-kdiut

14?

K

H.

Keh c t wks t jb rb

t j k t Ljkfch-dce-Wkfch, k ojcba ia tj b Ourbsj trcd b ia Krkds,

ok`b ti tjb` wctj tjb t chcegs

ia

tjb edw ak c tj , keh ke

cevctkt cie ti mice tj b ^ripjbt's s tkehkrh. X jb brrkeh ia

tj cs K rkd kpistfb wiufh kpp krbe tfy su ppirt tjb vcbw jbfh


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;1

XJB

TKOB_ IA

KAGJKEC_XKE

dy si`b t j k t tjb Kagjke pbipfb wbrb ircgcekffy ia k e K rkd

tr cdb , keh jkh f celbh tjb c r air tuebs w c tj tjb Csrkbf ctbs ce

_y rck, ke h sjkrbh tjb fit ia tjb tbe tr cdbs wjcoj wbrb okrrcbh

kw ky ceti okpt cvc ty . Db tj cs ks c t `ky, tj b `csscie ia

Ljkfch wks eit w ctjiu t suoobss, air jb rbturebh ti tj b ^ ri -

pjb t, kooi`pkecbh d y k hbpu tktcie ia scx ir sbvbe rbprbsbet-

ktcv b `be ia tj b Kagjke pbipfb keh tjb cr aiffiwbrs

k` iue tceg ce kff ti sbvbety-scx pbrsies. Xj b ojcba ir fbkhb r

ia tjcs pkrty w s ek`bh Lkcs ir Lcsj.

Xj b trkhctcies ia tjb pbipfb gi ie t i tjb baabot tj k t tjc s

Lk cs ke h jcs oi`pkecies ai ugj t si wbff ke h suoobssauffy c e

tjb okusb ia tjb ^ripjbt , tj kt @ujk``kh, ie hcs`cssceg

tjb` ti tjbcr ji`bs, prbsbetbh tjb` w ctj jkehsi`b gcats ,

oi`pfc`betbh tjb` ie tjbcr drkvbry, ke h gcvceg tjb` j cs

dfbssceg airbtifh

gfircius okrbbr air tjbcr ektcie, ke h pri-

`csbh tj kt tjb t c t fb ia @ kfcl (ir lce g) sjiu fh hcstcegucsj

tjbcr ojcbas air bvbr. (X jb tbr ` @kfcl, c t ` ky db jbrb

eitbh, cs kpp krbe tfy pboufckr ti tj b Kagjke ektciekfc ty. K t

tjb prbsbet hk y c t cs tjb t c t fb ia tj b fiwbst grkhb ia eidcf c ty

kìffg t j b Kagjke, tj b ^ktjDe, ke h tj b Gjcfzkc,-tjkt cs t i

sky, tj b ûfrj ti-spbklceg rkobs. K ` ie g tj b ^brscke-spbkl-

ceg rkobs, tj b oirrbspiehceg tbr` cs Lkfccetkr kìe g tjb

,

Xjmcl, keh @cjtkr kìrcg tjb Jkzkrkj, ke h Koskocf kì eg

tjb X u rl tr cdbs ia Dkflj. C e bkoj oksb tj b tbr` scgecacbs

oj cb a ir bfhbr. )

K t tjb sk`b tc`b tjb ripjb t , k s k ` kr l

ia spbockf akviur ke h hcstceotcie , wks pfbksbh ti ojkegb t j b

Jb drbw ek`b ia Lk cs ti tj b Krk d ieb ia Kd hur Tksjch-

jb sbrvke t ia tj b trub guch b -keh, bxj irtceg jc` ti st rcv b

ce tjb oievbrscie ia j cs pbipfb, oieabrrbh ie jc ` tj b tctf b ia

^kjtDe, -k tbr` wjcoj tj b Kagjke diil-` klbrs bx pfk ce

ti db k _y rcke wirh scgecayceg t jb ru hhb r ia k sjcp, ks t j b

ebw prisbfytb wks jbeobairtj t i db tj b guch b ia jcs pbip fb

ce tj b wk y tj by sjiufh gi.

Ai r obeturcbs katbr tjcs pbrcih tjb jcstiry ia tjb Kagjk es

ks k hcstceot pbipfb cs cevifvbh ce ùoj idsourcty, ke h

t


15/122

X

KAGJKE

7

wiufh sbb` tj k t

ct

wks ie fy si`b tj rbb

ir

aiir juehrbh

ybk rs kgi tj k t tjb cr prcbsts dbgku oieoiotceg gbebkfigcbs ke h

f~cs ti r cbs i gcvb air` k eh oijbscie ti tjb vbry `cxbh ektcie-

k f c ty wjcoj jkh k t kdiut tj k t t c`b griwe ce ti bxcstbeob ks

rbsuft ia tj b pifctcokf oievufbcies k e h hy eks tco rbvifutcies

wjcoj hurce g prbobhceg obeturcbs jeh mu`dfbh up tigbtjbr

wc tj ce tjb k rbk ia tjb oiuet ry eiw leiw e

s

Kagjkecstke

k

vkr cbty ia hcaabrbet rkobs si`b ia wjcoj

wbrb

ircgcukf

i r bkrfy iooupkets ke h itjbrs ebw-oi`brs.

K t wjkt pbrcih tj b Kagjkes ia G jir `ivbh airwkrh ke h

sbt tfbh ce tj b Lke hkjkr oiuetry wjcoj cs eiw tjbcr ji`b

cs

u ~ teiwe. Ct eppbkrs jiwbvbr ari` tj b wrctceg s ia tj b

bkrfy @ujk` `khke jcstirckes tj k t ce tjb acrst obetury ia tjbcr

brk-tjb sbvbetj -bcgj tj ia iurs-tjb privceo b ia _ cs tk e

`ks

iooupcbh

y

k e Crchcke pbipfb. K t tjk t t c`b tjb tbrr c tirckf

bx tbe t ia _cstke wks vbry `uoj wchbr tjke tjb rbs t r co tbh

fct tfb privceob ia tj b p rbsbet hky. K t

Ojkt tc`b _cstke ir

_kmcstke ks c t cs wrct tbe ce ektcv b diils oi`prcsbh

kff

t j b

oiue try ari` tjb jbkh wktbrs ia tj b Xkrek l keh Krgjkske

rcvbrs ke h tjb Xidk rkegb ia jcf fs ie t jb bkst ti tj b E cj

DkehFe rkeg b ia jcffs k e h H ksj tc Ecu` `bh-H bsbrt ia

Hbspkcr--ie tj b wbst ari` t j b vkffbys ia tjb Jbf`keh ke h

Krgjkehccd r cvbrs ie tjb eir tj ti tjb Ljimk K ` r j rkegb

ke h tj b Dkfiojcstke hbsb rt ie tj b siutj.

Ct oi`prcsbh ce

akot t jb Hrkegckek ke h Krkoj1sck ia tjb Grbbl wrctbrs . Xj b

air`br w ks katbrw krhs okffbh _cmcstke katbr tjb _ kl k _oytjckes

wji iooupcbh c t kdiut t jb a crst obetury ia iur brk ke h tj b

fkt tbr wks okffbh GkehjFr katbr tj b Ce hck e Gk ehj crk wji c t

sbb`s ivbrpiwbrbh k lceh rbh pbipfb c e p rcir pissbsscie si`

tc` b katb r t j b Grbbfo oiequbst.

W ji tjb Cehcke pbipfb iooupyceg tj cs oiuetry k t tjb t c`b

ia t jc s Krkd cevkscie w brb wcff db `betciebtf prbsbetfy du t c t

sbb`s ofbkr tj by wbrb ei t tj b iefy cejkd ctkets tjbrbia d u t

sjkrbh c t wc tj tj b ektcvb ^brs cke keh itjbr c``cgrket t r cdbs

ia _oytjco ircgce. Ai r tj b privceob ctsbfa hbrcvbh cts ek`b


16/122

: XJB DKOB_

I

KAGJKEC_XKE

ia _jlcstce, _kgcstke, _kmcsGe,

st t e

ari` tjb _kclk,

wj

wbrb pridkdfy t jb sk`b pbipfb ks tj b _Dlrc JO `uv krgk ` be -

tciebh ce tjb tkdfbs ia Hkrcus (sbb Tkwfcesie s J bri hi tus )

- _cclcc hwbffbrs ie tjb Jrc`tc ir K`G, wjcoj j y ari `

tjb bkrf cbst t c`bs dbbe tj b ek` b ia tj b fiwbr oiursb ia

tjb Ixus r cvb r < tjb fk t tbr tbr` dbceg tj b Grbbl air`

ia

Wkljsj , wjcoj c s tjb ek`b ia tjb R pp br Ixus kdivb t j b

picet wjbrb

ct

cs micebh dy tjb ^kemkj.

C t cs pridkdfb tjk t , ce tj b oiursb ia tj b rbpbktbh ` cfc tkry

bxpbhct cies okrrcbh dy tjb Krkds ari` tjb schb ia ^brsck

kgkcest _ceh, k vkrcb ty ia ebw rkobs wbrb driugjt cet i t j b

oiuetry air`ceg tjb siutjbre p krt ia tjb prbsbet Kagjkecs-

tke, c e h tj kt bxtbescvb ojkegbs ioourrbh ce tj b prbvciusfy

bxcst ceg fiokf hcstr cdutcie ia tjb cejkdctkets . C e tj b dbgce-

ece g ia tjb tb et j ob etu ry ia iur brk, tj b oi ue try ia ]rcduf-

c s t c e (tj b ifh ek`b ia tj b siutj bre jkfa ia Kagjkecstke, ks

L cdu f cs t ce wks ia c t s eir tjbre jkfa ) wks cejkdctbh dy k vkr cb ty

ia rkobs spbklceg hcaabrbet fkegukgbs, k e h bvbe k t tj kt t c` b

tjb Krkd w rctbrs w brb puzzfbh ks t i tjb cr ircgce keh chbetcac-

ok t cie

Xjcs dbceg si, wb ` ky oieofuhb tj kt tj b Kagjkes wj be

tjby khvkeobh ce ti Lkehkjkr , wjcoj tj by hch c e k f f pridk-

dcf c ty ks `cf c tkry oifiecsts uehbr tj b stkeh krh ia tjb K rkd

Ljtcfca, k t acrst jbfh tj bcr iw e d y airob ia kr`s, d u t grkh ukffy

dbceg ce tjb `ceirc ty k s ti eu`dbrs, dfbehbh w ctj tj b oie-

qubrbh pbipfb, ke h dbok`b kdsirdbh ce tj b gbebrkf pipufktcie

ia tjb oiuetry. Ks oiequbrirs, jiwbvbr, tj by rbtkcebh tjb cr

iwe ektciekf t c tfb , w jcoj ce t c` b dbok`b tj kt ia tj b oie-

qubrbh pbipfb w ctj wji`, d y cetbr`krrckgb, tj by chbetcacbh

tjb`sbfvbs. Xj cs vcbw cs supp irtbh dy tj b bvchbeob kaairhbh

dy tjbcr gbebkfigcokf tkdfbs, wjcoj, ct kppbkrs, wbrb iefy

oieoiotbh fieg obeturcbs katbr t jb K rk d oiequbst ia tj b

oiuetry, ke h tj b oievbrscie ia c ts jbtbrigbebius pipufktcie t

tjb ebw akc tj wjcoj si rkpchfy sprbkh ivbr ke h ojkegbh tj b

akob ia Ksck


17/122

XJB

KAGJKE 3

Xjb acotcies ia tjb Kagjke gbebkfigcsts keh jcstirckes krb

kdsurh beiugj keh tjbcr akots wiehbrauffy hcstirtbh< dut air

tjb. okrbauf bequcrbr tjby jkvb tjbcr vkfub ks guchbs ti k rcgjt

oieofuscie. Xjus ari` tjb Lkcs kdivb-`betciebh wjisb

iwe trcdb wks ircgcekffy dut ke cescgecacoket pbipfb ks ti

eu`dbrs keh piwbr tjb Kagjke gbebkfigcsts hbrcvb kff tjb

^uljti-spbklceg pbipfbs ia Kagjkecstke pkrtfy dy hcrbot

hbsobet keh pkrtfy dy khiptcie ie kooiuet ia k sc`cfkrcty ia

fkegukgb keh siockf pifcty.

Lkcs tjby sky `krrcbh k hkugjtbr ia tjkt Ljkfch-dce-Wkfch

wji driugjt jcs pbipfb tjb acrst tchcegs ia tjb ^ripjbt keh jcs

hiotrceb keh dy jbr jb jkh tjrbb sies wji` jb ek`bh rbs-

pbotcvbfy _krkdke Dktke keh Gjurgjusjt. Xjbsb ek`bs krb

ia tjb`sbfvbs vbry rb`krlkdfb keh kt ieob kaairh k ofub ti

tjb oi`pisctcie ia tjb ektcie ari` ke btjeco picet ia vcbw

s

wcff db sbbe ce tjb aurtjbr oiursb ia tjcs trbktcsb.

Xjb Kagjkes ripbr-tjb Dkec Csrkcf ks tjby okff tjb`sbfvbs

ce spbockf hcstceotcie ti k;; itjbr hcvcscies ia tjb ektcie--ofkss

tjb`sbfvbs s tjb hbsobehkets ia _krkdke tjriugj jcs

twi sies _jk yace keh LjrcsjyGe.

Ari` _jk yace tjbrb

kprueg acvb ofkes tjb prceocpkf ia wjcoj cs okffbh _jbir8ec.

Ari` LjrcsjyGe tjbrb sprueg tjrbb ofkes ek`bfy Lkeh

]k`keh keh COkesc. Xjb Lkeh wks hcvchbh ceti tjb Ljkljc

keh Gjirc keh ceofuhbh tjb @kehker keh SGsuazkc ofkes.

Xjby krb kff eiw sbttfbh ce tjb ^bsjkwkr vkffby.

Xjb ]K@KEHbrb ircgcekffy sbttfbh ie tjb fiwbr oiursb ia

tjb Krgjks_e rcvbr keh ce ^bsjce ir Aisjkeg s ct wks k t

tjkt tc`b-:-3

J.

ir 1?> K. H.--okffbh. Xjby wbrb sudsb-

qubetfy iustbh dy tjb Xkrce trctb ia Kagjkes keh b`cgrktbh

ti @uftke ce fkrgb eu`dbrs. Dut tjbcr ojcba ofke okffbh

LjGsjgc ir Ljusjgkrc b`cgrktbh dy wky ia Gjkzec keh LG

duf ti tfcb Gjirdkeh keh khmiceceg vkffbys ia Jcehu Lusj keh

sbttfbh tjbrb. C e tjb tc`b ia tjb B`pbrir Dkdur `ist ia

tjb` kooi`pkecbh jcs kr`cbs ceti Cehck keh tjbrb aiuehbh

rcbttfb`bet k t LkkGr ebkr Fkjirb. _i`b ia tjb` rb`kcebh ce


18/122

ZC

XJ

TKOB_ I KA[JKEC_XKC9.

tj b ^ b sj k ` r vkffby, wjbrb tjb vcf fkgb ia Ljwbsjgc ` kr l s

tjb cr prceocpkf sbtt fb`bet. Xjbrb krb st c f f ` key ia t jb ofke

ce Gjirdkeh ke h Li jcs tke ia Lkduf , wjbrb t j by

krb

eiw

leiw e d y tj b ek`b ia L jfcsjljrc ir Lrcojlcrf.

X j b LKE ~ Ckr fy b`cgrktbh ti Jceh ustke keh tjb H bll ke,

keh k rb ei t eiw leiwe ce Kagjkecs tke, tjiugj dy ` ` b ' tj b

_jcew&x-ckrb supp sbh t i dbfieg ti tj cs hcvcscie.

Xjbsb sbvbrkf trcdbs krb hcvchbh ceti eu` dbr ia ofkes

ke h sud-trcdbs, tj b ek`bs ia ` key ia wjcoj kr b hcs tceo tfy

ia Ce hc ke ircgce. X jb spbockf Kag jke trcdb, jiwbvbr, cs okffbh

Kdhhc k e h cs ìrb oi`ìefy le iw e sceob tj b tc`b ia Kj ` kh

_jkj-tjb acrst cehbp beh bet sivbrbcge ia Kagjkecstke ia tj cs

rkob-dy tj b ek` b Hurrkec . Xj b Hu rrkec oi`prcsb tj b

aiffiwceg ojcba hcvcscies ir ofkes, ek` bfy, _khhizkc, îp ufzkc,

DDrklzkc, Jkfklizkc, Kojklzkc, EGrzkc, Cs jfozkc, k e h L j cg -

wjec. 'C'jbcr ji`b k e h acxbh sbkt cs L keh kj kr privceob-tjb

air`br oiu etry ia tj b Oakehjjrk, wji, k t k e b krfy pbrcih sa

iur brk, sprbkh ceti tjb prbsbet Jkzkrkj oiu etry kfieg tj b

oiursbs ia tj b Jb f`k eh k e h Krgjkeh^d rcvbrs. @b` dbrs

ia bkoj ofke, jiw bvbr, kr b aiueh ce s` kff siocbtcbs sok ttbrb h

kf f ivbr tj b pfk ce oiuetry

u p ti Lkd uf keh Mk fk fkdkh, keh

tjby krb tjbrb sb t tfbh ìstfy

ks firhs ia tj b sicf ir `cf c tkry

abiaabbs, tj b pbipfi ia tj b oi ue try, si akr s oieobres tj b kgrc-

oufturkf oi` ùecty, dbceg tjb cr tbek ets ir sbras.

X j b _ HHI] Cfke aurecsjbh tjb a crst cehbpbehbe t _jkjs,

ir lcegs, ia tj b H urr ke c hye ksty, k eh tjb Dhrkfrzkc aurecsjb h

tj b K `crs, ir hcotktirs. Xj b f ceb ia tjb _j kj s wks i vb r.

tj riwe

c e

tj b tj crh gbebrktcie, k atbr k pritrkotbh pbrcih ia

kekro jy krch oietbe tcie wjcoj drilb iu t c`` bhcktbfy katb r

tjb hbktj ia tjb a crst lc eg ke h aiuehbr ia tj b ektciekf cehb-

pbehbeob. Xj b fceb ia tj b K` crs, be tcrb fy iwceg ti tj b oie-

scstbe t suppirt ia tjb Drct csj Givbre`bet, jks rbkojbh

k

aiurtj suoobssir

ce

tjb pbrsie ia tjb eiw bvcffy eitircius

Skoacd Ljke.

W b ù st eiw r btu re ti tj b keobstir, kìe g wjisb hbsobeh-


19/122

XJ

KAkJdE

4

k e ts tjb Kagjkes ofkss tjb`sbfvbs, ek`bfy, _krkdke. Xj cs

ek`b cs bvchbetfy k oirruptcie, ir pbrjkps ektu rkf vkrcket

air` ia _u rykd kes -tjb sifkr ir riyk f rkob-eiw rbprbsbe tbh

c e Ceh ck dy tjb Trcgp1t. _c`cfkrfy tjb ek`bs ia jcs sies

Ljrcsjyfce keh _jkrmyfce, ke h ia jcs grkehsie _j birce c , krb

o fbkr fy o j k q b h ai r`s ia tjb oi`ìe Tc mp t c t ke h Drkj`ke

pripbr ek`bs Lrcsjke, _u rmke, ke h _ jcvkrk` i r _jbirk`.

J iw tj b Kagjke gbebkfigy-ìegbrs ok`b ti khipt tj b

ek` b _krk dke wcff db uehbrstiih, ca wb rbabr ti tjb ketbrcir

jcs tiry ia tj b oiuetry

c e

wjcoj tjkt pbipfb sbttfbh ks oie-

qubrirs. C t `ks stktbh ce prbobhceg pksskgb tj kt , hur ceg tjb

acrst obetu ry ia tj b @ ujk`` khke brk-tjb -sbvbe tj ia iu r

iwe-tffb oiuetry ia _cstke, wjcoj k t tj k t t c`b c f~ofu hbh jb

prbsbet privceob ia Lke hkjkr, wks cejkdctbh dy k e Cehcke

pbipfb, wji`

ct

wks t jb pbrscstbfft baairt ia tjb K rkds ti oie-

qubr ke h oievbr t. Ke h wb leiw ari` tjb loi rhs ia j c s t i r y f

tjk t , kp krt ari` tjb trkesabr ir hcspfkob`bet ia pipufktcies

oiesbofubet up ie prcir crru ptci es ia _oy tjco jirhbs ari` t j b

eirtj-bkst, tjb rb tiil pfkob kd iu t tw i obeturcbs bkrfcbr, ir

hurce g tjb acatj k e h db gceuceg ia tjb scxtj ia iur brk, k vbry

piwbrauf b`cgrktcie ia k e Ce hck e pbipfb ard` tjb wbstbre

dk el ia tjb Cehu s ti tjb vkf fby ia tj b Jbf`keh ke h c t s t r c-

=du tkr y strbk`s, tiwkrhs k lcehrbh pbipfb kfrbkhy sbt t fbh

tjbrb.

Xjcs b`cgrkt cie b e re ssb wks iwceg, ct wiufh kppbkr,

ti tj b c r rupt cie ce ti tj b Cehus vkf fby ia t ffb Mk ts , keh Lkt t c ,

ke h itjbr _o ytjco trcdbs, w ji kdi ut tj kt pbrcih piurbh ivbr

tjb Jcehu Lusj .

X jb M k t s ke h Lktt c- tjb Oabtbs ke h O ktt c

ia Bu ripbk e ku tjirs-krb eiw fkrgbfy rbprbsbetbh c e tjcs sbkt

ia tjbcr bkrfy oiequbst c e tj b M k t (ir GGmkr s j b

cs

oi`ìefy

sty fbh ) kgrcoufturkf pipufktcie ia tj b ^kffmkd, ke h cu tjb L kt t c

ia L kt t cw kr ir L kt t cykwkr .

C e ~ ag j k e cs tk e t jb M k t c s leiw e dy tjb ek`b ia Gjmkr,

wjcoj cs k Jc eh c tbr` bxprbsscvb ia jcs okffceg s k rbkrbr ia

o ttfb ke h jusdkeh`ke, keh j b cs aiueh ce t fcb grbktbs t


20/122


21/122

XJB KAGJKE

4?

wbrb tjb Gkehkrcc, ke h tjbc r oiue try wks tj b G kehkr ck ia tj b

Grbbl kutjirs . Xj by wbrb tj b Gkehjjra, keh tjbc r oiuetry

tj b _ cehjc c Gkehjjrk ia tj b Jce hu wrc tbrs . Xjcs pbipfb

k e h tjbcr oiu etry wcff db eitcobh ` irb auffy jbrbkatbr , d ut

ct

` ky db stktbh jbrb tj kt tj b bkrfy b`cgrkets eit ircfy g vb

tji ek`b ia Gke hjfr , ir Lkehjjr , ir Lkehkjdr ti tjb pr c`b

sbk t ia tjbcr ebw sbttfb`bet ke h rufb, d ut kotukffy, si`b tb e

obeturcbs fktbr, sbe t k piwbrauf oifiey dkol ti t jb cr prc` ctcvb

ji`b. Tb ture b`cgrkets betcrb fy cgeirket ia tjb cr ` itjb r

oiuetry, keh, rbgbebrktbh dy Csfj`, trbkt ceg tjbcr lcehrbh k e h

airbcgebrs kfclb, w ctji ut hcstceotcie, k s oursbh ceachbfs k e h

Jcehus.

Xj b b`cgrktcie ia tj b Sccsuazkc k e h @kj`keh, w ctj tj b

Ljkljc keh Gjirylljbf Kagjkes a ri` tjb Lkehkjkr pri-

vceob t i tj b ^bsj kw kr vkffby, wcff db hbsorcdbh aur tjb r ie.

Jb rb c t wcff suaacob t i cehcoktb tj b rbksie w j y tj b Kagjke

gbebkfigcst tiil tjb tbr` _krkdke air tjb ek`b ia tjb keobs-

tir ia t jb acrst ia tj b tjrbb ektcies irgcekffy sp rue g ari`, ir

rbabrrbh ti, tjb cr grb kt prigbectir Lkcs. _ury kdke s w ks t j b

hcst ceotcvb rkob t c t fb ia tjb Tjmph t pbipfb kìeg wji` tj b

Kagj kes jkh dboi`b kdsirdbh, keh , cehbp behbe tfy ia ofke

hcvcscies ke h sud-hcvcscies, c t wks kfsi k t c t fb jbfh ce jcgj

rbspbot kì eg tjb pbipfb ia tj b oiu etry k t tj k t tc`b. Aur

tdbr , ks c t ceo fuhbh k fkrgb ke h c`p irtket pipufkt cie, c t wks k

oievbecbet tbr` ti khip t ks ke keobstrkf tc t fb.

C t s khiptcie, jiwbvbr, ce ei w ky tbehbh ti lbbp kf cvb tj b

ircgce ir ceafubeob ia tjb tbr`, eir tjkt ia tjb pbipfb ti

wji` tjb t c t fb spbockf fy kppfcbh. Xjcs, pbrjkps, wks pk rt fy

iwceg ti tjb hcsgucsbh air` ia t jb wirh, d ut ìstfy ti tj b

fbvbffceg ceafubeob ia tjb ebw rbfcgcie. t kppbkrs ari` k

oi`pkrcsie ia tjb ektciekf ojkrkotbr keh ousti`s ia tjb

Tcmpc c t s ia Cehck keh tjisb

ia

Kagjkecstke, ks rbprbsbetbh

dy tjb Kagjke , tjk t tjb rb c s k vbryrb` krfrkdfb sc`cfkrc ty

dbtwbbe tj b tw i pbipfbs. Ks air cestkeob ce tj b fkws

ia jispctkfcty, p ritbotcie ti tj b rbaugbb, bxkotcie ia vbegbkeob,


22/122

8 XJ TKOB_

I KA[BKEC_XKE

mbkfiusy ia ab`kfb jieiur, tj b dritjb r dboi`crcg d y r c g j t

jusdkeh ia jcs hbobksbh dritjbr 'k wchiw, ke h itj brs w jc oj

k rb kfsi irhkcebh j y tj b @iskco oihb. s t i ek tciekf ojkr -

kotbr, tj b w krfclb spcrc t keh cesuaabrkeob ia oietrif, khh cotcie

t i vcobs keh hb dkuoj bry, cffstkdcfcty ia purpisb, prch b ia rkob,

mbkfiusy ia ektciekf jieiur ke h pbrsiekf hcgecty, k e h sp cr c t

ia hi`cebbr ceg krb pr b t ty ùoj k f clb ce t j b twi pbipfbs

ei w p krtb h ` irb d y D rk j` k ecs` k e h ~ u j k ` h k h k e c s `j k e

;)y brb tbrrctirckf hcstkeob. K pk rt ari` tjbsb kgkce, tj b rb

cs tj b vbr y strclce g pjyscigei`co rbsb`dfkeob, wjcoj cs

bvbe ìrb prieiueobhfy ia tj b ?b w cs j typ i ce tj b Tscmpfct

ia Cehck t jke c t c s ce j cs h cs tket l ces`ke tjb Kagjke.

D y @ujk` `khkes ia Ksck @ceir ke h tjb W bstbre oiuetrcbs

tj b Kagjke cs usukf fy okf fbh _ u fb ` j c , kppkrbe t fy ari` tj b

suppisct cie tj kt j b hwbffs ie tj b _ufb`sce rkegb ia ìu et-

kces. Ca si, tjb ek`b cs `cskppfcbh, air tjbrb kr b e i Kagjke s

sbtt fbh ie tjkt rkegb. t wiufh kppbkr ìrb pridkdfb tj k t

tjb ek`b cs oieebotbh wc tj tj b keocbet _ify`c ia _y r ck ,

wji k rb `bet ciebh d y Jbrihitus , ke h wji wbrb c e ifhbe

t c`bs ùoj `cxbh up wc tj tjb C s rkb f c t bs ce tjk t oiuet ry .

C t c s eit c`pridkdfb tj kt si`b ia tjbsb _ify`c wbrb k fsi

okrr cbh ce ti okpt cvc ty k fieg w ctj tjb Csrkbf ctbs , ke h tj k t

tjb y ` ky jkv b dboi`b ceoirpirktbh w ctj tj k t pbipfb, ke h

kooi`pkecbh tjb` ce tjbcr sudsbqubet wkehbrcegs, C e tj cs

oksb wb ` cgjt suppisb t j kt si`b ia tjb` wbrb k` ieg tj b

Kagjkes ia Gjir, k e h tj b suppisct cie wiufh bxp fkce tj b

`csscie ia Ljt~fch-dce-Wkfch ti tjbsb K agjkes, air t j b _ify ` c

wbrb k e K rkd pbipfb ia tj b sk`b rkob ks Ljkfch.

t

cs

pis-

scdfb, cehbbh, tj k t tj b _iCyrec ia tj b keocbets k e h tj b Kagjke

ia tj b ìhbres, wbrb ircgcekffy ieb ke h tjb sk`b pbipfb, ke h

tj k t tj b Dk ec Csrkcf wbrb `brbfy rbaugbbs kì eg tjb`, air,

k t tjb t c`b ia tjbcr a crst sbtt fb`bet ce Gjir, tj by wbrb kfw kys

spilbe ia sbpkrktbfy

ks

Dkec Kagj&ekek e h Dk ec Csrcccf.

D y tj b pbipfb ia Cehck , ke h ia tj b Bk st gbebrkffy , tj b

Kagjke cs ìrb oi`ìefy leiw e d y tj b ek` b ^ktjrce, c e


23/122

XJ KAGJKE 4 2

oi`ìe w ctj kff itjbr ûl jti-sp bklce g pbipfbs. _i` btc`bs

*

j b cs kfsi okffbh Tijcffk, d u t tjcs ek` b cs pripbrfy kppfcokdfb

iefy ti tjb tru b ^ktjcce, tj b ektcv b ia Tij (tjb J cgjfkehs),

tjb t rub Jcgjfkehbr , ks wcff db bxpfkcebh aurtj br ie ueh br

tj b jbkh ia ^ktj8e. K` iegst tjb`sbfvbs, ke h ce tjbcr iw e

oiue try, tj b Kagjkes rkrbfy, ca bvbr, okff tjb`sbfvbs dy tjbsb

ek`bs. Xj by krb sc`pfy Kagjge ir Kig jce, ks c t cs oi`ìefy

prieiueobh, ia suoj ir suoj

k

o fke < i r tjby k rb Hurrke c ,

k tbr` wjcoj iefy ok`b ce ti usb w ctj tjb r csb ia tj b ektcie

t i k e cehbpbehbet sivbrbcge ty uehbr Kj`kh _jk j ce

;787

t cs tjb ek`b, tii, d y wjcoj tj cs pbipfb cs leiw e c e Ce hck ks

rbprbsbetceg k hcst ceot givbre`bet. Xj b Kagjkes kh ` ct

t j k t tjb y krb ûljtfcek-tjb Jce hus tkec air` ia wjcoj

cs

-o

^ktjcce-dut tj by kr b okrbauf ce cescstceg i e tjb hcstceotcie

dbtwbbe Kagjke ke h ^ktjfce (ir ûl jtc cek, tj b wirh ce usb

k` ieg tjb`sbfvbs). C e akot, ks t j b y sky, bvbry Kagjke c s

k

û ljtf ce (scegufkr ia uljtf cek), du t bvbry ulj tGe,ir k tjDe,

cs e i t k e Kagjke. Xjb hcst ceot cie tj us `khb cs k vbry

pripbr ieb, air tjb twi pbipfbs krb ia hcaabrbet rkob keh

ircgce. X jb Kagjke cs k ^ktjfce `brbfy dbokusb jb cejk dcts

k ^ktjDe oiuetry , keh jks ti k grb kt bx tbet `cxbh w ctj c t s

pbipfb, ke h khiptbh tjbcr fkegukgb. X j b pbipfb ia tj b

oiuetry, ie tjbcr pkrt , jkvb khip tbh tj b rbf cgcie, ke h wctj ct

`key ia tjb `keebrs keh ousti`s ia tjb Kagjkes, tjiugj

ìst trcdbs stcff rbtkcf; obrtkce ke ocb et ousti`s pboufckr ti

tjb`sbfvbs, wjcoj jkvb survcv bh tjb cr oievbrscie ti CsfD`,

ke h sbrvb ks guchbs

ti

tji bfuochktcie ia tjb cr prbvcius jcstiry.

Xi betb r upie k e cevbstcgktcie ia tj cs sudmbot cs kf tigbtjbr

dbyieh tj b soipb ia tjcs trbktcsb. C t cs ieb, jiwbvbr, ia

kdsirdce g cetbrbst, ke h wiufh wb ff rbp ky t j b fkdiur ia rbsbkroj.

Ari ` w jkt jks dbbe s tk tbh, wb sbb tj k t tjb Kagjkes kr b

k hcstceot k eh pboufckr pbipfb k` ieg sbvbrkf itjbr pbipfbs,

wji tigbtjbr oi`pisb tj b `cxbh pipufktcie ia tj b oi uetry

wj coj cs eiw ek`bh katbr tjb` . Xj by okff tjb`sbfvbs Dkec

Csrkcf, ke h trko b tjb cr hbsobet ari`

ceg

_kuf (@kfcl Xfcffct)

H


24/122

41

XJB TKOB_

IA

KA[JKEC_XKE

ce rbgufkr suoobsscie hiw e ti Lkcs ir Lcsj, tj b g rb k t

keobstir ia tjb cr ektcie ce Kagj kecstke.

Ia tjb c r eu`dbrs k t tj b prbsbet hk y ct cs hcaBouft ti ai r`

e bstc`ktb, tjiugj tj ce l c t p ridkdfb tj k t tjb y hi eit

bxobbh k `cffcie siufs, ca bvbe tjb y db si ` key .

X j b y j k v b

air `key obeturcbs bemiybh k jcgj rbputk tcie air tjb c r ` kr t ck f

qukfct cbs, ke h jkvb dbbe fkrgbfy b`pfiybh ce tj b kr`cbs

ia

bvbry oiequbrir cevkhceg Ce h ck ari` tjb eir tj-wbst ir wb st .

Eu`brius oifiecbs ke h dkriecbs ia tj bc r pbipfb krb t i db

aiueh sokt tbrbh kdiu t c e hcaabrbet pk r ts ia t jb Ceh cke pbece-

sufk , ke h tj by k t ieb tc`b-tjb tjc r tb be tj obetury--bstkdfcsj-

bh k hyeksty ia lcegs kt Hbjfc . Xj by jkvb r csbe ceti rb k f

c`pirtkeob, jiwbvbr , iefy wctjce tjb fks t obetury keh

jkfa ir si. K eh tjcs dy tjb koochbet ia tjbcr suhhbe k e h

uebxpbotbh diueh ti cehbpbehbeob keh tjb hi`ceket rufb

ia tjbcr oiuetry. k pbipfb tj by jkvb k fwky s dbbe bvc f fy

eitircius air t jb cr akctjfbssebs s, fkwfbssebss, trbkojbry, k e h

drutkfc ty, si ùoj si tj k t tj b skyce$ ~ a ~ j h eb-c`he- t j b

Kagjke cs akc tjfbss jks pkssbh cet i k privbrd kìeg

bcgjdiurceg pbipfbs, keh , ihh fy beiugj, cs koleiwfbhgbh d y

tjb`sbfvbs t i db k t r u b o iu et, e i t i i e f y c e t j bc r h b k f c e p

w ctj tjb strkegbr, d u t k` ieg tjb`sbfvbs tii. i a kr k s t j b c r

jcstiry

ks

k e cehbpbehbet ke h ruf ceg pbipfb gibs tj by jkv b

obrtkcefy eit dbfcbh tjb ojkrkotbr ksscgebh ti tjb`. K

hk rl br rboirh ia `csg ivbre` bet, ia vcob, ia trbkojbry, ia

skvkgb orubfty, ke h ia ipprbsscie, tj ke ` krl s tjb okrbbr ia

tj b cehbpbehbe t Kagjkes, cs jkrh fy

ti

db aiueh ce tjb keekfs

ia ey itjbr cehbpbehbet st tb ia ìhbre t c`bs, ir ia t j b

sk`b pbrcih.

Fb t us gfkeob k t tjbcr jcs tiry a ri` tjb t c`b tjb y a crst

dbok`b le iw e ti tj b wirfh ks ke cehbpbehbet pbipfb uehbr

k lc eg ia tj bcr iwe rkob. t c s ei t k fieg pbrcih t i gi ivbr-

iefy ieb j uehrbh k e h tjcr ty-tw i ybkrs-keh tj b rbvcb w

drcba ke h jurrcbh ks c t ` us t ' ebobsskrcfy db, wc f f sjiw w j k t

tjby jkvb hieb keh wjk t t jby jk rb ei t hieb ai r t jb c r


25/122

XJ KAGJKE 47

oiu etry keh tjbcr oi`pktrcits. A i r `ist ia tjb akots ke h

hktbs driugjt tigbtjbr ce tjb aiffiwceg su``kry kooiuet

`

cehbdtbh ti @koGrbgir's Gkzbttbbr ia Kagjkec.qtke-k

pbrabot `ceb ia ceair`ktcie rbgkrhceg tjkt oiuetry,

ts

trcdbs,

ts jcstiry, ct s gbigrkpjy, o., o.


26/122

OJK^XBT ;;;

JC_XITS

IA XJ

KAGJKE_

KX

tjb dbgceeceg ia t jb fkst obe tury Kagjkecstke,

kt

t j k t

t c`b leiwe k Ljurkske k ^brs cke wirh s cgecayceg tjb B k s t

ir tjb Fbvket ia tjb ^brsckes) wots hcvchbh prbt ty bqukffy

dbtwbbe tjb @ugjkf ke h tj b ^brscke B`pcrbs,-tjkt cs ti

sky

Lkduf ke h Gjezec pbrtk cebh ti tjb air`br, keh Jb rk t k e h

Lk ehkjk r ti tj b fk t tbr . Ditj b`pcrbs jkh air fieg s t r cv be

air tjb pissbsscie ia tj b itjbr jkfa , keh Lk ehk jkr jk h rbpb kt-

bhfy pkssbh ari` tjb grksp ia ieb ti tj k t ia tjb itjbr. D i tj

Jbrk t keh Lkehkjkr jk tbh tjb ^brs cke ru fb , k s `uoj ie

kooiuet ia tj b bx cstceg hcaabrbeobs ia rkob, fkegukgb, k e h rbfc-

gcie, tjb ieb dbceg _u ee c ke h tjb itjbr _jcrc, ks ie koo iue t

ia prixc` cty ke h tjb hrbkh ia str cot rufb wjcfst tiwkrhs t j b

@ugjkf B`pcrb tjby fiilbh wctj abbfcegs ia kt tkoj`bet,

pk rt fy ie kooiuet ia rkob kBect cbs , pk rt fy ie kooiuet ia tr kh b

cetbrbsts , keh pkrt fy i e kooiuet ia rbfcgcius u ecty, k eh ti si` b

bx tbe t kfsi ie kooiuet ia hcstkeob keh tjb jipb ia

k

`cfh ke h

pritbotcvb givbre`bet.

Xj b gfiry ia bkoj b`pcrb, jiwbvbr, jkh fieg dbbe ie t j b

wkeb jb stkdcf cty ia bkoj wks uehbr`cebh ke h bkoj w b e t

k t c ts iwe pkob-rkpch ce tj b ieb oksb, ke h sfiwbr c e tjb i tj br

-ti acekf hbstruotcie. K t tj b tc` b wb oi``beob ari`, t j b

Gjcfzkcs

ia

L keh kjk r dbgke ti sjiw si`b c`pktcbeob ia ^ br -

scke rufb, ke h suoobsscvb kr`cbs wbrb sbe t ti drceg tjb ` t i

idbhcbeob. X jb sbvbrcty ia tjb ^brscke gbebrkf ke h jcs triips ,

jiwbvbr, iefy bxkspbrktbh tjb pbipfb ti `irb oi`dcebh rbscst-

keob,

keh

ce ;7>7, tjb Gjcfzkcs risb ce ipbe rbvift uehbr tj bc r

ojcba @cr Wkcs, w ji lcffbh tj b ^brscke givbreir k e h hri vb

jcs triips ari` Lke hkjkr, ke h jc`sbfa kssu`bh tjb givbre-


27/122

JC_XITS I A XJB KAGJKE_ 43

`bet

s

ke cehbpbehbe t rufbr . Xj cs kot wks tjb `ktoj tjk t

acrbh tj b fieg prbpkrbh trkce.

W ctjc e k sjirt hbokhb, tj b Kagjkes ia Jb rk t tjbrb oi`-

`ie fy okffbh Kdhtcfc) aiffiwbh tj b bxk`p fb ia Lkehkj kr, k e h

risb ce rbvift uehbr tjbcr ojcba Kskhuffk L jke , _khhi `c, wji

iustbh tjb ^brscke givbreir, keh jc`sbfa dbok`b cehbpbehbet

rufbr ia tjb privceob.

K e h si ` kttbrs s tiih ce W bstbre Kagjkecstke t cf f tjb ofisb

ia tj b acrst ocukrtbr ia t j b obe tury .

Kd iut tjc s t c` b tjbrb kppbkrbh ie tjb sobeb, ks Gbebrkf ia

tj b ^brscke kr`y , Ekhcr , tjb obfbdrktbh Xurlreke arbbdiitbr,

wji vbry siie koqucrbh k wirfh-wchb e itircb ty k s tj b rutj-

fbss oiequbrir ia ditj tjb ^brs cke ke h @ugjkf B`pcrbs. J b

bmbotbh tjb Gjcfzkcs keh Kagjkes, wji jkh ce tjb cetbrc`

ivbrrue ^ brsck, rboivbrbh J brk t , hrivb dkol tj b Tussckes, ke h

tjbe, hbpisceg jcs sivbrbcge, kssu`bh tj b oriwe jc`sbfa ce

;7?4. Acv b ybkrs fk tbr , Ek hcr _j kj tiil L kehkj kr ka tbr

pritrkotbh scbgb, rkzbh tjb gr ke h ifh oc ty t i tj b griueh,

pfiugjbh u p c ts cetbrcir , k e h ducf t k `bke sudstc tutb, wjcoj

j b okffbh Ekhcrkdkh, ie k fiw swk` py sc tb ie tjb pfkce

`cfb ir si ti tjb bkstwkrh.

W jcfst begkgbh ce tj b scbgb ia

L keh kjk r, jb befcstbh k strie g airob ia Gjcfzkcs ke h Kagjkes,

rkvkgbh tjb oiu etry kriueh, rbhu obh tjb pbipfb ti sudmbo-

tcie, ke h acekffy, ie tj b akff ia tj b octy, jb khvkeobh ti tj b

oiequbst ia Lkd uf ke h Ei rtjbre Ceh ck . Xbe ybkrs fk tbr

kgkce , ;787, tjb oiequbrir ia tj b ^kemkd ke h tjb kutjir ia

tj b `ksskorb ia Hbfjc wks kssksscektbh mu st ks j b rbkojbh tjb

^brs cke dirhbr fkhbe w ctj uetifh spicf , rbeiwebh ks tjb oie-

qubrir ia tj b kgb, ke h bxborktbh k s tjb r cvkf ia tjisb rutjfbss

soiurgbs-Ojkegjcz k e h Xy ` ur.

K eh eiw wb oi`b ti tjb rifb ia tjb Kagjke. I e jcs `kroj

ti

Cehck, Ek hcr jkh rkcsbh ueh br jcs s tkeh krh k strieg oie-

tce gb et ia Kagjkes. J cs pfke wk s tjcs.

J b irhbrbh k obesus

d y jiusbjifhs ti db tklb e ia bvbry tr cdb ce tjb oiuetry, ke h

tjb e irhbrbh obrtkce pbrobetkgb ari` bkoj ti mice jcs stk eh krh


28/122

? XJB

T OB_

IA

KAGJKEC_XKE

k t kppicetbh pfkobs, auffy bqucppbh air t jb acbfh. Xj b beu ` bre-

t cie tjbe `khb cs tjb iefy bxcs t ceg kutj ir c ty air tj b pipufk-

t cie ia tjc s oiuetry, ke h cs s t c f f quitbh d y tj b pbipfb ks t j b

cehb x ia tjb strbe gtj ia tjbcr sbvbrkf t rcdbs.

Kìeg tjb Kagjke triips si rk csb h w ks k e ~ d h t f f c i dfb,

ojcba ia tjb _khhizkc trcdb. J cs ek`b wks Kje fkh L j ke ,

ke h jb micebh tj b oiequbrir 's s tkeh krh w ctj t oietcegbet ia

;> >>>

jirsb. Ie tjb rb tu re `kroj a ri` Cehck , Kj` kh L j k e

jc`sbfa w ctj k wbkl hbtkoj` bet ia jcs `be w ks c e kt tbeh keo b

ce tjb riykf ok`p, tjb du fl ia j cs oietcegbet dbceg ce rbkr c e

ojkrgb ia tjb trbks urb oieviy. K s siie ks jb jbkrh ia t j b

hbktj ia Ekhcr , keh leiwceg t jb jktrbh c e wjcoj tj b ^brs ckes

jbfh kf f Kagjkes, jb k t ieob afbh tj b ok`p w ctj jcs ` be keh

jkstbebh ti Lkehkjkr. I e krr cvkf tjbrb jb ok`b upie tj b

trbksurb oieviy wj coj wk.3 ce ojk rgb ia tj b rbst ia jc s oie tce -

gbet, ke h k t ieob sbczbh ct .

W ctj tjb wbkftj tju s airtuctiusfy koqucrbh j b diugjt ivbr

h f ' t j b prceocpkf ojcbas ia ditj Kagjkecstke ke h Dkfiojcstke,

ke h d y tjbcr uekecìus oiesbet wks oriwebh lce g k t Lkehk,

jkr, ie

ke

bfecubeob ivbrfiilceg tj b pfkce ie wjcoj tj b pri-

sbe t o c ty s tkehs. J b c``bhcktb fy hcs`ket fbh Ekhcrkdkh, keh

aiuehbh tjb ìhbre octy, wjcoj jb ek`bh K j` kh _j kjr, i r

Kj` kh _jkjc, ke h `khb j c s okp c tk f ke h riykf rbschbeob. C t

cs ìrb gbebrkffy le iw e dy tj b ek`b ia tjb ircgcekf okp ctkf

Lkehkjkr , ke h cs sk ch ti iooupy tj b vbry spit ie wjcoj tj b

khv beturi us Kagjke sbczbh tj b trbksurb oieviy-tjb koochbetkf

`bkes ia jcs bfbvktcie ti riykfty . Ct c s k db t t b r t iwe tjke

tjb wrbtojbh prihuotcie ia Ekh cr , k eh stkeh s ie tjb jcgj rikh

koriss k e ipbe pfkce, kdi ut twi `cfbs t i tjb ei rtj ia ct. K t

dbs t c t c s du t

k

piir oiffbotcie ia ù h-d ucft jiusbs ori w hbh

tigbtjbr wctjce airtcacbh wkffs, keh oietkcus dut

k

scegfb

ducfhceg ia krty kro jctb otur kf `brct-ek`bfy, tjb `k usifbu`

ia ct s aiuehbr jc`sbfa.

KJ@KH

LJKE

wks oriwebh lce g ce ;787 ks Kj`kh _jkj,

H ur rc Hurrde, ir ^b krf ia ^bkrfs, ke h tjb t c t fb cs skch t


29/122

JC_XITS

IA XJB

KAGJKE_ ?

jk vb dbbe khi ptbh ari` tj b hcstceotcvb ousti` ia tj b Kdhccfc

t r cdb ia wbkrceg k s`kff pbkrf s tuhhb h rceg ce t jb r cg jt bkr.

C e tj b aiffiwceg ybk r j b tiil L kduf ari` tjb ^ brscke Giv-

breir, wji jkh dbbe fbat ce

ct

dy Ekhcr , keh tju s bs tkdfcsjbh

jcs ku tji rc ty c e tjb ji`b oiuetry. Xj b rbst ia jcs prispbrius

rbcge ia twbety-scx ybkrs wks iooupcbh ce ke ueobksceg

oiursb ia oiequbst ke h pfuehbr. J b rbpbktbhfy rbpfbecsjbh

j cs fbk ly oiaabrs d y suoobsscvb cevkscies ia C eh ck, rkcsbh tj b

e=f`b ia jc s ektci e ti

jcgj pctoj ia rbeiwe, ipbebh

okrbbr air tjb k` dct cie keh grbbh ia jcs ju egry keh fuxurcius

eidfbs dy airbcge oiequbsts, keh , k t jcs hbktj, fbat k e b` pcrb

bx tbehceg a ri` tjb _ut fb m ke h tjb Cehu s ie tjb bkst ti tj b

^brscke hbsbrt ie tj b wbst ri` tj b Ixuv ie tjb eir tj ti

tj b Krkd cke sbk ie tjb siu tj . J b jkh gkcebh s wcab air

Xy` ur, j cs sie ke h jbcr-kppkrbet , tjb hkugj tbr ia tjb Hbjf c

B`pbrir, ke h wc tj jbr g hiwry Fkjirb keh k f f ^kemkd.

K j` kh _jkj s okrbbr wks ieb ia oiequbst ke h pfuehbr

tjriug jiu t. Dire ke h drbh k sifhcbr, jb fcvbh ke h hcbh

sifhcbr. J b privchbh jcs rbst fbss k eh fkwfbss pbipfb w ctj

oiegbeckf b`pfiy`bet, keh ipbebh ti j cs a colfb k e h k`d ct cius

eidfbs rcoj acbfhs air tj b grktcacoktcie ia tj bc r hbscrbs. D u t

j b hch eitj ceg air tj b sudstketckf dbebac t ia jcs oiuetry.

J c s oihb ia fkw s ke h rbgufkt cies air tj b givbre` bet ia tjb

ji` b oiu etry wks k e chbkf ìrb tjke k rbkf ieb. J cs pbipfb

k e h oiu etry rb`kcebh ùoj tjb sk`b ks tjb y wbrb dbairb,

w ct j tjb hcaabrbeob iefy tj k t tjb wbkftj keh pkgbketry ia

ebwfy-orbktbh oiurt kt trkotb h ` ke y ari` k pkstirkf keh wke-

hb rce g fcab t i ieb ia oiu rt btcq ub ttb ke h ìrb sbttfbh jkdcts.

D u t ks k wjifb, tjb pbipfb

keh

oiuetry ce tjbcr rbspbotcvb

o i e h c t ci ~ ~ s b rb jkrh fy kaabotbh dy tjb ebw stk tb ia tj cegs .

X j b ieb oietceubh ti db tj b fkwfbss, rbstfbss, ke h k` dctcius

pbipfb, grbb hy air w bkftj w ctj iu t tjb fkdiur ia jiebstfy

bk rec eg c t , wjcoj tj by jkh kfw kys dbbe eitbh ti db-tjcs fkst

qukf c ty dbceg k t rk c t

c e

tjb ojkrkotbr ia tj b ektcie wjcoj

rbobcvbh k vbry piwbrauf c`pbtus dy tj b beirìus r cojbs tjb y


30/122

4

XJ TKOB_ IA KAGJKEC_XKE

koqucrbh ueh br tj b suoobssauf ke h rbpbktbh bxpb hctcies ia

tjb cr lceg. Keh tjb itjb r rb`kcebh uehbvbfipbh, w ctj iu t

rikhs, ke h w ctjiut sbou rcty air tjb trkvbffbr.

J@ H JKBCcbh ce ;77? ke h wks suoobbhbh d y tj b j bcr ia

jcs ojicob, jcs sboieh sie Xy ` ur. X jb acrst ko t ia tj b eb w

lce g wks ti p u t hiwe tj b ippisct cie ia jcs bfhbr dritjbr,

_ufb` e,d y pu t t ceg iu t j cs bybs. J b tjbe gkvb jc`sbfa u p

ti pfbksurb k e h tjb pkg bke try ia oi urt fcab, ke h fbat tj b givbre-

` bet ia tjb oiu etry ti jcs `cecstbrs ke h privceockf kh` cecs-

t rk tirs . J b ojkegbh tjb okpc tk f a ri` L kehkj kr ti Lkduf ,

ke h gbebrkffy sp bet tjb w cetbr k t ^bsjkwkr , wjcoj dbok`b

sirt ia sboieh okpctkf. X jb rbcge ia Xy ` ur wks oi` pfbtb

oietrkst ti tj k t ia jcs aktjbr. Xj b rbpbktbh `cfc tkry bxpbhc-

t cies ke h jkufs ia trbksurb, tj b rbst fbss kot cvc ty ke h oiestket

keebxktcies ia tbrrctiry, wjcoj ojkrkotbrczbh tjb air`br, eiw

gkvb wk y ti fuxu ry keh pkgbket ry k t ji`b, ti `ces trb fs k e h

dkykhbrbs, ti pcgbie-akeoy k e h oiol-acgjtceg. ^rivceo b k at br

privceob ia tj b oiequbrbh stktbs ou t kh rcat keh abff kw ky ari`

tj b ebwfy-rkcsbh b`pcrb. Acekffy tj b trbksury , akcfceg ti db

rbpfbecsjbh s jbrbtiairb ari` kdrikh, rke hry< hcsoietbet

dbok`b rcab, k e h tj b acrst scges ia tj b oi`ceg stir` dbgke t i

iw tjb`sbfvbs. X y` ur pbrsiekffy wk s hbspcsbh k ke baab-

`cektb vifuptukry, d u t jb wks ti fbrk tbh s tjb sie ia jcs

ak tjbr ke h tj cs ako t, `irb tj ke ke y itjbr, sjiws tj b jcgj

b s t c ~ e k t c ~ ~ ~e wjcoj Kj`kh _ jk j wks jbfh dy jcs pbipfb, air

jb cs eiw jkrh fy le iw e bxobpt dy ek`b, tj b oixe`itcies

keh usurpktcies ia suoobbhceg ybkrs jkv ceg a cxbh tj b ` cehs

ia tj b pbipfb ti irb rbobet jbribs, tji ug j ia ` bke br okfcdrb.

Cehbbh tjb bvbets ia tj b sjirt hbokhb ia Ekhcr _jkj 's rufb

ivbr tj cs oiuetry krb dbt tbr leiwe tjk e tjisb ia tj b auff

quk rtbr-obetu ry ia. tj b H urr ke c sivbrbcges' rbcge. X j b ieb

wks k oiequbrir wji hbstriybh ke h sudmugktbh, wji pfke tbh

^brscke givbreirs ia k oi` pkrktcvbfy ocvcfczbh stk` p, k e h w ji

rufbh

s

k e kutiorkt. Xj b itjbr wks tj b fbkhbr ia k dkeh ct t c ,

wji rkvkgbh keh pfuehbrbh, ke h wks sudsbrvcbet ti tj b wcf f


31/122

JC_XITS

IA

XBB KAGJKE_

??

ia

jcs suppirtbrs keh aiffiwbrs. Xj b hbbhs ia tjb ieb krb

rb`b`dbrbh-ia tj b itj br airgittbe.

XS@RT

cbh c;;

;73?

katbr k rbcge ia tw be ty ybkrs, ke h fbat

soirb ir si ia sies, ke h k fkrgb r eu ` db r ia hku gjtb rs. Ia fccs

sies, ]k`fe wks givbreir ia Lkduf, Kdd8.s ia ^bsjkwkr,

L uj eh cf ia Lksj` cr, Ju` tcytce ia Lk ehk jkr, ke h @kj`tch ia

J brkt . Keh tj cs wkk kf f tj k t rb`kcebh ia tj b Hurrkec B` pcrb

ia K j` kh _j kj k t tjb hbk tj ia jcs suoobssir. C t wks `brbfy

tj b ekt cvb ir û lj t t ce oiuetry , w c tj Lksj`cr khhbh.

] @ EJ K J uoobbhbh ti tj b tjrieb tjriugj tjb suppir t

ia ^ctykehk Lj ke, tj b prc`b `cecstbr ia jcs aktjbr. Xj cs kdfb

krch kstu tb `cecstbr wks tj b sie ia tj b obfbdrktbh Jkmc Mk`D;,

Dkrklzkc , wji jkh dbbe tj b ìst kot cvb pkrt czke ke h sup-

pirtbr ia Kfc`kh _fckj wjbe jb wks acrst `khb lc eg ke h jcs

idmbot ce eiw tkt tceg ]k`1e ce jke h wks ti usb jc` ks pup pbt

wj cfst jb ` kturbh jcs iw e k` dctcius hbscges. ]k`je, jiw-

bvbr, jk h ei siiebr ksobuhbh tj b tjrie b tj ke jcs rcg jt wkq

oietbstbh d y Ju ` cyc ce k t Lkehkjkr , keh dy @kj`cch k t

Jbrkt . J b c``bhcktb fy `krojbh kgkcest Lkehk jkr keh rb-

huobh tjb air`br, ke h tjb e priobbhbh ti J brk t, wfcbrb jb wk s

airobh ti k oi`pri`csb iwceg ti rbdbff cie k t Lkduf. C e tj b

` chst ia tjbsb triudfbs, Kgj k @ujk``kh Lj ke, tj b aiuehbr

ia tj b prbsbet O1mtcr hye ksty , ok`b ti tj b tjrieb ia ^brsck ,

k e h , jkv ceg sbczbh LjurfcsDu, hb` kehbh tj b obsscie ia Dkflj ,

wjcoj st c ff ei` cekffy pbrtkcebh ti tj b Lkd uf Givbre`bet.

] k` fe , uekdfb ti rbscst, obhbh tj b privceob ce tjb jipb ia ` kl-

ce g k arcbeh ia tj b ^brpcke air t jb aurtjbrkeob ia jcs iwe

uftbrcir hbscges ie Ck h ck ir c t sbb`s ti jkvb dboi`b ofbkr

ti j c` tj k t tjb H ur rke c B`pcrb, aiuehbh ie tjb p fuehbr

ia Ce hck , oiufh ei t db l bp t k-giceg w ctjiut pbrcihcokf supp fcbs

ari` tj k t cebxjkurctcdfb siurob. W ctj tj b kfcbektcie ia

Dkflj ok`b tf cb rbvift ia t f ~ b kumkd, wf~ co f cwks ke kppkekgb

ia tj b B` pcrb k s hiwbr ia Xy ` ur s wcab, keoc ]kÒe

w s

oie tbet ti kppicet Tkrcm ct _ce g ks jcs rufbr k t Fkjirb.

K t tjcs mu eoturb ^kykehtf Ljku, tfcb prc`b `cffcstbr,

F


32/122

8

XJB TKOB_

IA

KAGJKEC_XKE.

a cehceg tjb ì`bet ippirtueb air hbtjrieceg tjb p u p p bt

wji` jb aiueh fbss afbxcdfb tj k e jb jkh rboliebh, be tbr bh

ce ti k fbkgub wc tj _jumf-uf-@ufl (tjb dritjbr ia ]k ` fe) ti

sbt jc` ie tj b tjrieb. Xj b pfit, jiwbvbr, wks hdoivbrbh

ti ]k`fe, wji airtjwctj bxboutbh ^kykehk Ljk e k e h j cs

abffiw oiespcrktirs. I e tj cs A kt j Ljke, tj b sie ia ^ ky ke hk ,

w bet ivbr ti tj b schb ia @kj`Gh, keh, w ctj kch hbrcvbh ari`

^brsck, sbczbh upie L ke hk jk r ke h cestkffbh @kj`Gh tj brb.

]kòce, airsklbe d y jcs suppirtbrs, sb et k e kr ` y air t j b

rboivbry ia L kehkjkr, d u t c t hbsbrtbh ti @kj`Gh, wji, tj u s

strbegtjbebh, `krojbh kgkce st Lkduf, hbabktbh keh okptu rbh

]krecce

keh pu t iu t jcs bybs. Xjb dfceh ìukroj uftc` ktbfy

priobbhbh ti Fuhjckek, ke h tjb rb dbok`b pbesciebr ia t j b

Drctcsj Givbre`bet.

J kv ceg bstkdfcsjbh jc`sbfa

t

Lkduf, @kjàch ebxt ~ b c z b h

^bsjkwkr ari` _jum8-uf-@ufl, wji afbh

t

jcs kpprikoj

hrbkhceg tj b vbegbkeob ia A k t j Ljke . Xj cs ioourrbh

t

t j b

oi``beob`bet ia tjb prbsbet obetury, ke h wks aiffiwbh

c`` bhcktbfy dy k rcsce g ia tjb G jcfzkcs ti oietbst tj b givbre-

` bet w ctj @kj`Gh. Xj by w brb hbabktbh d y A k tj Lj ke,

d u t rbviftbh kgkce ce tj b aiffiwceg ybkr, ke h suaabrceg

sboieh hbabkt sudschbh ce ti qucbt. @bkewjcfb @kjàch j kh

rbturebh t i Lkduf, keh jb jkh ei siiebr turebh jcs dkol ie

^bsj kw kr, tj k e _jfcmcr, oiffbotceg jcs supp irtbrs ke h k oie-

schbrkdfb airob, krojbh kgkce st jc`, k e h ce ;:>?-tjb y bk r

tjb Bk st Ceh ck Oi`pkey tiil Hbjfc-okpturbh Lkd uf ke h c` -

prcsiebh @kj`Gh. W jcfst tjcs wks bekotceg k t Lkduf, tj b

Oocmcr L ceg ia ^brsck `khb k e kttb ` pt ti sbczb ie rkt, d u t

jcs givbreir ia L jurj cce, wji fbh tj b bxpbhctcie, w s

hbabktbh. Aiffiwceg tjcs, tj b Givbre` bet ia Cehck , kp prb -

jbescvb ia tjb `bhctktbh cevkscie ia Cehck

dy

Ekpifbie ce

oi-ipbrktcie w ctj Kfbxkehbr ia Tussck, hbochbh ie ipbeceg

rbfktcies w ctj _jk j _jumoc-uf-@ufl, ke h hbspktojbh B fp jc e-

stieb's @csscie t i ^bsjkwkr, wj brb tjb Drctcsj bev iy ` b t

tjb Hurrkec _ivbrbcge keh oieofuhbh

trbkty . Xjcs


33/122

JC_XITS IA XJ KAGJKE_ 2

ioourrbh ce

;:>3

keh `krls tjb acrst hbkfcegs ia tjb Drctcsj

wctj tjb Kagjkes.

Ct

cs ourcius ti eitb tjb hcaabrbeob ce tjb ipcecie tjbe

air`bh

ia

tjcs pbipfb keh tjkt wjcoj cs eiw jbfh ia tjb`

katbr ke poqukcetkeob ia must sbvbety ybkrs. Xjb aceb jispc-

tkdfb oiurtbius keh ojcvkfrius Kagjke ia tjkt hky cs ti-hky

tjb priuh acolfb dfustbrceg keh trbkojbrius cetrcgubr ce

wji` tjbrb cs ei akctj keh ti rbfy ie wjisb wirh cs ti oiurt

hcskstbr. Xrufy tjb fkttbr-privbh dy hbkr-diugjt bxpbrcbeob

ie ìrb tjke ieb iookscie-cs eit sjirt ia tjb `krl.

Aiffiwceg tjcs `bìrkdfb trkeskotcie kt ^bsjkwkr Aktj

Ljke hbsbrtceg jcs kffbgckeob ti _jum1 keh pursuceg tjb

k`dctcie ia jcs aktjbr pfittbh tjb rbstirktcie ia @kj Gh.

Jb baabotbh jcs bsokpb ari` prcsie keh mueotcie wctj jc`sbfa

k t Lkehkjkr keh tjbe

ks

Wkzcf< `krojbh wctj jcs pritbgb

kgkcest Lkduf. _jum1 wks hbabktbh keh airobh ti afy tjb

oiuetry keh katbr `key jkrhsjcps keh pbrcfius khvbeturbs

acekffy micebh jcs dritjbr ]k`8e k t Fuhjckek wjbrb jb kfsi

dbok`b k pbesciebr ia tjb Cehcke Givbre`bet-ia tjb Bkst

Cehck Oi`pkey.

Wctj tjb rb-bstkdfcsj`bet ia @kj`Gh k t Lkduf wctj Aktj

Ljke ks jcs prc`b `cecstbr tjb kacrcrs ia tjb givbre`bet

uehbrwbet k rb`krlkdfb ojkegb. Xjb `cecstbr wks lceg keh

tjb lceg wks k pk`pbrbh hbdkuojbb. Aktj Ljke eiw jkh

tjb gk`b jb jkh dbbe pfkyceg air ce jcs iwe jkehs.

Jb

lebw tjb ojkrkotbr ia jcs pbipfb wbff keh tiil okrb

t `klb

jc`sbfa pipufkr wckd tjb` dy ipbe-jkehbh

fc rhcty

keh tjb

air`s ia jispcthcty oi`ìe di tj oiuetry. @bkewjcfb jb

wks eit ebgfbotauf ia jcs iwe cetbrbsts keh tjb ebobsscty ia

strbegtjbeceg jcs pisctcie keh tjbsb behs jb sbourbh dy hcs-

trcdutceg tjb ìst c`pirtket i tjbf keh privceockf

givbre`bets kìegst jcs iwe sies keh khjbrbets. Xjb

pipufkrcty keh piwbr w w koqucrbh dy Aktj Ljke hch eit

bsokpb tjb eitcob ia @kj`Gh keh jb dbok`b mbkfiuk ia jcs

Wkzcr. Xjb tc`b jiwbvbr wks eit ippirtueb air ke ipbe


34/122

?1 XJB TKOB_ IA KAIBKEC_XKE

ru pt ur b wctj si piwbrauf k sbrvke t, ke h tj b ` cstrustauf

lceg

dchbh jcs tc`b.

X jb ^brsck es jkh air si`b tc`b dbbe `bh-

h fce g ke h c e t r c g u c ~ ~ ge tj b kaakcrs ia J brk t, keh, ce ;:;1 j k h

gi t pissbsscie ia tj b pfkob. Ak tfc L j k e wks sbe t ti o fbk r

tffb` iut, wjcoj, w ctj jcs usukf giih airtuei, jb h ch vb ry

pri ` ptfy ke h baabotukffy. J c s suoobss, jiwbvbr, iefy ceorbks-

bh tjb be` cty ia @kj`tch, ke h riusbh tj b mbkfiusy ia j c s

sie Lk`rce .

C e ;:;: ie si`b trcvck f prbtbeob, jb wks `k hb prcsiebr

dy @kj`Gh keh jkehbh ivbr ti L k` rce , wji, ti prbvbet

aur tjb r ojkeob ia tj b `irb tjk e suspbotbh sojb`bs ia tj b

Wkzcr griwceg ti ` kturc ty , hbprcvbh jc` ia scgj t

y

tjrus t -

ce g k rbh-jit pc;; ce ti jcs bybs-ke ko t ia dkr dk rcty, wj coj,

c t cs skch, tjb skvkgb yiueg prc fcob oi``cttbh w ctj jcs iw e

jkehs.

I e

tjcs, kff tj b Dkrkl zkc ojcbas-dritjbrs k e h sies ia

A k tj Ljke-risb ce rbvift, k eh @kj`1h wks hrcvbe ari`

Lkd uf dy Hist @ujk``kh Ljke. Xjb augc tcvb `khb

stkeh k t Gjkzec, d u t uekdfb ti rbscst tjb

c`pbtuiscty ia jcs

pursubr, oietcuubh jcs afcgjt ti J br kt < du t, dbairb hi ceg si,

@kj`cch ke h Lk ` rce vbe tbh tjbcr j ktrbh ia tjb jbfpfbss

prcsiebr ce tjbc r jkehs dy pu t t ceg jc` ti hbktj wc tj tj b

`ist jirr cd fb tirturbs. X jb ` ~ cr h br ia Ak tj Lj ke rkcsbh

k stir` ia vbegbkeob, wjcoj sbkfbh tj b hii` ia tj b _khh izkc.

^ k tj L jk e skorcacobh jcs f cab ce tjb gk`b jb pfkybh air, d ut c t

wks eit fist, jcs ak`cfy tiil c t up, k eh wctj tj b sy` pktj y ia

tjb wjifb ektcie wie c t . Xj b Dkrklzkc ok`b ceti piwbr

ueh br Hist @ujk`` kh, wji, c e ;:41 bstkdfcsjbh j c`sbfa

t

Lkduf, wjcfst jcs dritjbr _jbrhcf jbfh Lkehkjkr.

Keh tjus buhbh tjb Hu rrkec B`pcrb.

C t risb up d y kooc-

hbet , ke h wbet hiwe dy `csrufb, ka tbr behurceg must tjr bb

soirb ke h tbe ybkrs. Xj b vcgirius rbcge ia ct s aiuehbr,

Kj` kh _jk j, wks k pbrcih ia k`dctcie, oiequbst, k e h

pfue hbr. X jb abbdfb rbcge ia jcs suoobssir

wks

ieb ia pfbk-

surb, pkrkfyscs, ke h hbofceb. Keh tj b uestkdfb rbcges ia tfcb

suoobbhceg oi`pbtctirs, ] k` ce , _jrcmD, ke h @kj` jh, wb rb


35/122

JC_XITS IA

XJB

KAGJKE_ 7

pbrcih ia ke kroj y ke h hcsoirh ia trbk ojb ry ke h tirturb ia

oievufscies ke h hbktj . W ctj suoj k okrbbr ei b`pcrb oiufh

db bxpbotbh ti behurb.

Xj b Kagjke wji w ctj ùsjrii`

griw tj risb ce ti tj b pisctcie ia tjb ezfceg rkob pissbssbh

eieb ia tjb qukfctcbs rbqucsctb ti tj b sctuktcie. D u t rbobe tfy

rbofkc`bh ari` k wcfh ei`khco fcab stc ff cffctbrk tb k e h

uepifcsjbh jb akc fbh ti kt tkoj ti jcs cetbrbsts tjb oipkrtebrs

ce

tj b sicf ti oieocfcktb jcs oi`pktrcits ke h ti-sbourb tjb cr

fiyk fty keh suppirt . J b stiih kfieb k` ch tj b vkrcius rkobs

wjcoj oi`pisbh tjb ektcie ivbr wjcoj jb jkh koqucrbh tj b

hi`cecie ke h jb aiugjt iu t jcs qukrrbfs kìegst jcs iwe

pbipfb. J cs rbfktcies wctj jcs ebcgjdiurs wbrb vcokrcius

k e h uerbfckdfb ke h jb jkh ebctjbr tjb oiuetbekeob eir tjb

suppi rt ia b c tjbr tjb ^krkìuet îwbr ia tjb Bk st ir ia tj k t

ia t j b W bst.

Keh

si

c t wks tj k t tjb Hu rrke c B` pcrb suel k eh h cs -

kppbkrbh du t eit si tjb H urr ke c rufb.

Xjcs `brbfy p=tssbh

ari` ieb ak`cfy ia tj b rkob ti keitjbr-ari` tj b _khhizkc

ti tj b Dkrklzkc . W ctj tjc s trkesabr ia rufb jiwbvbr tj br b

o=t`b k oi`pfbtb ojkegb ivbr tjb stktus ia tjb oiuetry. X jb

b`pcrb

jkh

pkssbh k w ky k e h wks rbpfkobh dy tj b prceocpkfcty.

Xj b _j kj gkvb wky ti tj b K`cr-tjb B`pbrir ti tjb ^rceob.

D u t dbschbs tjcs tjbrb w s k ojkegb ia

k

ìrb eitbwirtjy

ke h c` pir tket ojkrkotbr. Xj b ji`b lceghi` w jcoj

` s

kff

tj k t rb`kcebh ia tj b b`pcrb ei fiegbr oirctceubh k e cetbgrkf

wjifb ~ol eiw fbhgceg jb obe trk f ku tji r c ty k t Lkduf.

I e

tj b oietrkry c t dbok`b spf c t u p ce ti tjb cehbpbehbet ojcba-

sjcps ia Jb rkt uehbr Bk ` rce-tjb fkst rbprbsbetkt cvb ia tjb

_khhizkc ak`cfy Lk ehk jkr uehbr _ffbrhcf ke h jcs dri tjb rs

micet pkrtebrs ce tj b givbre` bet-Lujehcf ket; Tkjcehcf e h

L kdu f uehbr Hist @ ujk``kh. ^bsjk`kr st c ff rb`kcebh c e

tj b jke hs ia _u ftke @ujk``ktf du t jb jbfh tjb pfkob iefy

ks givbreir ue hbr T ke mct _ceg wji hurce g tjb oieauscie

aiffiwceg ie tjb ùrhbr ia

Aktj

Lj ke sbczbh L ksj` cr ce

: 3

ke h tjcs pfkob aiur ybkrs fktbr.


36/122

:

XJB

TKOB_ I KAGJKEC_XKE

Wjbe Hist @ujk``kh tiil up tjb rb c` ia givbre ` bet

k t Lkduf-tjb rboigeczbh okp ctkf ia tj b oiuetry-jb ks su ` bh

tjb fbkhbrsjcp ia tj b hcvchbh ektcie, keh khiptbh tj b t c t fb ia

K`cr-tjb a crst K ` l ia Kagjkecstke. Xj b wirh ck k e K rkdco

ieb, ke h `bkes Oi``kehbr. C t wks acrst cetrihu obh

ks k

`cf c tkry t c t fb d y tjb L jf f c as uehbr tjb air` K`cruf-@u`cece,

ir Oi` `keh br ia tj b Akctjauf, k e h w s dbstiwbh upie

privceockf givbcei` wj i wbrb sudirhcektb t i tj b Ljcfccakt,

ir Okfcpjktb, ks ìst Buripbkes w rctb tj b wirh. _udsb-

qubetfy c t dbok`b khiptbh s k prceobfy t c t fb d y ' cehbpbeh bet

rufbrs ia tjb `ceir ktktbs wjcoj fiilbh ti t jb jbkh i a t jb

A k c t j s tjbcr pkrkìuet piwbr. Keh fkt tbrfy ct o k ` b t i

okrry

w ctj c t k sbesb ia sudirhcektcie c e tj b rkels ia

sivbrbcgety.

W ctj tj b kssu`ptcie ia tjc s t c t fb Hist @ujk`` kh koqucrbh

eitjceg ìrb tjk e k e koleiwfbhgbh prb-b`cebeob kìeg tj b

fiokf ojcbas ia t jb oiue try irU wjcoj jb jbfh tj b okpctkf. J b

koqucrbh ei bx trk piwbr ir tbrrctirckf hi`cecie w ctj ct , air,

s

k ` kttbr ia akot , jcs kutj irc ty wks f c`ctbh ti Gjkz ec ie

ieb schb ia jcs okpctkf, ke h Mkfk fkd kh ie tj b itjbr.

W jcfst K agjkecstke wks dbceg tj u s pkrt c t ciebh dbtwbbe

tj b sies ia A kt j Ljke , tj b oiursb ia kaakcrs dbtwbbe .J b rk t

ke h ^brs ck h ch ei t ru e sìitj fy< ke h c e

:?8 k

^brs cke k r` y

uehbr Kddkk @crzk, tjb sie ke h jbcr-kppkrbet ia A k t j

Kfc _jkj, tjb rbcgeceg O &m&r _ivbrbcge, ` krojbh kg kce st

Jbrkt , du t wks wctjhrkw e ie k oi`pri`csb wctj tjb csifktbh

L k` rfe . Kd iut tj cs t c` b _jumcc, tj b rbaugbb

kt

Fuhjckek,

sbbceg tj b hcs`b`dbrbh ke h hcsirgkeczbh s tk tb ia tjb o iu etr y,

sb t iut w c tj

k

fkrgb kr ` y ti rboivbr j cs fist lceghi`, k e h

`krojbh kgkcest Lkehkjk r. J brb Luj ehcf , jifhceg iut ,

su`ìebh tjb kch ia Hist @ujk` `kh ari` Lkduf, k e h ie

jcs krrcvkf, _jumtc , dbceg hbabktbh w ctj tj b fiss ia ìst ia j cs

kr`y, wks airobh ti afy t i J b rk t. J c s eb pj bw L k ` h e ,

diwbvbr, ofisbh tj b gktbs kgkce st jc`, ke h tj b hcskpp icetbh

_ k h h ~ z k c

jkh

ti tu re dkol k eh aceh jcs wky koriss tjb _cs tke


37/122

JC_XITS IA XJB KAGJKE_

?3

hbsbr t ti Ok f c t ir Lbf c t wjbrb Ekscr Ljk e gkvb jc` ksyfu`

ku h sbe t j c` ie t i Fuhjckek .

Xjcs v cotiry k t Lke hkjkr bs tkdfcsjbh tjb kutjir c ty ia tj b

Dkrklzkc wjcfst tjb oiehuot ia L k` rc e rbhuobh tjb okusb ia

tj b _khhizkc ti k jipbfbss oiehctcie ke h rkcsbh tjb jipbs ia

tjb ^brs cke

lceg

ce j cs u f t c`ktb vcbws rbgkrhceg Jbrkt .

Wjcfb tjbsb bvbets wbrb bekotceg ce Kagjkecstke A k t j Kfc

_jkj wks suoobbhbh

k

lc eg ia ^brs ck d y jcs grkehsie

@ ujk`` kh _fckj. Ke h jb cestcgktbh d y Gbebrkf _cìecoj

t cfb Tusscke @cecs tbr k t Xbjrke `krojbh kgkces t J brkt ke h

fkch scbgb t i tj b airtrbss. Ct w ks gkffketfy hbabehbh dy tj b

gkrrcsie ueh br tj b guchkeob ke h beoiurkgb`be t ia Fcbut.

Bfhrbh îtt cegbr wji jkppbebh ti db tj brb k t tjb t c`b.

@bkewjcfb ie tj b itjbr schb ia tj b oiuetry Hist @ ujk` `kh

sbet k e k r`y kgk ces t tjb _ cljs k t ^bsjkwkr ti rboivbr tj b

Ce hu s privceobs wjcoj tjby jk h tk lbe ari` tjb Lkdu f Givbre-

` be t wctj tjb oiesbet ia _jum8. Xj b Kagjke kr` y hbabktbh

tjb _ cljs k t Mk`r c ch ebkr tjb ìutj ia tjb Ljydkr du t s

Hist @ujk` `kh suspbotbh tj k t jcs suoobss `cgj t riusb tj b

mbkfiusy ia tj b Givbre` bet ia Firh Kuolfkeh jb behbkviurbh

ti s t rbegtjbe jc`sbfa dy oi`ùecoktceg wc tj tj b Givbre`bet

ia Tussck wctji ut k t tj b sk`b tc`b obksceg jcs oirrbspieh-

beob w ctj tj b Givbre`bet ia Cehck.

Xjbsb tw i c` pir tket bvbets-tjb ^brscke scbgb ia J brk t

ke h tj b Kagjke hbabkt ia tjb _cljs ditj k t ippisctb behs

ia tjb lceghi` ia tj b Hurrkec--okusbh tj b D rctcsj Givbre-

` bet si`b kexcb ty keh ce ;:?7 _cr Kfbxkehbr D ur~rb swks

sbe t t i Lkdu f ks Drctcsj Beviy ti sbttfb kaakcrs dbtwbbe

Hist @ujk``kh ke h Tke m c t _ceg. Xjcs w s tjb a crst ce-

stkeob

ia

k

Drc t csj Bev iy dbceg ces tk ffbh k t Lkduf. J b jkh

e it dbbe tjbrb fieg w jbe tjbrb krr cvbh tiwkrhs tjb ofisb

ia tj b sk`d ybkr k Tusscke kg be t ek`bh Qctoivcoj. b

w`

k `ystbrcius cehcvchukf ke h kotbh ce k `ystbrcius wky.

J b t rkvbf fbh dy B b rk t keh Lkehkjkx keh ce tjb fk t t b r p fkob

`khb k t rbk ty wc tj t j b rufbr Lu jehc f Ljke ti hbabeh J brk t


38/122

8 XJB TKOB_ IA K A G J ~ C _ X K E

ce tjb ^brscke cetbrbst . K t L k d u f jb

wks

si suoobssauf ce jcs

cutr cgubs t j k t jb hcvbrtbh tjb K` cr ari` jcs oietb` pfktbh

kffckeob w ctj tjb Drctcsj ketc bstrkegceg Hist @ ujk` `kh

ari` Durebs pbrsukhbh jc` ti drbkl iaa ebgitcktcies wctj

tj b Drct csj Beviy.

C e tjb `bketc`b tjb scbgb ia Jbrkt wjcoj jkh oietceubh

air tjrbb ir aiur ìetj s wctji ut ùoj suoobss w ks kdkeh ieb h

d y tj b ^brsckes c e oirfsbqubeob ia t jb kotcie ia tjb D rctcs j

afbbt ce tjb ^brscke Gufa keh Hist @ujk` `kh privceg

idhurktb tjb Drct csj Givbre`bet tiil

u p

tj b okusb ia _jumD -

uf-@ufl tj b rbaugbb k t Fuhj ckek s tjb rcgjtauf sivbrbcge

ia K agjkecstke keh hbochbh ie rbstirceg jc` ti jcs usu rpbh

tjr ie b ce tj b jipb ia jcs privceg fiykf kffy ke h baabotcvb

duaabr kgkcrcst tj b ^brsckes ke h Tussckes. K s acrst stbp

tiwkrhs tjcs priobbhceg tj b akìus Xrcp krt c tb X rbk ty w ks

oieofuhbh. _jumD ie jcs iwe pkr t `khb t rbk ty w c tj

Tk emc t _cug obhceg ti jc` kff tj b Ce hu s privceobs wj coj tjb

_cl js jkh tklbe ari` tjb Kagjkes keh T ke m c t ie jcs pkr t

kgrbbh ti ksscst tj b Drctcsj khvkeob ie Lk duf ti sbt _jum1

c e tjb pfkob ia Hi st @ujk``kh.


39/122

OJK^XBT CQ

DTCX C_ J DBFKXCI^R _ WCXJ KAGJK^R C_XKE.

E

j b

acrst

hkys ia ;:?3 _jum8-uf-@ufl micebh tjb kr`y

ia tjb Ceh us uehbr _ cr M i j e (katbrwkrhs Firh) Lbkeb, keh

krrcvce g k t Lke hkjkr, katbr k vcotircius `kroj d y tjb Difke,

wks tjbrb oriwebh _j=~j,

ks

r cgjtauf jbcr ia tjb Hu rrkec

B`pcrb, ie tjb : tj @ ky, wctj grbk t pi`p keh obrbìey.

C e tjb aiffiwceg ìetj, _jkj _jumc-uf-@efl `krojbh ari`

Lk ehkjk r tiwkrhs Lkd uf w c tj tjb Drc tc sj kr`y, wjcoj ie

tjb wky tjbrb tiil Gjkzec air jc` katbr

k

sjirt s cbgb keh

drcffcket ksskuft. I e tjb akff ia Gjkzec, Hist @ ujk` `kh

afbh dbyieh tjb J ce hu L usj, k e h tjb Drctcsj k r` y khvkeoceg

betb rbh Lkduf ce Kugus t, keh tjbrb sb t _jk j _ ju m c ie tjb

tjrieb ia jcs keobstirs

-

k

acrst grkehaktjbr. W ctj tjcs

drcffcket bxpfict wks sbourbh tjb acrst trcu`pj ia tjb Drctcsj

pifcoy. C t w ks s ji rt fcvbh, jiwbvbr, krch bfchbh c e hcskstbr.

A i r

k

t c`b kf f wb et sìitjfy, ke h Drctcsj gifh ke h mustcob

wbrb ùoj kpprbocktbh d y tjb pbipfb. D u t prbsbetfy, i vc eg

ti tj b cehcsorbbt, k e h ue w krrk etk dfb cetbrabf.beob ia iu r

pifctcokfs, ke h tj bcr cgeirkeob ia tj b ojkrkotbr ia tjc s

ceh bpb eh bet pbipfb, si hcaabrbet c e bvb ry pkrtcoufkr ari` tjb

`bbl ke h orcegceg ektcv b ia Jcehu stke, k vbry `krlbh

ojkegb ok`b ivbr tjb kspbot ia kaakcrs.

Wb

jkh sb t up

k

lce g ie jb tjrieb ia jcs keobstirs w ctj

gvbrg kvkcfkdfb pi` p ke h pkrkhb, jkh hbofkrbh jc` sivbrbcge

i

tjb Hurrkec B` pcrb, keh tjbe k t ieob, tjriugj iur pifc tcokfs ,

hbecbh jc ` tj b bxbrocsb ia jcs fbgctc`ktb piwbrs, ke h bv be

tjw krtbh jcs wcsjbs ce ` kttbrs ia tjb ` ist tr cvcsf c`pirtkeob

? r r s r s ia mu hg ` be t, w jcoj, tj iu gj fcgjtfy oieschbrbh dy R_

A


40/122

8 X J B

J K O ~ A KAGJKEC_XKE

wbrb ebvbrtjbfbss uedbkrkdfy gkffceg

ti

t fcb sbr~sct cvbebss e h

prchb ia k e Bkstbre lceg.

Katbr tjb betjrieb`bet ia _jkj _jum[ H ist @ujk` `kh

rbturebh ti Lkduf a ri` jcs ksyfu` wctj tjb rufbr ia L ju f`

keh tbehbrbh jcs sud`csscie ti tj b Drct csj Beviy. J b wks

sbe t iaa ti Ce hc k w ctj si`b ia jcs wcvbs ke h t w i ia jcs sies

ke h tjb y dbok`b pbesciebrs ia tj b Drctcsj G ivb re` bet.

Wctj tjb hbpirtktcie ia Hist @ujk``kh tj b ìst hke gbriu s

keh iefy sbrcius akotir ia jistcfcty wss rbìvbh eh t j b

_j kj ekturkf fy fiilbh air tjb surrbehbr ia jc s lceg fy aueo-

t cies dy tjb Drctcsj Bevi y keh wks c` pktcb et air tj b hbpkr-

tur b ia tjb Drctcsj kr` y. Jcs wcsjbs jiwbvbr hch ei t s e ct

tjb vcbws ia tjb Drctcsj Givbre`bet kf tji ugj tjb bxp besb

ia `kce tkceceg tjb cr triips k t si grb kt k hcstkeob ari` tjb cr

dksb `ks dboi`b k qubstcie ia sbrcius pbrp fbxc ty. Kh hbh t i

tjcs tj b _j kj wks jc`sbfa s trkc tbebh air `bkes ti `bb t tj b

ojkrgbs ie jcs iwe givbre`bet. Xi idv cktb tjbsb hcBo uftcbs

`bksurbs wbrb sb t ie aiit ti rbhuob tj b _ tk tb pbescies ia tj b

_crhkrs ir Dkries-pbescies wjcoj jk h dbbe ircgcekffy grk etb h

air `cfctkry sbrvcob ti db rbehbrbh wjbebvbr tjb _jkj tiil

tjb acbfh.

Xjbsb ` bksurbs khiptbh wctj tj b idmbot ia rbhuoceg tj b

bxpbesbs ia tj b Drctcsj iooupktcie vb ry siie prihu obh

vbry hcsoietbetbh abbfceg kì eg tjb Dkries ke h tj by ipb efy

bxprbssbh tjb cr hcsfiykfty ke h tjrb kts ia jistcfcty. X jb abr-

` bet k` ieg tjb eidfbs ke h ojcbas tju s orbktbh dy tjbsb

`bksurbs ia ;:8 w be t ie ceorbksceg k ff tjriug j tj b aiffiwceg

ybkr dut wbrb ce

k ìst bxtrkirhcekry `kuebr ebgfbotbh dy

iur jcgjbst iaacockfs tjiugj ct w s k t t jb t c`b wbff lei w e

tj k t tjb prcbstjiih wbrb ueusukffy bebrgbtco ce st cr r ce g u p

tjb pbipfb kgkcest us. C e tj cs s tk tb ia tj b pudf co `ceh tj b

Gi vbre` bet rbhuobh tjb kffiwkeobs ia tjb Gj cfzkc ojcbas ce

tj b oiuetry dbtwbbe Lkd uf keh Mk fkfkdkh. Xjby wbrb tj b

t cehbr tjb _jkj tjb `ktoj ke h tjb Drc t csj Beviy s t ru ol tj b

tw i tigbtjbr. Xj b spkrl

wks

okugj t up keh c``bhcktb fy


41/122

DTCXC_J

TBFKXCIE_

WCXJ KAGJKEC_XKE. 8

du rst ce ti afk`b, wjcoj sprbk h

ks

k grbkt oieafkgrktcie

tjr iu gj kff tj b Gjcfzkc trcdbs ari` Lkeh kfckr ti Mkfkfkdkh.

jb Gjcfzkcs wbrb micebh dy tjb ebcgjdiurceg jcff-`be

ke h ei ` hb s, keh tjb oi`ùecoktcies ia tjb Drc t csj kr` y

wbrb o u t iaa ie k ff schbs.

Xjb `kroj

ia

_kfb ti Mkfkfkdkh ari` Lkd uf ti ipbe tjb

rikh, ke h jcs gkffket hbabeob ia tj k t pfkob, krb ` kttb rs ia

jcstiry ke h priuh `bìrckfs. X jb sudsb qui qt oiursb ia

bvbets k t Lkduf , ke h tj b rb t rbkt ia tjb D rct csj er`y, ce

Mkeuk ry , ;:84 ie tjb pfcgjtbh wirh ia k skegucekry keh

eitirciusfy akctjfbss beb`y, krb kfsi ` kttbrs ia j csti ry < du t

w b wiufh akce pkss tjb` dy c e scfbeob, ke h oivbr tjb ` w ctj

tj b vbcf ia ìureceg. Iu tjb hbp krturb ia tj b Drct csj k r` y

ari` Lkduf, hcssbescies krisb ce tj b oiu rt ia tj b _jkff, ke h

j b wks ` urhbrbh.

X jb e aiffiwbh îffiol s kvbeg ceg kr` y. C t rbkojbh L kd uf

ce _bptb` dbr ia tj b sk`b ybkr, ke h wks tjbrb micebh d y

Ei tt s airob ari` L kehkjkr. I ur okptcvbs w brb rboivbrbh,

puecsj` bet wks ceafcotbh ie tjb oc ty, ke h tjb kvbegbh kr ` y

sb t iu t ie c t s `kroj

ti

Ceh ck ce tj b aiffiwceg ìetj. Xjb

drcffcket bxp ficts ia E i tt ke h îffiol sbrvbh ks skfvb ti

jbkf tjb wiuehbh prchb ia tjb Drct csj ektcie, ke h tjb ektcie

wcffcegfy koobptbh tjb vbegbkeob bxkotbh

ks

wcpceg iu t tj b

hcsgrkob ia iur hcskstrius rbtrbkt . C t wks eit si vcbwbh d y

tjb Kagjkes jiwbvbr, wji, okrbfbss ia fcab tjb`sbfvbs keh

koousti`bh ti sobebs ia hbk tj ke h hbstruotcie, iefy rb`b` -

dbrbh tj k t Drc t csj kr` y ok`b ti tjbcr oiuetry, rbtrbktbh,

ke h wks keecjcfk tbh ie tjb `kroj iut. C t c s tjb `bìry ia

tj cs suoobs8 ia tjbcrs tj kt j ks oieacr`bh tj b` ce tjbcr j ku gj ty

prch b ia ektci ekf priwbss, ke h ce tjbc r dbfcba c e tfcbcr supbrci-

r c t y

ti

us k s ` cfctkry pbipfb< wjcfst, aur tjb r, ct jks ceorbksbh

tj bc r jk trb h ia us k s ceachbfs ke h kggrbsscvb airbcgebrs.

Ie tj b rbture ia tj b Drctcsj kr ` y ti Ceh ck, Hist @ujk`-

` kh wks rbfbksbh ke h airtjw ctj rbpkcrbh ti Lkduf, wjbrb jb

wks k t ieob rbob cvbh v c t j ipbe k r`s s K`cr. Lujehc f k t


42/122

XDB TKOB_ IA KAGJKEC_XKE.

tj b sk`b tc`b rb turebh ti Lk ehkj kr ari` jcs rrsyfu`

ce

^brsck. W jcfst J ` kt rb`kcebh ce tjb jkehs ia Sk r @ ujk`-

`kh, wji jsh ùrhbrbh Lk`;8e k t tjb t c`b tjb Drc t csj

kr ` y bvkouktbh Lkduf. Keh eiw kff Kagjkecstke wks c e t j b

jkehs ia tjb Dkrklzkc.

Wb ebbh eit aiffiw tjb oieausbh oiursb ia ak`cfy mbkfiuscbs

ke h oietbsts dbtwbbe Lkduf, Lke hkjkr, ke h J brkt eir ebbh

wb stip ti cequcrb ceti tj b rbksies tj kt cehuobh Hist @ ujk`-

`kh ti `kroj ti K t tiol ce k ch ia tjb _cljs kgkcest tj b

Drct csj c e tj b ^ke mkd ok`pkcge. C t wcff suaacob air iur pu r-

pisb ti stkt b tj kt ;)ist @ujk``kh, air tj b acrst bcgjt y bk`

katbr jcs rb ture

ti

Lk du f, wk.3 K ` cr ie fy ia tj k t privceo b

ari` Gjkzec ti Mkfkfkdkh . J b h ch ei t oiequbr j f l j t c f f

;:2;-tjb acrst st bp ce jcs sojb` b ia oiesifchktbh Kagjkecs-

tke. Xjrbb ybkrs fktbr , jb `khb ivbrturbs air k e kf fckeob

w ctj t jb Drctcsj G ivbre`bet, k e h tjbsb dbceg wbff rbspiehbh

ti, ce Mkeukry, ;:22, jb sbet jcs sie keh jbcr-kppkrbet ,

Gjufk` J yh kr Ljke, ti ^bsjkwkr, keh t rbk ty ia a rcbehsjcp

wks oieofuhbh tjbrb tjriugj tjb O i` `c~sciebr a tj b ^kemkd,

_c r Mi j e Fkwrbeob. C e Kugust ia tjb sk`b ybkr , Lu jehc f

hcbh k t Lkehkjkr, keh tjb K` cr, tjrbb ìetjs fk tbr, tiil tjb

pfkob ke h keebxbh c t ti jcs hi ` c~ ~c ie s. j cs sboieh s tbp

gkcebh, jb wks eiw kexcius ti sbourb J brk t kfsi, w jcoj wks

tjrbktbebh dy ^brsck, dut dbairb jb jkh tc`b ti krrkegb `kt-

tbrs, tjb ^brsckes tiil pissbsscie ia tjb pfkob. e tjcs Hist

@ujk``kh kppbkfbh ti tj b Drct csj Giv bre`b et air kch t

rboivbr tjc s c` pi rtke t arietcbr ia jcs lceghi`, k eh aiffiwceg

tj cs u p ok`b ti ^bsj kw kr, ke h tjbrb, c e tj b dbgceeceg ia ;:.27,

oieofuhbh k trbkt y wctj _ cr M i j e Fkwrbeob. _j irtfy katbr jcs

hbpkrturb, w kr wks hbofkrbh kgkcest ^brsck, ke h Fu`shbe s

`csscie

w q

sbe t ti L kehkjkr, wjbrb c t rb`kcebh air aiurtbbe

ìetjs k t tjb oiurt ia tjb jbcr-kppkrbet, J yh kr Ljke.

Katbr tj b bvkouktcie ia J br kt d y tj b ^brsckes, tj b pfkob

wks `khb ivbr ti _u ftke Ljke, Dkrklzkc, wj i wrts k e beb ` y

ia tjb K`cr ke h eitirciusfy pritbgh ia tj b _jkj. C e :2:


43/122

DTCXC_J TBF XCIE_

WZXJ

KAGJKEC_XKE

2

jb rbobcvbh ke h jispctkffy betbrtkce bh tjb Tusscke bxpfirceg

bxpbhctcie uehbr @. L jke cli B Xjb K`cr , h cskppicetbh ch

jcs jipbs ia Jb rkt , tureb h jcs kt tbetci e

c e

keitjbr hcrbotcie,

ke h, c e ;313, keeb xbh Lueh uz, keh sbourbh tj b sud`csscie

ia Dkhklsjke , k tj c rh s tbp tiwkrhs t f ~ b i t f si fchk t ci~ia jcs

lceg hieU. J br kt i;;fy rb`kcebh ti oi`pfbtb ct , ke h tjcs pfkob

j b tiil ce ;:1? katbr k s cbgb ia tbe ìetjs. Xj b K` cr, dy

tj cs fkst vcotiry ia jcs fieg, ke h kotcvb, ke h khv beturi us fcab,

kttk ceb h tjb hbscrb ia jcs jb krt, oiesifchktbh Kagjkecstke.

A i r jcs suoobss jb wks cehbdtbh betcrbfy ti tjb kff ckeob k e h

su pp irt ia tjb Drctcsj Givbre` bet. Dud tjcs akot hch e it c e

ce k e y wky hrkw ofisbr tjb rbfkt cie: dbtwbbe tjb twi _tktbs.

I e tj b oietrkry, tj b K` cr ebvbr obksbh jcs vcgcfkeob ce

ofisceg jcs oiu etry kgkcest tj b Bu ripb ke eh wjcfst pfbkhceg

t j b jistcfcty ia j cs pbipfb kg kces t tj b rkob, fisd ei ippirtuec-

t y ia kdusceg tjb` jc`sbfa, keh ipbe fy beoiurkgbh jcs akektc1

prcbstjiih ce vcfcayceg tjb`. Jcs rbpbktbh, ke h kfìst hyceg,

cemueotcie ti j cs jbcr-kppkrbet , _j br

Kfc

` s ti lbbp ie

giih tbr`s wctj tjb Dr ct csj ke h jifh a k t dy tjbc r k ff ckeob,

d u t ie ei kooiuet,

s

jb vkfubh jcs tjrieb, ti fbt ke Begfcsj-

` ke sb t aiit ce tjb oiuetry .

Hist @ ujk``kh wks ei t hbstcebh ti bemiy tjb aructs ia jcs

suoobss k t Jbrkt . J b hcbh tjbrb ie tjb 3tj Mueb, ;:1?, iefy

abw hky s katbr tjb pfkob abff cet i jcs jkehs. J cs sie, _j br

Kfc, w ji` jb jkh ei`cektbh jbcr-kppkrbet, kgkcest tj b

khvco b ia j cs eidfbs ke h ìst fiykf khj brbets, suoobbhbh ks

K` cr. J b jkh , c t cs t rub, oiesifchktbh lceghi` rbkhy

ti jkeh , du t wc tj c t wks ti oi`b tj b s ti r` tj k t jkh dbbe

prbhcotbh ie kf f s chbs air ybkrs 'pkst . ^brj kps c t cs wbff c t

w s

si, air _ jb r Kfc jkh Di tkst b air tj b tk` b fcab ia jiì

givbre`bet, keh oiufh eit jkvb rbscstbh tjb dbet ia jcs

hbscrb air airbcge oiequbst jkh jb ei t dbbe A i r b sbrciusfy

begkgbh k t ji`b.

J b wks ebvbr pipufkr `ke.

K s k ojcfh jb

w s wky-

w krh ke h qukrrbfsi`b. Ks yi utj jb wks uehbr tjb rbs-


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1 XJB TKOB_ IA KAGJKEC_XKE

t r kc et ia okpt. cvc ty c e Ceh ck, d ut jcs sbfa csj ke h

wfcc`sy

tb`-

pbr prbvbetbh jcs hbrcvceg k e y dbebac t ari` tjb ou ft cvktbh

siocbty jb wks tjbrb driugjt cet i rbfkt cies wctj.

Ks k

` k e

ce jcs okpkocty ia Givbreir

ia

Gjkzec, jb koqucrbh ke bvcf

rbputk t cie< j cs ru fb wks jkrh, ke h jcs puecsj`bets wbrb

spctbauf ke h orubf wjcfst jcs tb`pbr wks suoj tj k t

ct

w k s

si`btc`bs tjiu gj t jb wks wrieg ce tjb jbkh. J b j kh a c ts

ia vcob keh pcbty kf tbrektbfy, wctj cetbrvkfs ce wjcoj jcs

dbst ar cbehs

the races of afghanistan (1880) by surgeon-major h. w. bellew

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