The RAB/RCA Ancestral Family Tree

(thanks to A. Jeff Giacomin & R. Byron Bird, Univ. Wisconsin – Madison)

Claude Louis Berthollet

(1748 - 1822)

Jean B. Buquet

( - )

Antoine- Laurent de Lavoisier

(1743 - 1794)

Guillaume Françis Rouelle

(1703 - 1770)

Nicolas Louis de Lacaille

(1713 - 1762) =

Nicolas Lémery (1645 - 1715)

L.C.

Bourdelin (1696 - 1777)

J.G.

Spitzley (ca 1690 – ca 1750) =

Christophle Glaser

(1615 - 1678)

Antoine Vallot

(1594 - 1671)

Nicaise Le Febvre

(ca 1610 - ca 1669) =

William Davison

(1593 - ca 1669)

Jean Herouard (bef 1672 - ca 1672)

Guy de la Brosse (ca 1586 - 1641) =

Jean Robin

(1520 - 1629)

Jacques Gohory

(Leo Suavius)

(1520 - 1576)

Theophrastus von Hohenheim

Philippus Aureolus; Bombastus (Paracelsus)

(1493 - 1541)

William Bombast von Hohenheim

( - )

Johannes Trithemius

(1462 - 1516) =

⁞

Girolamo Fabrici d′Aquapendente

(1533 - 1619)

Giulio Cesare Casseri

(1552 - 1616) =

Johann Friedrich August Göttling (1753 - 1809)

Johann Christian Wiegleb

(1732 - 1800)

Ernst Gottfried Baldinger (1738 - 1804) = Florenz Sartorius ( - )

Christoph Andreas Mangold (1719 - 1767)

Georg Erhardt Hamberger (1697 - 1755)

Johann Adolph Wedel

(1675 - 1747)

Georg Wolfgang Wedel (1645 - 1721)

Werner Rolfinck

(1599 - 1673)

Adriaan van den Spieghel (1578 - 1625)

Girolamo Fabrici

d′Aquapendente

(1533 - 1619)

Gabriele Fallopio

(1523 - 1562)

Antonio Musa

Brasavola (1500 - 1555)

Niccolò da Lonigo

(Leoniceno) (1428 - 1524)

Pelope

(ca 1420/30 - )

Robert Byron Bird

(1924 - )

Joseph Oakland Hirschfelder (1911 - 1990)

Henry Eyring (1911 - 1990) = Eugene Paul Wigner (1902 - 1995)

Michael Polanyi (1891 - 1976)

Georg Bredig

(1868 - 1944)

Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald

(1853 - 1932)

Carl Schmidt (1822 - 1894)

Justus von Liebig

(1803 - 1873)

⁞

George Ernest Gibson (1884 - 1959)

Richard Wilhelm Heinrich Abegg (1869 - 1910) = Otto Richard Lummer (1860 - 1925)

Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand

von Helmholtz (1821 - 1894)

Johannes Peter Müller (1801 - 1858)

Karl A. Rudolphi

(1771 - 1832)

August Wilhelm von Hofmann

(1818 - 1892)

Justus von Liebig

(1803 - 1873)

Joseph Louis Gay Lussac (1778 - 1850) = Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner (1783 - 1857)

Nicolo Tartaglia (Fontana)

(1499 - 1557)

Ostillio Ricci (1540 - 1603)

Galileo Galilei

(1564 - 1642)

Marin Mersenne

(1564 - 1642)

René Descartes (1596 - 1650)

Frans van Schooten (1615 - 1660)

John Wilkins

(1614 - 1672)

Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibnitz (1646 - 1716)

Robert Boyle (1627 - 1691)

Jacob (Jacques) Bernoulli

(1654 - 1705)

Johann Bernoulli (1667 - 1748)

Gabriel Cramer

(1704 - 1752)

Comte de Buffon

(Georges Louis Leclerc) (1707 - 1788)

Christiaan Huygens

(1629 - 1695)

Erhard Weigel

(1625 - 1699) =

Robert Hooke (1635 - 1703)

Nicolas Malebranche (1638 - 1715) =

Louis Jean Marie Daubenton

(1716 - 1800)

Antoine Petit

(1722 - 1794) =

Elias Rudolph

Camerarius Jr. (1673 - 1734)

Elias Rudolph Camerarius Sr.

(1641 - 1695)

Burchard

David

Mauchart (1696 - 1751)

Johannes

Frederick

Gronovius II (1696 - 1751)

Antoine Françis

de Fourcroy (1755 - 1809)

Philipp

Friedrich

Gmelin (1721 - 1768)

Laurent

Theodor

Gronovius II (1730 - 1777)

Nikolaus Joseph

von Jacquin

(1727 - 1817)

Jean Baptiste Michel Bucquet

(1746 - 1780)

Felix Vicq d′Azyr

(1746 - 1794)

=

Pierre Joseph

Macquer (1718 - 1784)

Guillaume

François Rouelle

(1703 - 1770)

=

Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier

(1743 - 1794)

Guillaume

François Rouelle (1703 - 1770)

=

Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin

(1763 - 1829)

Johann Friedrich Gmelin

(1748 - 1804)

=

Friedrich Stromeyer

(1776 - 1835)

Joseph Franz von

Jacquin

(1766 - 1839)

=

⁞

Leopold Gmelin (1788 - 1853)

Friedrich Wühler

(1800 - 1882)

Harmon Northrop Morse

(1848 - 1920)

Harry Clary Jones

(1865 - 1916)

James Newton Pearce (1873 - 1936)

Henry Fraser Johnstone (1902 - 1962)

Robert Lamar Pigford

(1917 - 1988)

Leonard Edward “Skip” Scriven

(1931 - )

Robert Calvin Armstrong (1948 - ) = Robert Arthur Brown (1951 - )

The RAB/RCA Ancestral Family Tree

(thanks to A. Jeff Giacomin & R. Byron Bird, Univ. Wisconsin – Madison)

The RAB/RCA Ancestral Family Tree

(thanks to A. Jeff Giacomin & R. Byron Bird, Univ. Wisconsin – Madison)

Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia

Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia (1499/1500, Brescia – 13 December 1557, Venice) was an Italian mathematician, an engineer (designing

fortifications), a surveyor (of topography, seeking the best means of defense or offense) and a bookkeeper from the then-Republic of Venice

(now part of Italy). He published many books, including the first Italian translations of Archimedes and Euclid, and an acclaimed compilation

of mathematics. Tartaglia was the first to apply mathematics to the investigation of the paths of cannonballs; his work was later validated by

Galileo's studies on falling bodies. He also published a treatise on retrieving sunken ships.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Fontana_Tartaglia

Ostilio Ricci

He was a university professor in Florence at the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno, founded in 1560 by Giorgio Vasari. Ricci is also known

for being Galileo Galilei's teacher. Ricci was Court Mathematician to the Grand Duke Francesco in Florence, in 1580, when Galileo attended

his lectures in Pisa.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostilio_Ricci

Galileo Galilei

Galileo Galilei (Italian pronunciation: [ɡaliˈlɛːo ɡaliˈlɛi]; 15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642), was an Italian physicist, mathematician,

astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. His achievements include improvements to the telescope

and consequent astronomical observations and support for Copernicanism. Galileo has been called the "father of modern observational

astronomy", the "father of modern physics", the "father of science", and "the Father of Modern Science".

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei

Marin Mersenne

Marin Mersenne, Marin Mersennus or le Père Mersenne (8 September 1588 – 1 September 1648) was a French theologian, philosopher,

mathematician and music theorist, often referred to as the "father of acoustics" (Bohn 1988:225). Mersenne was "the center of the world of

science and mathematics during the first half of the 1600s

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marin_Mersenne

René Descartes

René Descartes (French pronunciation: [ʁəne dekaʁt]; Latinized form: Renatus Cartesius; adjectival form: "Cartesian"; 31 March 1596 – 11

February 1650) was a French philosopher, mathematician, and writer who spent most of his adult life in the Dutch Republic. He has been

dubbed the 'Father of Modern Philosophy', and much subsequent Western philosophy is a response to his writings, which are studied closely

to this day. In particular, his Meditations on First Philosophy continues to be a standard text at most university philosophy departments.

Descartes' influence in mathematics is equally apparent; the Cartesian coordinate system — allowing algebraic equations to be expressed as

geometric shapes in a two-dimensional coordinate system — was named after him. He is credited as the father of analytical geometry, the

bridge between algebra and geometry, crucial to the discovery of infinitesimal calculus and analysis. Descartes was also one of the key figures

in the Scientific Revolution and has been described as an example of genius.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes

Frans van Schooten

Van Schooten's father was a professor of mathematics at Leiden, having Christiaan Huygens, Johann van Waveren Hudde, and René de Sluze

as students. an Schooten read Descartes' Géométrie (an appendix to his Discours de la méthode) while it was still unpublished. Finding it hard

to understand, he went to France to study the works of other important mathematicians of his time, such as François Viète and Pierre de

Fermat. When Frans van Schooten returned to his home in Leiden in 1646, he inherited his father's position and one of his most important

pupils, Huygens.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_van_Schooten

Christiaan Huygens

Christiaan Huygens, FRS (/ˈhaɪɡənz/; [ˈɦœyɣə(n)s]; 14 April 1629 – 8 July 1695) was a prominent Dutch mathematician, astronomer,

physicist and horologist. His work included early telescopic studies elucidating the nature of the rings of Saturn and the discovery of its moon

Titan, the invention of the pendulum clock and other investigations in timekeeping, and studies of both optics and the centrifugal force.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens

The RAB/RCA Ancestral Family Tree

(thanks to A. Jeff Giacomin & R. Byron Bird, Univ. Wisconsin – Madison) Erhard Weigel

Erhard Weigel (December 16, 1625 – March 21, 1699) was a German mathematician, astronomer and philosopher. He earned his Ph.D. from

the University of Leipzig. From 1653 until his death he was professor of mathematics at Jena University. He was the teacher of Leibniz in

1663, and other notable students. He also worked to make science more widely accessible to the public, and what would today be considered

a populariser of science. Through Leibniz, Weigel is the intellectual forefather of a long tradition of mathematicians that connects a great

number of professionals to this day. The Mathematics Genealogy Project lists more than 50,000 "descendants" of Weigel's, including

Lagrange, Euler, Poisson and several Fields Medalists.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erhard_Weigel

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (sometimes von Leibniz) (German pronunciation: [ˈɡɔtfʁiːt ˈvɪlhɛlm fɔn ˈlaɪbnɪts] or [ˈlaɪpnɪts]) (July 1, 1646 –

November 14, 1716) was a German mathematician and philosopher. He wrote in several languages, but primarily in Latin (~40%), French

(~30%) and German (~15%). Leibniz occupies a prominent place in the history of mathematics and the history of philosophy. He developed

the infinitesimal calculus independently of Isaac Newton, and Leibniz's mathematical notation has been widely used ever since it was

published. His visionary Law of Continuity and Transcendental Law of Homogeneity only found mathematical implementation in the 20th

century. He became one of the most prolific inventors in the field of mechanical calculators.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_von_Leibnitz

Nicolas Malebranche

Nicolas Malebranche French pronunciation: [nikɔˈl malˈbr ]; ( ugust 1 – 13 October 1715) was a French Oratorian and rationalist

philosopher. In his works, he sought to synthesize the thought of St. Augustine and Descartes, in order to demonstrate the active role of God

in every aspect of the wor ld. Malebranche is best known for his doctrines of Vision in God and Occasionalism. Known by many as "The

Occasional Philosopher" a term coined by David Hume, Malebranche's sworn adversary.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Malebranche

John Wilkins

John Wilkins FRS (1 January 1614 – 19 November 1672) was an English clergyman, natural philosopher and author, as well as a founder of

the Invisible College and one of the founders of the Royal Society, and Bishop of Chester from 1668 until his death. Wilkins is one of the few

persons to have headed a college at both the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge. He was a polymath, although not one of

the most important scientific innovators of the period. His personal qualities were brought out, and obvious to his contemporaries, in reducing

political tension in Interregnum Oxford, in founding the Royal Society on non-partisan lines, and in efforts to reach out to religious

nonconformists. He was one of the founders of the new natural theology compatible with the science of the time.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wilkins

Robert Boyle,

Robert Boyle, FRS, (25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was a 17th-century natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor, also

noted for his writings in theology. He has been variously described as Irish, English and Anglo-Irish, his father having come to Ireland from

England during the time of the Plantations. Although his research clearly has its roots in the alchemical tradition, Boyle is largely regarded

today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry, and one of the pioneers of modern experimental

scientific method. He is best known for Boyle's law, which describes the inversely proportional relationship between the absolute pressure

and volume of a gas, if the temperature is kept constant within a closed system. Among his works, The Sceptical Chymist is seen as a

cornerstone book in the field of chemistry.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Boyle

Robert Hooke

Robert Hooke FRS (28 July [O.S. 18 July] 1635 – 3 March 1703) was an English natural philosopher, architect and polymath. His adult life

comprised three distinct periods: as a scientific inquirer lacking money; achieving great wealth and standing through his reputation for hard

work and scrupulous honesty following the great fire of 1666, but eventually becoming ill and party to jealous intellectual disputes. These

issues may have contributed to his relative historical obscurity.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Malebranche

Jacob Bernoulli

Jacob Bernoulli (also known as James or Jacques) (27 December 1654 – 16 August 1705) was one of the many prominent mathematicians in

the Bernoulli family. Jacob Bernoulli was born in Basel, Switzerland. Following his father's wish, he studied theology and entered the

ministry. But contrary to the desires of his parents, he also studied mathematics and astronomy. He traveled throughout Europe from 1676 to

1682, learning about the latest discoveries in mathematics and the sciences. This included the work of Robert Boyle and Robert Hooke.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Bernoulli

The RAB/RCA Ancestral Family Tree

(thanks to A. Jeff Giacomin & R. Byron Bird, Univ. Wisconsin – Madison)

Gabriel Cramer

Gabriel Cramer (31 July 1704 – 4 January 1752) was a Swiss mathematician, born in Geneva. He showed promise in mathematics from an

early age. At 18 he received his doctorate and at 20 he was co-chair of mathematics. In 1728 he proposed a solution to the St. Petersburg

Paradox that came very close to the concept of expected utility theory given ten years later by Daniel Bernoulli. He published his best-known

work in his forties. This was his treatise on algebraic curves, "Introduction à l'analyse des lignes courbes algébriques", published in 1750. It

contains the earliest demonstration that a curve of the n-th degree is determined by n(n + 3)/2 points on it, in general position. He edited the

works of the two elder Bernoullis; and wrote on the physical cause of the spheroidal shape of the planets and the motion of their apsides

(1730), and on Newton's treat ment of cubic curves (1746). He was professor at Geneva, and died at Bagnols-sur-Cèze. He did extensive

travel throughout Europe in the late 1730s which greatly influenced his works in mathematics.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Cramer

Georges Louis Leclerc, Count of Buffon

Georges Louis Leclerc, Count of Buffon (French pronunciation: [ʒɔʁʒ lwi ləklɛʁ kɔ t də byfɔ ]; 7 September 1707 – 16 April 1788) was a

French naturalist, mathematician, cosmologist, and encyclopedic author. His works influenced the next two generations of naturalists,

including Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Georges Cuvier. Buffon published thirty-six quarto volumes of his Histoire naturelle during his

lifetime; with additional volumes b ased on his notes and further research being published in the two decades following his death. It has

been said that "Truly, Buffon was the father of all thought in natural history in the second half of the 18th century". Buffon held the position

of intendant (director) at the Jardin du Roi, now called the Jardin des Plantes; it is the French equivalent of Kew Gardens.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comte_de_Buffon

Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton

Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton (29 May 1716 – 31 December 1799) was a French naturalist. aubenton's grave in the gardens of the Museum of

Natural History Daubenton was born at Montbard (Côte-d'Or). His father, Jean Daubenton, a notary, intended him for the church, and sent

him to Paris to study theology, but Louis-Jean-Marie was more interested in medicine. Jean's death in 1736 set his son free to choose his own

career, and in 1741 he graduated in medicine at Reims and returned to his hometown, planning to practice as a physician. At about this time,

Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon, also a native of Montbard, was preparing to bring out a multi-volume work on natural history, the Histoire

naturelle, générale et particulière, and in 1742 he invited Daubenton to assi st him by providing anatomical descriptions. In many respects,

the two men were complete opposites, but they worked well in partnership. In 1744, Daubenton became a member of the French Academy of

Sciences as an adjunct botanist, and Buffon appointed him keeper and demonstrator of the king's cabinet in the Jardin du Roi.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Jean-Marie_Daubenton

Félix Vicq-d'Azyr

Félix Vicq d'Azyr (French pronunciation: [feliks vik daziʁ]; 23 April 1746 - 20 June 1794) was a French physician and anatomist, the

originator of comparative anatomy and discoverer of the theory of homology in biology. As an anatomist he was one of the first to use

coronal sections of the brain and to use alcohol to aid dissection. He described the locus coeruleus, the locus niger in the brain, in 1786, and

the band of Vicq d'Azyr, a fiber system between the external granula r layer and the external pyramidal layer of the cerebral cortex, as well

as the Mamillo-thalamic tract, which bears his name. His systematic studies of the cerebral convolutions became a classic and Vicq d'Azyr

was one of the first neuroanatomists to name the gyri. He studied the deep gray nuclei of the cerebrum and the basal ganglia. He participated

in the Second Encyclopedia. Vicq d'Azyr died from uncertain causes on June 20, 1794 during The Terror.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Vicq-d'Azyr

Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier

Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (also Antoine Lavoisier after the French Revolution); 26 August 1743 – 8 May 1794; French pronunciation:

[ t an lɔʁ də lav az e]), the "father of modern chemistry", was a French nobleman prominent in the histories of chemistry and biology. He

named both oxygen (1778) and hydrogen (1783) and helped construct the metric system, put together the first extensive list of elements, and

helped to reform chemical nomenclature. He was also the first to establish that sulfur was an element (1777) rather than a compound. He

discovered that, although matter may change its form or shape, its mass always remains the same.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Laurent_de_Lavoisier

Guillaume François Rouelle

Guillaume François Rouelle (1703–1770) was a French chemist and apothecary. In 1754 he introduced the concept of a base into chemistry,

as a substance which reacts with an acid to give it solid form (as a salt). He is known as l'Aîné (the elder) to distinguish him from his younger

brother, Hilaire Rouelle, who was also a chemist and known as the discoverer of urea. He started a public course in his laboratory in 1738

where he taught many students among whom were Denis Diderot, Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier, Joseph Proust and Antoine-Augustin

Parmentier. He was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1749.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Fran%C3%A7ois_Rouelle

The RAB/RCA Ancestral Family Tree

(thanks to A. Jeff Giacomin & R. Byron Bird, Univ. Wisconsin – Madison) Pierre-Joseph Macquer

Pierre-Joseph Macquer (9 October 1718, Paris – 15 February 1784, Paris) was an influential French chemist. He is known for his Dictionnaire

de chymie (1766). He was also involved in practical applications, to medicine and industry, such as the French development of porcelain. He

was an opponent of Lavoisier's theories. The scholar Phillipe Macquer was his brother. In 1752 Macquer showed that the dye Prussian blue

could be decomposed into an iron salt and a new acid (which eventually was named by others, after the dye, as Prussic acid, and eventually

shown to be hydrogen cyanide). In his 1749 Elemens de Chymie Theorique, Macquer builds on Geoffroy’s 171 affinity table, by devoting a

whole chapter to the topic of chemical affinity:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Joseph_Macquer

Jean-Baptiste-Michel Bucquet

Jean-Baptiste-Michel Bucquet (French pronunciation: [byˈkɛ]; 18 February 1746, Paris – 24 January 1780) was a French chemist, member of the French Royal

Academy of Sciences, physician and royal censor. Bucquet taught a private course in chemistry in his own laboratory prior to becoming professor of chemistry and

natural history in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Paris. His most famous pupil was Antoine-François Fourcroy. .

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Michel_Bucquet

Antoine François Fourcroy

French chemist, the son of an apothecary in the household of the duke of Orleans, was born at Paris on the 15th of June 1755. He took up

medical studies by the advice of the anatomist Félix Vicq d'Azyr (1748-1794), and after many difficulties caused by lack of means finally in

1780 obtained his doctor's diploma. His attention was specially turned to chemistry by J.B.M. Bucquet (1746-1780), the professor of

chemistry at the Medical School of Paris, and in 1784 he was chosen to succeed P.J. Macquer (1718-1784) as lecturer in chemistry at the

college of the Jardin du Roi, where his lectures attained great popularity. He was one of the earliest converts to the views of Lavoisier, which

he helped to promulgate by his voluminous writings, but though his name appears on a large number of chemical and also physiological and

pathological memoirs, either alone or with others, he was rather a teacher and an organizer than an original investigator.

http://www.nndb.com/people/904/000100604/

Nicolas Louis Vauquelin

Nicolas Louis Vauquelin (16 May 1763 – 14 November 1829), was a French pharmacist and chemist. From 1809 he was professor at the

University of Paris. In 1816, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He was elected to the Chamber of

Deputies in 1828. In 1806, working with asparagus, he and Pierre Jean Robiquet (future discoverer of the famous red dye alizarin, then a

young chemist and his assistant) isolated the amino acid asparagine, the first one to be discovered. He also discovered pectin and malic acid in

apples, and isolated camphoric acid and quinic acid.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Nicolas_Vauquelin

Elias Rudolph Camerarius, Sr.

Elias Rudolph Camerarius, Sr. (1641–1695) was a professor of medicine who notably wrote books on the palpitations of the heart, pleurisy, skull fractures, and the use

of medicinal plants. He obtained his Doctor of Medicine (MD) in 1663 at the University of Tübingen.

Elias Rudolph Camerarius, Jr.

Elias Rudolph Camerarius, Jr. (1673-1734): The younger Camerarius was a physician and professor of medicine at the University of Tübingen. Apparently he had an

abiding interest in mysticism and medical esoterica, and was especially opposed to efforts to explain physiological behaviour mechanically. This places him outside the

main line of historical development of the subject, but it does add a welcome splash of colour to my family tree. He obtained his M.D. in 1691, studying under his father.

http://cburrell.wordpress.com/2007/12/28/academic-genealogies-ii/

Burchard David Mauchart

Burchard David Mauchart (1696–1751) was professor of anatomy and surgery at the University of Tübingen, Germany, and a pioneer in the

field of ophthalmology. In 1748 he became one of the first to document the eye disorder now known as keratoconus. His surviving works are

now to be found in the form of theses by his students. He obtained his Lic. Med. degree in 1722 at the University of Tübingen. Mauchart also

studied for two years in Paris from 1718-1720 under the oculist Woolhouse.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burchard_David_Mauchart

Philipp Friedrich Gmelin

Philipp Friedrich Gmelin (1721-1768) was a professor of botany and chemistry. He studied the chemistry of antimony and wrote texts on the

pancreatic ducts, on mineral waters, and on botany. He was a brother of the famous traveler Johann Georg Gmelin, and was the father of the

naturalist Johann Friedrich G melin. He obtained his MD in 1742 at the University of Tübingen under Burchard Mauchart.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Friedrich_Gmelin

The RAB/RCA Ancestral Family Tree

(thanks to A. Jeff Giacomin & R. Byron Bird, Univ. Wisconsin – Madison) Johann Friedrich Gmelin

In 1769, Gmelin became an adjunct professor of medicine at University of Tübingen. In 1773 he became professor of philosophy and adjunct

professor of medicine at University of Göttingen. He was promoted to full professor of medicine and professor of chemistry, botany and

mineralogy in 1778. He died in 1804 in Göttingen. Johann Friedrich Gmelin published several textbooks in the fields of chemistry,

pharmaceutical science, mineralogy and botany. He also published the 13th edition of Systema Naturae by Carolus Linnaeus in 1788.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Gmelin

Friedrich Stromeyer

Friedrich Stromeyer (2 August 1776 – 18 August 1835) was a German chemist. Stromeyer received his degree from the University of

Göttingen in 1800. He was then on the staff of the university and was also an inspector of apothecaries. He received his MD doctorate in

1800 at the University of Göttingen under Johann Friedrich Gmelin and Louis Nicolas Vauquelin. He discovered the element cadmium in

1817 while studying zinc compounds. Cadmium is an impurity in zinc compounds, although represented in very small quantities. He was the

first to recommend starch as a reagent for free iodine and he studied chemistry of arsine and bismuthate salts.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Stromeyer

Laurens Theodorus Gronovius

Laurens Theodorus Gronovius (June 1, 1730 – August 8, 1777), also known as Laurentius Theodorus Gronovius or as Laurens Theodore

Gronow, was a Dutch naturalist who was born in Leiden. He was the son of botanist Jan Frederik Gronovius (1686–1762). Throughout his

lifetime Gronovius amassed an extensive collection of zoological and botanical specimens, and is especially remembered for his work in

ichthyology, where he played a significant role in the classification of fishes. In 1754 he published the treatise Museum ichthyologicum,

where he described over 200 species of fish. He is also credited with developi ng a technique for preservation of fish skins. Today, a

number of these preserved specimens are kept in the Natural History Museum in London. In 1762 he published the second edition of his

father's Flora Virginica exhibens Plantas.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurens_Theodorus_Gronovius

Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin

Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin or Baron Nikolaus von Jacquin. (February 16, 1727 – October 26, 1817) was a scientist who studied

medicine, chemistry and botany. He was born in Leiden in the Netherlands; he studied medicine at Leiden University, but later moved first to

Paris and then Vienna. Between 1755 and 1759, Nikolaus von Jacquin was sent to the West Indies and Central America by Francis I to

collect plants for the Schönbrunn Palace, and amassed a large collection of animal, plant and mineral samples. In 1763, Nikolaus von Jacquin

became Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy in Schemnitz (no Banská Štiavnica in Slovakia). In 17 , he as appointed Professor of

Botany and Chemistry and became director of the botanical gardens of the University of Vienna. For his work, he was knighted in 1774. In

1783, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In 1806 he was made baron.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaus_Joseph_von_Jacquin

Joseph Franz Freiherr von Jacquin

Joseph Franz Freiherr von Jacquin or Baron Joseph von Jacquin. (February 7, 1766, Schemnitz (no Banská Štiavnica), October 2 , 1 9,

Vienna,) was an Austrian scientist who studied medicine, chemistry zoology and botany. Son of Nikolaus von Jacquin he graduated from the

University of Vienna as Doctor of medicine in 1788. Between 1788 and 1791 Jacquin was sent on a scientific journey to Germany, France

and England by Emperor Frances II. He inherited his father’s position as professor of botany and chemistry at the University of Vienna

which he held from 1797 until his retirement in 1838. In 1821, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Franz_von_Jacquin

Leopold Gmelin

Leopold Gmelin (2 August 1788 – 13 April 1853) was a German chemist. Gmelin was the son of Johann Friedrich Gmelin. He studied

medicine and chemistry at Göttingen, Tübingen and Vienna, and in 1813 began to lecture on chemistry at Heidelberg, where in 1814 he was

appointed extraordinary-, and in 1817 ordinary-, professor of chemistry and medicine. He was the discoverer of potassium ferricyanide

(1822), and wrote the Handbuch der Chemie (first edition 1817–1819, 4th ed. 1843–1855), an important work in its day, which was

translated into English for the Cavendish Society by Henry Watts in 1848–1850. He resigned his chair in 1852, leaving Robert Bunsen to

succeed him, and died in Heidelberg.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Gmelin

The RAB/RCA Ancestral Family Tree

(thanks to A. Jeff Giacomin & R. Byron Bird, Univ. Wisconsin – Madison) Friedrich Wöhler Friedrich Wöhler (31 July 1800 – 23 September 1882) was a German chemist, best known for his synthesis of urea, but also the first to

isolate several chemical elements. Wöhler is regarded as a pioneer in organic chemistry as a result of his (accidentally) synthesizing urea in

the Wöhler synthesis in 1828. This discovery has become celebrated as a refutation of vitalism, the hypothesis that living things are alive

because of some special "vital force". However, contemporary accounts do not support that notion. This Wöhler Myth, as historian of science

Peter J. Ramberg called it, originated from a popular history of chemistry published in 1931, which, "ignoring all pretense of historical

accuracy, turned Wöhler into a crusader who made attempt after attempt to synthesize a natural product that would refute vitalism and lift the

veil of ignorance, until 'one afternoon the miracle happened'". Nevertheless, it was the beginning of the end of one popular vitalist

hypothesis, that of Jöns Jakob Berzelius that "organic" compounds could only be made by living things.

Harmon Northrop Morse

Harmon Northrop Morse (October 15, 1848 – September 8, 1920) was an American chemist. Today he is known as the first to have synthesized paracetamol, but this

substance only became widely used as a drug decades after Morse's death. In the first half of the 20th century he was best known for his study of osmotic pressure, for

which he was awarded the Avogadro Medal in 1916. The Morse equation for estimating osmotic pressure is named after him.

Harry Clary Jones

investigated hydrates using conductivity, dissociation, and freezing point lowering measurements, leading to his hydrate theory - in concentrated salt solutions, water

acts not as a solvent but combines with various ions to form a hydrate; first to explain the phenomenon of negative viscosity coefficients; studied absorption spectra of

solutions and their bearing on solvation; prepared cadmium compounds; determined the atomic weights of various elements, such as cadmuim, yttrium, praseodymium,

and neodymium.

http://www.scs.illinois.edu/~mainzv/Web_Genealogy/Info/joneshc.pdf

James Newton Pearce

He studied the properties of electrolytes in non-aqueous solvents, esp. heats of dilution, conductivities, and electromotive forces; investigated the adsorption of gases on

charcoal and metal oxides and its relevance to catalytic reactions such as the formation and decomposition of esters; studied the dissociation of trihalide ions to halide

and halogen in aqueous solution; developed an improved apparatus for measuring boiling point elevations and vapor pressures.

http://www.scs.illinois.edu/~mainzv/Web_Genealogy/Info/pearcejn.pdf

Henry Fraser Johnstone

Henry Johnstone, a native of Georgetown, South Carolina, graduated from the University of the South at Sewanee, Tennessee, in 1923 with a

Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry. He then enrolled in the State University of Iowa from which he received an M.S. in chemistry in

1925 and a Ph.D. in physical chemistry in 1926. Two years later, Johnstone joined the Division of Chemical Engineering of the University of

Illinois as a member of the staff of the Engineering Experiment Station on a cooperative investigation with the Utilities Research Commission

of Chicago to study stack-gas problems related to atmospheric pollution. He became a member of the faculty in Chemical Engineering in

1935 and Head of the Division in 1945.

http://acswebcontent.acs.org/landmarks/landmarks/noyes/johnstone.html

Robert A. Brown

Robert A. Brown (born July 22, 1951) is the 10th president of Boston University. He was formerly the provost of MIT.

He is a chemical engineer by training. A Texas native, he received his B.S. and M.A. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin, and his Ph.D.

from the University of Minnesota in 1979. In 1979, Brown joined the faculty of MIT as assistant professor. He worked at MIT for 25 years before moving across the

Charles River to become the president of Boston University. During his tenure at MIT, he served as co-director of the MIT Supercomputer Facility, Head of the

Department of Chemical Engineering, and Dean of Engineering. In 1998, he became the provost of MIT. Brown was selected as the 10th president of Boston University

in May, 2005. He was inaugurated in September, 2005, succeeding Aram V. Chobanian, who served as President from October 2003 until June 2005. Brown became an

honorary citizen of Singapore in January 2006. In February 2006, President George W. Bush appointed President Brown to the President’s Council of dvisors on

Science and Technology (PCAST), a panel established to maintain a steady stream of expert advice from the private sector and the academic community on a wide

range of scientific and technical matters. Brown is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the American Academy

of Arts and Sciences, and a director of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. He is also a member of the Board of the Aalto University.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Brown

The RAB/RCA Ancestral Family Tree

(thanks to A. Jeff Giacomin & R. Byron Bird, Univ. Wisconsin – Madison) Johannes Trithemius

Johannes Trithemius (1 February 1462 – 13 December 1516), born Johann Heidenberg, was a German abbot, lexicographer, historian,

cryptographer, polymath and occultist who had an influence on later occultism. The name by which he is more commonly known is derived

from his native town of Trittenheim on the Mosel in Germany.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Trithemius

Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim

Paracelsus (born Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim, 11 November or 17 December 1493 – 24 September 1541)

was a German-Swiss Renaissance physician, botanist, alchemist, astrologer, and general occultist. He is also credited for giving zinc its name,

calling it zincum, and is regarded as the first systematic botanist. "Paracelsus", meaning "equal to or greater than Celsus", refers to the Roman

encyclopedist Aulus Cornelius Celsus from the 1st century, known for his tract on medicine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus

Jacques Gohory

Schooling: Paris; Unknown, LD Gohory studied poetry, music, and the like at the College de Sainte-Barbe. Apparently he began his higher education in Paris, and then

went to some provincial university, which is unknown, to study law. From his status as an avocat to the Parlement I have assumed the legal degree, and I also assume a

B.A. or its equivalent. Later on, after his diplomatic career, he pursued the occult arts including alchemy, as well as natural history.

http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/gohory.html

Jean Robin

(1550–1629), French botanist, herbalist, and gardener. He constructed a garden at the downstream end of the Île de la Cité in Paris. The garden was at first named after

Henri IV, who had commissioned it, but since the early seventeenth century it has been known as Place Dauphine; the dauphin was Henri IV's son, the future Louis XIII.

The garden was used to develop and display Robin's collection of ornamental plants, many of which were illustrated (as botanical designs for needlework) in Pierre

Vallet's florilegium of 1608 (Le Jardin du roi très chrétien Henri IV), which illustrated the plants on 75 plates. Robin grew the first false acacia in Europe from seeds

collected in Virginia, and so became the eponym of Robinia pseudoacacia; he also popularized the tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa), and this interest in scented flowers led

eventually to his (anonymous) publication of the Histoire des plantes aromatiques. He also published catalogues of his plants (Catalogus stirpium) in 1601 and 1619.

http://www.answers.com/topic/jean-robin#ixzz1yn9Hjovq

Guy de La Brosse

Guy de La Brosse (1586 – 1641 in Paris), was a French botanist, doctor, and pharmacist. A physician to King Louis XIII of France, he is also

notable for the creation of a major botanical garden of medicinal herbs, which was commissioned by the king. This garden, the Jardin des

Plantes (originally Jardin du Roi) was the first botanical garden in Paris.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_de_la_Brosse

Nicasius le Febure

Le Febure was born and educated in Sedan, going to the Academy there. Vallot, first physician to Louis XIV, appointed him demonstrator of chemistry at the Jardin du

Roi, Paris; Diarist John Evelyn is recorded as having attended a course of his lectures there in February 1647. In 1660 he was appointed Professor of Chemistry to

Charles II of England in 1660, Apothecary in Ordinary to the Royal Family in 1660 and manager of the laboratory at St James's Palace, London. It is believed he became

a naturalised English citizen in 1682. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) on 20th May, 1663. He died in the Parish of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, London,

in the spring of 1669. There exists an engraved portrait of him.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicasius_le_Febure

Christopher Glaser

He was a native of Basel, became demonstrator of chemistry, as successor of Lefebvre, at the Jardin du Roi in Paris, and apothecary to Louis XIV and to the duke of

Orléans. He is best known through his Traité de la chymie (Paris, 1663), which went through some ten editions in about twenty-five years, and was translated into both

German and English. It has been alleged that he was an accomplice in the notorious poisonings carried out by Madame de Brinvilliers, but the extent of his complicity in

providing Godin de Sainte-Croix poison in the Affair of the Poisons is doubtful. He appears to have died before 1676. The sal polychrestum Glaseri is normal potassium

sulfate which Glaser prepared and used medicinally. The mineral K3Na(SO4) 2 (Glaserite) is named after him.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Glaser

Nicolas Lémery

Nicolas Lémery (November 17, 1645 – June 19, 1715), French chemist, was born at Rouen. He was one of the first to develop theories on

acid-base chemistry. After learning pharmacy in his native town he became a pupil of Christophe Glaser in Paris, and then went to

Montpellier, where he began to lecture on chemistry. He next established a pharmacy in Paris, still continuing his lectures, but following

1683, being a Calvinist, he was obliged to retire to England. In the following year he returned to France, and turning Catholic in 1686 was

able to reopen his shop and resume his lectures. He died in Paris on the 19th of June 1715.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9mery

The RAB/RCA Ancestral Family Tree

(thanks to A. Jeff Giacomin & R. Byron Bird, Univ. Wisconsin – Madison) Guillaume François Rouelle

Guillaume François Rouelle (1703–1770) was a French chemist and apothecary. In 1754 he introduced the concept of a base into chemistry,

as a substance which reacts with an acid to give it solid form (as a salt). He is known as l'Aîné (the elder) to distinguish him from his younger

brother, Hilaire Rouelle, who was also a chemist and known as the discoverer of urea. He started a public course in his laboratory in 1738

where he taught many students among whom were Denis Diderot, Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier, Joseph Proust and Antoine-Augustin

Parmentier. He was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1749.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Fran%C3%A7ois_Rouelle

Nicolas Louis de Lacaille

Abbé Nicolas Louis de Lacaille (15 March 1713 – 21 March 1762) was a French astronomer. He is noted for his catalogue of nearly 10,000

southern stars, including 42 nebulous objects. This catalogue, called Coelum Australe Stelliferum, was published posthumously in 1763. It

introduced 14 new constellations which have since become standard. He also calculated a table of eclipses for 1800 years. In honor of his

contribution to the study of the southern hemisphere sky, a 60-cm telescope at Reunion Island will be named the La Caille Telescope.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Louis_de_Lacaille

Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier

Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (also Antoine Lavoisier after the French Revolution); 26 August 1743 – 8 May 1794; French pronunciation:

[ t an lɔʁ də lav az e]), the father of modern chemistry", was a French nobleman prominent in the histories of chemistry and biology. He

named both oxygen (1778) and hydrogen (1783) and helped construct the metric system, put together the first extensive list of elements, and

helped to reform chemical nomenclature. He was also the first to establish that sulfur was an element (1777) rather than a compound. He

discovered that, although matter may change its form or shape, its mass always remains the same. He was an administrator of the "Ferme

Générale" and a powerful member of a number of other aristocratic councils. All of these political and economic activities enabled him to

fund his scientific research. At the height of the French Revolution, he was accused by Jean-Paul Marat of selling watered-down tobacco, and

of other crimes and was eventually guillotined a year after Marat's death. Benjamin Franklin was familiar with Antoine, as they were both

members of the "Benjamin Franklin inquiries" into Mesmer and animal magnetism.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier

Claude Louis Berthollet

Claude Louis Berthollet was born in Talloires, near Annecy, then part of the Duchy of Savoy, in 1749. Berthollet, along with Antoine

Lavoisier and others, devised a chemical nomenclature, or a system of names, which serves as the basis of the modern system of naming

chemical compounds. He also carried out research into dyes and bleaches, being first to introduce the use of chlorine gas as a commercial

bleach in 1785. He also determined the composition of ammonia. Berthollet was one of the first chemists to recognize the characteristics of a

reverse reaction, and hence, chemical equilibrium. Potassium chlorate (KClO3), a strong oxidizer, is known as Berthollet's Salt.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Louis_Berthollet

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (pronounced: [ʒɔsɛf lwi ɡɛlysak]; also Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac, 6 December 1778 – 9 May 1850) was a French

chemist and physicist. He is known mostly for two laws related to gases, and for his work on alcohol-water mixtures, which led to the degrees

Gay-Lussac used to measure alcoholic beverages in many countries.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Louis_Gay_Lussac

Niccolò Leoniceno

Niccolò Leoniceno (1428–1524), also known as Nicolo Leoniceno, Nicolaus Leo ninus, Nicolaus Leonicenus of Vicenza, Nicolaus

Leonicenus Vicentinus, Nicolo Lonigo, Nicolò da Lonigo da Vincenza, was an Italian physician and humanist. Leoniceno was born in Lonigo,

Veneto, the son of a doctor. He studied Greek in Vicenza under Ognibene da Lonigo (in Latin: Omnibonus Leonicenus) (Lonigo, 1412 –

Vicenza, 1474). Around 1453 he graduated at the University of Padua, where he studied medicine and philosophy under Pietro Roccabonella

Veneziano (†1491). In 14 4, after completing his doctorate, he moved to the University of Ferrara where he taught mathematics, philosophy

and medicine. His students there included Antonio Musa Brassavola.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Leoniceno

The RAB/RCA Ancestral Family Tree

(thanks to A. Jeff Giacomin & R. Byron Bird, Univ. Wisconsin – Madison) Antonio Musa Brassavola

Antonio Musa Brassavola (variously spelled Brasavoli, Brasavola, or Brasavoli, January 16, 1500–1555) was an Italian physician and one of

the most famous of his time. He studied under Niccolò Leoniceno and Manardi. He was the friend and physician of Ercolo II, the prince of

Este. He was also the consulting physician of Kings Francis I, Charles V, Henry VIII and Popes Paul III, Leo X, Clement VIII and Julius III.

He performed the first successful tracheotomy, and published an account of it in 1546. He was the chair of philosophy in Ferrara and also

studied botany and medicine. A genus of orchid, called Brassavola, is named after him.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Musa_Brassavola#cite_note-2

Gabriele Falloppio

Gabriele Falloppio (1523 – October 9, 1562), often known by his Latin name Fallopius, was one of the most important anatomists and

physicians of the sixteenth century. He was born at Modena and died at Padua. His family was noble but very poor and it was only by a hard

struggle he succeeded in obtaining an education. Financial difficulties led him to join the clergy, and in 1542, he became a canon at Modena's

cathedral. He studied medicine at the University of Ferrara, at that time one of the best medical schools in Europe. He received his MD in

1548 under the guidance of Antonio Musa Brassavola. After taking his degree he worked at various medical schools and then became

professor of anatomy at Ferrara, in 1548. Girolamo Fabrici was one of his famous students. He was called the next year to the University of

Pisa, then the most important university in Italy. In 1551 Falloppio was invited by Cosimo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany, to occupy the chair of

anatomy and surgery at the University of Padua. He also held the professorship of botany and was superintendent of the botanical gardens.

Though he died when less than forty, he had made his mark on anatomy for all time.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriele_Falloppio

Girolamo Fabrizi d'Acquapendente

Hieronymus Fabricius or Girolamo Fabrizio or by his Latin name Fabricus ab Aquapendente also Girolamo Fabrizi d'Acquapendente (1537–

1619) was a pioneering anatomist and surgeon known in medical science as "The Father of Embryology."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girolamo_Fabrici

Giulio Cesare Casseri

Adriaan van den Spiegel

Adriaan van den Spiegel, name sometimes written as Adrianus Spigelius (1578 – 7 April 1625) was a Flemish anatomist who was born in

Brussels. For much of his career he practiced medicine in Padua, and is considered one of the great physicians associated with that city. At

Padua he studied anatomy under Girolamo Fabrici. His best written work on anatomy is De humani corporis fabrica libri X tabulis aere icisis

exornati which was published posthumously in 1627. He borrowed the title from De humani corporis fabrica, written by his fellow

countryman, Vesalius, who had also studied in Padua. The book was intended as an update in medical thinking (a century later) about

anatomy. In his 1624 treatise De semitertiana libri quatuor, he gives the first comprehensive description of malaria. Also an uncommon hernia

of the abdominal wall that he first described is called a Spigelian hernia. Spiegel also did work as a botanist. The genus Spigelia which has six

species, is named after him. Traditionally, the rhizome and roots of Spigelia marilandica were used as a cure for intestinal parasites.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriaan_van_den_Spiegel

Werner Rolfink

Werner Rolfink was a German physician, scientist and botanist. He was a medical student in Leiden, Oxford, Paris, and Padua. Rolfink earned his master's degree at the

University of Wittenberg under Daniel Sennert, and his MD in 1625 at the University of Padua under the guidance of Adriaan van den Spiegel. In 1629, he became a

professor at the University of Jena,[2] where he rearranged and expanded the university's botanical garden (the Botanischer Garten Jena). His experimental research

involved chemical reactions and the biochemistry of metals. He rejected the view that other metals could be transformed into gold.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Rolfinck

Georg Wolfgang Wedel

Georg Wolfgang Wedel (12 November 1645 – 6 September 1721) was a German professor of surgery, botany, theoretical and practical

medicine, and chemistry. Wedel was born in Golßen, Niederlausitz, and received his Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Jena

in 1669. He published research on alchemy and harmaceutical chemistry. He studied the plating of copper onto iron using a solution of copper

sulfate and volatile salts obtained from plants. Wedel also invented new medicines and produced a translated German edition of the Greek

Bible. Wedel's sons, Ernst Heinrich Wedel (1 August 1671 – 13 April 1709) and Johann Adolph Wedel (1675–1747) were also physicians.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Wolfgang_Wedel

The RAB/RCA Ancestral Family Tree

(thanks to A. Jeff Giacomin & R. Byron Bird, Univ. Wisconsin – Madison) Johann Adolph Wedel

Johann Adolph Wedel (1675–1747) was a German professor of medicine. Wedel was the son of Georg Wolfgang Wedel, also a physician. He received his Doctor of

Medicine degree from the University of Jena in 1697. He published research works on camphor, fermentation, magnesium carbonate, the combustion of sulfur, and

various medical issues.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Adolph_Wedel

Georg Erhard Hamberger

Georg Erhard Hamberger (21 December 1697 – 1755) was a German professor of medicine, surgery, and botany. Hamberger was born in Jena, Germany, and received

his Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Jena in 1721. He studied the physiology of respiration, especial with respect to breathing. He authored a textbook

on physiology, covering the thorax muscles, intercostal muscles, and pleural sac. He also studied the reaction of camphor and nitric acid. His writings included the study

of gravitation and the ascension of gases.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Erhard_Hamberger

Christoph Andreas Mangold

Christoph Andreas Mangold (1719–1767) was a German professor of anatomy at the University of Jena, who also studied chemistry. Christoph Mangold received his

Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Erfurt in 1751. Mangold is known for his studies of gunpowder and cinnabar as well as the idea that medical

diagnosis should be based upon symptoms, laboratory tests, and comparisons with other patients. He was notably the advisor of Ernst Gottfried Baldinger.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_Mangold

Ernst Gottfried Baldinger

Ernst Gottfried Baldinger (13 May 1738 – 21 January 1804), German physician, was born near Erfurt. He studied medicine at Erfurt, Halle

and Jena, earning his MD in 1760 under the guidance of Christoph Mangold and in 1761 was entrusted with the superintendence of the

military hospitals connected with the Prussian encampment near Torgau. He published a treatise in 1765, De Militum Morbis, which met with

a favourable reception. In 1768, he became professor of medicine at Jena, which he left in 1773 for Göttingen, and in 1785 he moved to

Marburg, where he died of apoplexy on 21 January 1804. Among his pupils were Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring, Johann Friedrich

Blumenbach, and Johann Christian Wiegleb. He wrote approximately 84 separate treatises, in addition to numerous papers scattered through

various collections and journals. He corresponded with the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Gottfried_Baldinger

Johann Christian Wiegleb

Johann Christian Wiegleb (1732-1800) was a notable German druggist and early innovator of chemistry as a science. He was notably the teacher of Johann Friedrich

August Gottling.

Johann Friedrich August Göttling

Johann Friedrich August Göttling (1753-1809) was a notable German chemist. He received his Apothecary degree in 1775 at Langensalza under Johann Christian

Wiegleb. Gottling developed and sold chemical assay kits and studied processes for extracting sugar from beets, to supplement his meagre university salary. He studied

the chemistry of sulphur, arsenic, phosphorus, and mercury. He wrote texts on analytical chemistry and studied oxidation of organic compounds by nitric acid. He was

one of first in Germany to take a stand against the phlogiston hypothesis and for the new chemistry of Lavoisier. He was notably the teacher of Karl Wilhelm Gottlob

Kastner.

Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner

Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner (October 31, 1783 – July 13, 1857) was a German chemist and natural scientist. Kastner received his doctorate in 1805 under the

guidance of Johann Gottling and began lecturing at the University of Jena. He moved on to the University of Heidelberg and became professor at the University of Halle

in 1812. In 1818 he relocated to the University of Bonn. Again he moved on, partly for political reasons, to the University of Erlangen, where he remained for the

remainder of his professional life. Liebig, who had come to Bonn to study with Kastner, followed him to Erlangen and received his doctorate in 1822. Many of Kastner's

academic positions required not only the teaching of chemistry, but also mathematics, zoology, physics, mineralogy, geology, and pharmacy. Kastner is best known

today as the teacher of chemist Justus von Liebig.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Wilhelm_Gottlob_Kastner

Justus Freiherr von Liebig

Justus Freiherr von Liebig (12 May 1803 – 18 April 1873) was a German chemist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological

chemistry, and worked on the organization of organic chemistry. As a professor, he devised the modern laboratory-oriented teaching method,

and for such innovations, he is regarded as one of the greatest chemistry teachers of all time. He is known as the "father of the fertilizer

industry" for his discovery of nitrogen as an essential plant nutrient, and his formulation of the Law of the Minimum which described the

effect of individual nutrients on crops. He also developed a manufacturing process for beef extracts, and founded a company, Liebig Extract

of Meat Company, that later trademarked the Oxo brand beef bouillon cube.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justus_von_Liebig

August Wilhelm von Hofmann

Hofmann was born at Gießen, Grand Duchy of Hesse. Not intending originally to devote himself to physical science, he first took up the study

of law and philology at Göttingen. But he then turned to chemistry, and studied under Justus von Liebig at University of Giessen. When, in

1845, a school of practical chemistry was started in London, under the style of the Royal College of Chemistry, Hofmann, largely through the

influence of the Prince Consort, was appointed its first director. It was with some hesitation that he, then a Privatdozent at Bonn, accepted the

position, which may well have seemed rather a precarious one; but the difficulty was removed by his appointment as extraordinary professor

at Bonn, with leave of absence for two years, so that he could resume his career in Germany if his English proved unsatisfactory. Fortunately

the college was more or less successful, owing largely to his enthusiasm and energy, and many of the men who were trained there

subsequently made their mark in chemical history. In 1864 he returned to Bonn, and in the succeeding year he was selected to succeed Eilhard

Mitscherlich as professor of chemistry and director of the laboratory in Berlin University.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Wilhelm_von_Hofmann

The RAB/RCA Ancestral Family Tree

(thanks to A. Jeff Giacomin & R. Byron Bird, Univ. Wisconsin – Madison) Richard Wilhelm Heinrich Abegg

Richard Wilhelm Heinrich Abegg (January 9, 1869 – April 3, 1910) was a German chemist and pioneer of valence theory. He proposed that

the difference of the maximum positive and negative valence of an element tends to be eight. This has come to be called Abegg's rule. He was

a gas balloon enthusiast, which caused his death at the age of 41 when he crashed in his balloon in Schlesien. Abegg received his PhD on July

19, 1891 under August Wilhelm von Hofmann at the University of Berlin. Abegg learned organic chemistry from Hofmann, but one year after

finishing his PhD degree turned to physic al chemistry while studying with Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald in Leipzig, Germany. Abegg later

served as private assistant to Walther Nernst at the University of Göttingen and to Svante Arrhenius at the University of Stockholm. He

discovered the theory of freezing-point depression and anticipated Gilbert Newton Lewis' octet rule by pointing out that the lowest and

highest oxidation states of elements often differ by eight. He researched many topics in physical chemistry, including freezing points, the

dielectric constant of ice, osmotic pressures, oxidation potentials, and complex ions.

Karl Asmund Rudolphi

Karl Asmund Rudolphi (July 14, 1771 – November 29, 1832) was a Swedish-born naturalist, who is credited with being the "father of

helminthology". Rudolphi was born in Stockholm to German parents. He was awarded his doctorate in 1795, from the University of

Greifswald, where he was appointed Professor of Anatomy. He worked widely across the fields of botany, zoology, anatomy and physiology.

He investigated the anatomy of nerves, carried out studies of plant growth and was an early champion of the view that the cell is the basic

structural unit of plants. In 1804, Karl Rudolphi, along with D.H.F. Link were awarded the prize for "solving the problem of the nature of

cells" by the Königliche Societät der Wissenschaft (Royal Society of Science), Göttingen, for proving that cells had independent rather than

common walls.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Rudolphi

Johannes Peter Müller

Johannes Peter Müller (14 July 1801 – 28 April 1858), was a German physiologist, comparative anatomist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist,

known not only for his discoveries but also for his ability to synthesize knowledge. He became Privatdozent of physiology and comparative at

Bonn in 1824, extraordinary professor of physiology in 1826, and ordinary professor in 1830. In 1833 he went to the Humboldt University of

Berlin, where he filled the chair of anatomy and physiology until his death.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Peter_M%C3%BCller

Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz

Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (August 31, 1821 – September 8, 1894) was a German physician and physicist who made

significant contributions to several widely varied areas of modern science. In physiology and psychology, he is known for his mathematics of

the eye, theories of vision, ideas on the visual perception of space, color vision research, and on the sensation of tone, perception of sound,

and empiricism. In physics, he is known for his theories on the conservation of energy, work in electrodynamics, chemical thermodynamics,

and on a mechanical foundation of thermodynamics. As a philosopher, he is known for his philosophy of science, ideas on the relation

between the laws of perception and the laws of nature, the science of aesthetics, and ideas on the civilizing power of science. The largest

German association of research institutions, the Helmholtz Association, is named after him.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Ludwig_Ferdinand_von_Helmholtz

Otto Richard Lummer

Otto Richard Lummer (July 17, 1860–July 5, 1925) was a German physicist and researcher.[1] He was born in the city of Gera, Germany. With Leon Arons, Lummer

helped to design and build the Arons–Lummer mercury-vapor lamp.[2] Lummer primarily worked in the field of optics and thermal radiation. Lummer's findings, along

with others, on black body radiators led Max Planck to reconcile his earlier Planck's law of black-body radiation by introducing the quantum hypothesis in 1900.[3]

Lummer died in Breslau.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Lummer

George Ernest Gibson

George Ernest Gibson (November 9, 1884– August 26, 1959) was a Scottish born American nuclear chemist. George Ernest Gibson was born Edinburgh, Scotland and

educated partly in Germany where attended a gymnasium in Darmstadt, finishing his schooling in Edinburgh. He studied chemistry at the University of Edinburgh

receiving his B.Sc. in 1906. He worked with Otto Lummer at the University of Breslau where he received his Ph.D in 1911, and stayed there as lecturer for two

additional years before returning to the University of Edinburgh in 1912. In 1913 he became Professor at the University of California, Berkeley. Two of his students

were awarded a Nobel Prize in Chemistry, William Giauque and Glenn T. Seaborg. In 1927 he stayed a year with Walter Heitler in Heidelberg. He retired in 1954 and

died in 1959.

Henry Eyring

Henry Eyring (February 20, 1901 – December 26, 1981) was a Mexican-born American theoretical chemist whose primary contribution was

in the study of chemical reaction rates and intermediates. A prolific writer, he authored more than 600 scientific articles, ten scientific books,

and a few books on the subject of science and religion. He received the Wolf Prize in Chemistry in 1980 and the National Medal of Science in

1966 for developing the Absolute Rate Theory or Transition state theory of chemical reactions, one of the most important developments of

20th-century chemistry. Several other chemists later received the Nobel prize for work based on it, and his failure to receive the Nobel prize

was a matter of surprise to many. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences apparently did not understand Eyring's theory until it was too late

to award him the Nobel; the academy awarded him the Berzelius Medal in 1977 as partial compensation. Sterling M. McMurrin believed he

should have received the Nobel Prize but was not awarded it because of his religion. He was also elected president of the American Chemical

Society in 1963 and the Association for the Advancement of Science in 1965.

The RAB/RCA Ancestral Family Tree

(thanks to A. Jeff Giacomin & R. Byron Bird, Univ. Wisconsin – Madison) Carl Ernst Heinrich Schmidt

Carl Ernst Heinrich Schmidt (13 June 1822 - 27 February 1 94), also kno n in Russia as arl Genrikhovich Schmidt (Russian:

) was a Livonian chemist. He determined the typical crystallization patterns of many important biochemicals such as uric

acid, oxalic acid and its salts, lactic acid, cholesterin, stearin, etc. He analyzed muscle fiber and chitin. He showed that animal and plant cell

constituents are chemically similar and studied reactions of calcium albuminates. He studied alcoholic fermentation and the chemistry of

metabolism and digestion. He discovered hydrochloric acid in gastric juice and its chemical interaction with pepsin. He studied bile and

pancreatic juices. Some of this work was done with Friedrich Bidder. He studied chemical changes in blood associated with cholera,

dysentery, diabetes, and arsenic poisoning. Schmidt received his PhD in 1844 from the University of Gießen under Justus von Liebig. In 1845

he first announced the presence in the test of some Ascidians of what he called "tunicine", a substance very similar to cellulose. Tunicine now

is regarded as cellulose and correspondingly a remarkable substance to find in an animal. In 1850 Schmidt had been named Professor of

Pharmacy at Dorpat and in 1851 he was appointed Professor of Chemistry in the mathematical and physical division on the University of

Dorpat. He was a corresponding member (1873) of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences (today Russian Academy of Sciences). He was

the president of the Estonian Naturalists' Society in 1894. Schmidt is notable as the PhD advisor of the Nobel Prize winner Wilhelm Ostwald.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Schmidt_(chemist)

Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald

Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald (Latvian: Vilhelms Ostvalds; 2 September 1853 – 4 April 1932) was a Baltic German chemist. He received the

Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909 for his work on catalysis, chemical equilibria and reaction velocities. Ostwald, Jacobus Henricus van 't

Hoff, and Svante Arrhenius are usually credited with being the modern founders of the field of physical chemistry.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Ostwald

Georg Bredig

Georg Bredig (October 1, 1868, Glogau, Niederschlesien, Silesia Province – April 24, 1944, New York) was a German physicochemist (Physikochemist).

He taught at the Karlsruhe University (1911–1933). Handbuch der Angewandten Physikalischen Chemie, Seinen Freunden zur Erinnerung, 1938 (Autobiography)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Bredig

Michael Polanyi

Michael Polanyi, FRS (March 11, 1891 – February 22, 1976) was a Hungarian–British polymath, who made important theoretical

contributions to physical chemistry, economics, and philosophy. He argues that positivism gives a false account of knowing, which, if taken

seriously, undermines our highest achievements as human beings.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Polanyi

Eugene Paul "E. P." Wigner

Eugene Paul E. P. Wigner (Hungarian Wigner Jenő Pál; November 17, 1902 – January 1, 1995) FRS was a Hungarian American theoretical

physicist and mathematician. He received a share of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic

nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles"; the other half

of the award was shared between Maria Goeppert-Mayer and J. Hans D. Jensen. Wigner is important for having laid the foundation for the

theory of symmetries in quantum mechanics as well as for his research into the structure of the atomic nucleus. It was Eugene Wigner who

first identified Xe-135 "poisoning" in nuclear reactors, and for this reason it is sometimes referred to as Wigner poisoning. Wigner is also

important for his work in pure mathematics, having authored a number of theorems.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Paul_Wigner

Joseph Oakland Hirschfelder

Joseph Oakland Hirschfelder (May 27, 1911–March 30, 1990) was an American physicist who participated in the Manhattan Project and in the creation of the nuclear

bomb. Hirschfelder was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, a group leader in theoretical physics and ordnance at the Los Alamos Atomic Bomb

Laboratory, chief phenomenologist at the nuclear bomb tests at Bikini, the founder of the Theoretical Chemistry Institute and the Homer Adkins professor emeritus of

chemistry at the University of Wisconsin. Hirschfelder was also a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was awarded the National Medal of

Science from President Gerald Ford “for his fundamental contributions to atomic and molecular quantum mechanics, the theory of the rates of chemical reactions, and

the structure and properties of gases and liquids.” The National Academies Press called him "one of the leading figures in theoretical chemistry during the period 1935-

90"." In 1991 an award was established in his name by the University of Wisconsin's Theoretical Chemistry Institute - the annual Joseph O. Hirschfelder Prize in

Theoretical Chemistry.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Oakland_Hirschfelder

Robert Byron Bird

Robert Byron Bird (born February 5, 1924, Bryan, Texas) is a Chemical Engineer and Professor Emeritus in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University

of Wisconsin-Madison. He is known for his research in Transport phenomena of Non-Newtonian fluids, including fluid dynamics of polymers, polymer kinetic theory,

and rheology. He, along with Warren E. Stewart and Edwin N. Lightfoot, is an author of the classic textbook Transport Phenomena. Bird was a recipient of the National

Medal of Science in 1987.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Byron_Bird