• The purpose urine studies is to identify variation in substances normally found in the urine.

• Diseases of several organs and systems can alter the composition of urine.

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• Urine is formed in the kidneys, is a product of ultra filtration of plasma by the renal glomeruli.

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Urine

• Urine is a liquid by-product of the body secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination.

Prepared by Abeer Alhabash

Prepared by Abeer Alhabash

Prepared by Abeer Alhabash

Examination PhysicalExamination Physical

Prepared by Abeer Alhabash

Prepared by Abeer Alhabash

− Ammonia-like (Urea-splitting bacteria)− Foul, offensive Old specimen, pus or

inflammation− Sweet Glucose− Fruity Ketones

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• Urine always transparent.•Sometimes it change because :•The presence of inflammation in the genital tract caused by some types of fungi.•Increase the amount of salt in the urine.•Increase the amount of epithelial cells.

Prepared by Abeer Alhabash

Prepared by Abeer Alhabash

Chemical AnalysisChemical AnalysisUrine Urine

DipstickDipstickGlucoseGlucose

BilirubinBilirubin

KetonesKetones

Specific GravitySpecific Gravity

BloodBlood

pHpH

ProteinProtein

UrobilinogenUrobilinogen

NitriteNitrite

Leukocyte EsteraseLeukocyte Esterase

Prepared by Abeer Alhabash

Prepared by Abeer Alhabash

Coagulation TestAim of work

Detection of protein in the urine.

Materials

UrineGlacial acetic acid 10%

Water bath Test tubes

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put 5 ml of urine in tube.

Put 2-3 drops of Glacial acetic acid 10%

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insoluble

soluble

Albumin is present

Amorphous phosphate

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Test for glucose

put 5 ml of fehling in tube put 8 of urine in tube

For 2 min

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