the protists today’s focus – animal-like by evil evil evil mr. bleecker you know, the guy who...
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The ProtistsThe ProtistsToday’s Focus – Animal-Today’s Focus – Animal-
LikeLike
The ProtistsThe ProtistsToday’s Focus – Animal-Today’s Focus – Animal-
LikeLikeBy Evil Evil Evil Mr. BleeckerBy Evil Evil Evil Mr. Bleecker
You Know, the Guy who Marks all your work You Know, the Guy who Marks all your work
Protists – Unicellular Eukaryotes
Protists• Plant-like• Animal-like• Fungi-like• Resemble other Kingdoms• Belong to None of them• E.g.. A plant cell with no cell wall that
swims around photosynthesizing and eating it’s neighbors – whazzup wit dat?!
Animal-Like Protists Classification Scheme
1. Ciliophora – ciliated2. Zoomastigina – flagellated3. Sporozoa – spore formers
that cannot move4. Sarcodina – ameba-like
protists
Ciliophora – eg. Paramecium
• Solitary or colonial
• Uses ciliary beating motion to move around
• Cilia also used to help feed
Ciliophora Cell Parts• Cell Membrane
• Pellicle – folds of membrane
• Gullet – food is swept into this by cilia
• Anal Pore
• Micro/Macronucleus• Trichocysts – harpoons for attacking prey• Vacuoles 1. Food
2. Water Vacuoles3. Waste – goes out pore
Reproduction
• Binary Fission• Sexual reproduction by meiosis and
gamete production also occurs
Zoomastigina• Ecology: Ponds, Lakes• Motion: Flagella• Nutrition: Absorb food through membrane• Reproduction:
– Asexually by Binary Fission– Sexually by gamete production (Meiosis)
• Diseases: Parasitic – eg. Giardia (Beaver Fever) African Sleeping Sickness –
Trympanosoma
Trypanosoma – a Sporozoan Parasite that Causes Sleeping Sickness – Invading Red
Blood Cells
Flagellar Advancements are
Amazing • Tubulin Protein units
• 9+2 Arrangement
• Not seen in bacteria in this level of complexity with protein units
• Swimming “beat” vs. the “corkscrew motion” of prokaryotic flagella
Here’s How Cilia and Flagella work – Sweeping Motions
Sporozoa = Spore Forming Protists
• Ecology: Parasites found living on birds, worms, insects, fish, humans
• Motion: None• Nutrition: Parasitic – Actively absorb food
through membrane• Reproduction:
– Asexually by Binary Fission– Sexually by gamete production (Meiosis)
• Diseases: Plasmodium vivax causes Malaria
Anopholes Mosquito has P. Vivax living in its gut lining
Sarcodina = “Jelly”• Ecology: Streams, Lakes• Motion: Cytoplasmic streaming by Pseudopods• Nutrition: Heterotrophic/Parasitic – Actively
absorb food through membrane• Reproduction:
– Sexually by gamete production (Meiosis)
• Diseases: Amebic Dysentery• Notables: Some Sarcodines have a crystal
casing
An Amoeba – so Cute
What the?! Hey! This is
lemonade! Where’s my vial of Amebic Dysentery!?
Why we Never Drink in the Lab
The Sarcodines are Responsible for Crystal Deposits in Ocean Sand
• SiO2 – silicon dioxide shells. Pretty and used extensively in cosmetics.
• CaCO3 – calcium carbonate shells, from foraminerferans, that form a large component of the White Cliffs of Dover in England
The ProtistsThe ProtistsDay Two – Plant-LikeDay Two – Plant-Like
The ProtistsThe ProtistsDay Two – Plant-LikeDay Two – Plant-Like
By Evil Evil Evil Mr. BleeckerBy Evil Evil Evil Mr. BleeckerYou Know, the Guy who Marks all your work You Know, the Guy who Marks all your work
Now that you are a protozoan pro, do you remember the next group of
protists – those that make their own food?
Plant-like Plant-like protistsprotists
The Plant-Like Protists The main phyla of these plant-like protists
you’ll examine are:
1. Euglenaphyta (Euglena)2. Pyrrophyta (Dinoflagellates)3. Chrysophyta (Diatoms or Golden Algae)4. Slime Molds (Fungus-like)
Let’s take a look…
EuglenaEuglena
http://www.bgbm.org/kusber/images/euglena.gif
The euglena performs photosynthesis like a plant, but has a flagellum and moves around like a protozoan – cool!
Euglenophyta – Flagellated ProtistsEuglena
• have 2 flagella that make them spin; some can secrete dangerous toxins – one example is the red tides caused by Pfiesteria, which lead to fish kills
Dinoflagellates
http://www.infectiousdiseasenews.com/199906/S9a06587.gif
Red Tide caused by the Dinoflagellate - Gymnodinium breve
Chrysophyta – the Diatoms
This phylum of algae is noted for its symmetry and beautiful glass shells
Called phylum chrysophata after their beautiful “crystalline” shells
The Slime molds
• Slime molds obtain food through decomposition of organic material
• This is a slime mold --commonly found on grass. It’s called the dog vomit slime mold – eewww, gross!
Endosymbiotic Theory
• The theory that critters took up permanent residence in cells, forming a symbiosis– Ex. Chloroplasts & Mitochondria– But the list is actually larger (potentially)
Matching:match each protozoan with it’s mode of locomotion
Cilia (ciliaphora)
Flagella (mastigophora)
Pseudopod (sarcodina)
Click to see the correct answers
What protozoan doesn’t move? Click again to see answer…
Sporozoa
No, but you can start
18.3 #1 to 4
Bring your lab books
tomorrow!!