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218 Abstracts / Toxicology L

EPNP) as substrates. Midguts of H. armigera obtained from¸ anakkale (n = 30) and Mardin (n = 30) field populations and a sus-eptible (n = 30) population obtained from Germany. GST-PNBCctivities in Canakkale and Mardin field populations showed statis-ically significant (p < 0.05), 2.2- and 4.8-fold increase, respectively,ompared to susceptible population. Similarly, GST-DCNB activitieshowed statistically significant (p < 0.05), 2.0- and 4.8-fold increasen Canakkale and Mardin field populations, respectively. How-ver, as GST activities of both populations were determined usingommon substrate CDNB, only Mardin field population showedtatistically significant (p < 0.05), 1.5-fold increase compared tousceptible population, no change in the GST-CDNB activity wasbserved in Canakkale field population. Finally, GST activitiesgainst EPNP in Canakkale and Mardin field populations were notetected. Thus, it may be concluded that GST isozymes using DCNBnd PNBC as substrates play a role in pyrethroid resistance of

¸ anakkale and Mardin field populations.

cknowledgement: This work was financially supported by Projecto: BAP-DPT2002K120510.

oi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.564

30etermination of lethal dose (LD50) values in susceptible pop-lation of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) with the registered

nsecticides on cotton in Turkey

akine Ugurlu

Plant Protection Central Research Institute, Physiology andoxicology, Ankara, Turkey

he most important pest of cotton is Helicoverpa armigera (Hüb-er) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Turkey. It causes important loss ofotton production by damaging the generative organs of cotton.hemical control methods by spraying high quantity of insecti-ides were used to control H. armigera. In recent years, resistanceevelopment have been reported from different parts of the worldgainst the insecticides, used to control for H. armigera. The aimf this study is to determine baseline lethal dose (LD50) values foregistered and commonly used active substances in cotton agri-ulture for monitoring resistance development of H. armigera inurkey. In this study, third instar larvae of susceptible H. armigeraere used to determine the LD50 values by using topical applica-

ion method with 12 registered active substances, frequently usedn cotton fields of Turkey. These substances were azinphos methyl,ifentrin, beta cyfluthrin, esfenvalerate, thiodicarb, indoxacarb,

ambda cyhalothrin, methomyl, profenofos, pyridalyl, spinosad,eta-cypermethrin in susceptible strain of H. armigera. LD50 val-es of active substances were determined by probit analysis usingOLO-PC. These values could be used for the Resistance Monitor-ng Programme to monitor resistance development of insecticides

containing these active substances) in field populations of H.rmigera. Thus, it would be a reference point for further Resistanceonitoring Studies in Turkey.

oi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.565

dsanoHbhCH

189S (2009) S57–S273

31he protective role of vitamins C and E against chloropyrifos-nduced oxidative stress in rats: With special reference to theistology of kidneys and retinas

adia Ahmed, Aneesa Mohamed, Mosaad Abdel-Wahhab ∗

Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Histology, Giza, Egypt

hloropyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus compound that dis-lays broad-spectrum insecticidal activity against a number of

mportant arthropod pests. The aim of the current work was tovaluate the antioxidant effect of combined vitamins C and Edministration against the oxidative stress, apoptosis and histo-ogical changes of kidney and retina in CPF-treated rats. Forty maleprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups including theontrol group, the group treated orally with a single dose of CPF63 mg/kg b.w.) in corn oil, the group injected intramuscularly (i.m.)ith vitamin C (250 mg/kg b.w.) and intraperitoneally (i.p.) injectedith vitamin E (150 mg/kg b.w.) daily for 7 days and the group

reated with CPF (single dose) and injected with vitamins (for 7ays). The results showed that treatment with CPF resulted in apop-osis and severe oxidative stress. Co-administration of vitamins Cnd E ameliorate these toxic effects and improved the histologicalictures of kidneys and retinas. It could be concluded that com-ined administration of vitamins C and E is useful in the routineherapy for the protection against severe tissue damage induced byhe organophosphorus chloropyrifos.

oi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.566

32he effects of organophosphate exposure on serotonergic sys-ems

hadia Ramadan 1,∗, Chris Morris 2, John Harris 2

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinaryedicine, Al-Fateh University, P.O. Box 13662, Tripoli, Libya, 2 Theedical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle Biomedicine, Newcastleniversity, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, UK

bstract: Organophosphates (OP) are the most widely used pesti-ides, both in agriculture and in the domestic settings. Whilst highevel exposure to these compounds has long been associated withystemic toxicity due to cholinesterase inhibition, environmentalxposure to low levels of OP has been suggested to be a risk factor forsychiatric disorders. Depression and other mood disorders havelso been associated with alterations in brain monoamines. Thebjective of this study was to investigate whether sub-toxic expo-ure to diazinon could contribute to alterations of the serotonergicystems, which would correlate with the psychiatric dysfunctionsbserved in exposed individuals.

Adult male hooded Lister rats were given IP injections ofiazinon (1 mg/kg/day) daily for 5 days. Brain tissues and bloodamples were collected for the following analysis: cholinesterasectivity, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ala-ine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK), and brain levelsf serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid (5-HIAA) and 5-T turnover. Results showed that there was little or no blood or

rain cholinesterase inhibition, and no systemic toxicity. Exposureowever induced significant alterations in serotonergic systems.ortical levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA showed significant reductions.ippocampal 5-HT levels were significantly decreased and hip-