8/12/2019 The Process of Measurement

1/16

University of Puerto RicoUniversity of Puerto RicoUniversity of Puerto RicoUniversity of Puerto Rico

Mayagez CMayagez CMayagez CMayagez Campusampusampusampus CollegeCollegeCollegeCollege ofofofof EngineeringEngineeringEngineeringEngineering

Mechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering DepartmentMechanical Engineering Department

Basic Concepts of MeasurementBasic Concepts of MeasurementBasic Concepts of MeasurementBasic Concepts of Measurement

MethodsMethodsMethodsMethods

Machine Science laboratory IMachine Science laboratory IMachine Science laboratory IMachine Science laboratory I

INME 4031INME 4031INME 4031INME 4031

8/12/2019 The Process of Measurement

2/16

I

. F ,

.

. B

,

,

.

.

,

. B,

?

.

G

A

.

. A

. A , ,

, , , , ,

;

.

A

F 1. B

: (1) ; (2)

; (3) ; (4)

. ,

.

8/12/2019 The Process of Measurement

3/16

.

, , ,

, .

.

.

. A ,

,

.

, I

.

. A

. A

.

,

.

8/12/2019 The Process of Measurement

4/16

. .

. A

.

. F , I,

. A

.

.

. A

.

,

.

C

A

. I

.

.

.

, , .

( )

, . I

, ( )

. A

8/12/2019 The Process of Measurement

5/16

.

E

. A

.

.

; ,

, .

.

,

;

. B

.

.

( )1

1

xxdx

dyxK

=

= E. 1

F .

.

.

8/12/2019 The Process of Measurement

6/16

minx maxx .

,

minmax xxri = E. 2

, miny

maxy . , F (F),

minmax0 yyr = E. 3

. A

. ,,

:

valueindicatedvaluetrue __ = E. 4

100_

1

=

valuetrueA

.

.

A

.

( )

( )

.

. H

.

8/12/2019 The Process of Measurement

7/16

downscaleupscaleh yye )()( = .

F 2. H

F:

100% maxmax

=

o

h

hr

ee

E. 5

H

.

.

.

.x y

8/12/2019 The Process of Measurement

8/16

y

upy

downy

8/12/2019 The Process of Measurement

9/16

,

upy downy

FIDmax

% he

I

upy downy downuph yye =

( )

17520195

1

minmax0

maxmax

===

===

yyr

yyee downuphh

100% maxmax

=

o

h

hr

ee

%5710.0%

1001751%

max

max

=

=

h

h

e

e

8/12/2019 The Process of Measurement

10/16

CE A %5710.0

.

.

xaaxy oL 1)( += E. 6

)(xyL

. H, , .

A ,

.

)(xyL )(xy

:

)()()( xyxyxe LL += E. 7

)(xeL 6. F

,

:

100% maxmax

=

o

L

Lr

ee

E. 8

8/12/2019 The Process of Measurement

11/16

.

x y

8/12/2019 The Process of Measurement

12/16

FID Le%

I

xyL += 972045.035.0

trueyx =

yyL

19.7909 20 0.2091

39.2318 40 0.7682

58.6727 60 1.3273

78.1136 80 1.8864

97.5545 100 2.4455

116.9954 120 3.0046

136.4363 140 3.5637

155.8772 160 4.1228175.3181 180 4.6819

194.7590 200 5.2410

194.7590 200 5.2410

175.3181 180 4.6819

155.8772 160 4.1228

136.4363 140 3.5637

116.9954 120 3.0046

97.5545 100 2.4455

78.1136 80 1.886458.6727 60 1.3273

39.2318 40 0.7682

19.7909 20 0.2091

, xyL += 972045.035.0

. A

.

, Le, maxLe , max% Le .

( )

17520195

2410.5

minmax0

maxmax

===

===

yyr

yyee trueLLL

8/12/2019 The Process of Measurement

13/16

8/12/2019 The Process of Measurement

14/16

2 10 .

B I H (BIH)

. ,

BIH

.

. (1 H = 1)

/).

(/)

s

radHz

1

21

=

B

.

.

. I

1982, . ()

1/299, 792, 458 ,

( 299, 792, 458 /).

.

min

mft

0254.01

3048.01

=

=

;

.

.

. , ,

8/12/2019 The Process of Measurement

15/16

I

1/273.16

. A ,

(1824 1907),

.

I ().

C (C),

, F (F)

:

0.32)(8.1)(

67.459)()(

15.273)()(

+=

=

=

CF

RF

KC

E. 9

I . (A)

,

1

, 7102

.

. ()

0.012 12.

.

() , ,

hertz14

1040.5

1/683 .

F , :

cg

onacceleratimassforce

=

E. 10

cg .

8/12/2019 The Process of Measurement

16/16

I I ,

. )( mlb 1 )(lb

. ,

c

m

g

s

ftlb

lb

=

2174.32)(

)(J :

mNs

mkgJ =

= 111 2

2

)(W , :

s

J

s

mkgW 111

3

2

=

=

,

, )(Pa ,

22 111m

N

sm

kgPa =

=