the power of the church chapter 13 section 5. key terms piety pontificate pope gregory vii henry...
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The Power of the ChurchChapter 13 Section 5
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Key Terms Piety Pontificate Pope Gregory VII Henry VI
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Religion in the Middle Ages Became powerful
during Middle Ages Religion touched
every aspect Baptism Marriage death
Marked by religious ceremonies
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Religion in the Middle Ages Monks were
peacemakers Prayed for rulers
and armies Helped to settle
disputes Church officials
were teachers and record keepers
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Religion in the Middle Ages 1000 influence
increased dramatically
Piety-a persons level of religious devotion
Participation in religion increased
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The Far Reaching Authority of The Church God created two
swords One for religion The other political
Pope should bow to emperor (political)
Emperor bow to pope (religious)
Church and rulers competed for power
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Structure of the Church Power based on status
The pope in Rome headed the church
All clergy under the pope
Clergy- included bishops and priests
Bishops supervised priests
Bishops settled disputes over Church teachings
Local priest is the main contact
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Religion as a Unifying Force Feudalism separated
people Shared beliefs brought
them together Church stable force
during warfare Provided Christians
with a sense of security
Religion was center stage
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Growth of Papal Power 1049 Leo IX
thought clergy was corrupt
Simony- buying and selling of church offices
Replaced bishops guilty of this
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Growth of Papal Power Bishops
excommunicated No greater
punishment during the Middle Ages Could not take part
in the Eucharist Could not be saved
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Growth of Papal Power Leo’s reform
brought him into conflict
Bishops thought that the pope could not tell them what to do
Pontificate-papal term in office
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Growth of Papal Power Leo
excommunicated the patriarch of Constantinople
Church was split Roman Catholics Orthodox
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Religion as a Unifying Force Baptism- became
part of the Christian Community
Village church unifying force
Religious and social center
People worshipped together
Holidays festive occasions
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The Law of the Church Churches authority
spiritual and political Created a code of
justice All kings, peasants
subject to canon law Church law-
marriages and religious practices
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The Law of the Church Two of the harshest
punishments were Excommunication Interdiction
Popes used excommunication a banishment from the church to yield power over political figures
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The Law of the Church King quarrels with a
Pope the king would be denied salvation
Also freed all of his vassals from their duty
Interdiction- sacraments could not be performed on the kings land
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The Law of the Church People believe
without the sacraments they are doomed
During 11 century these threat would force and emperor to submit to the popes commands
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The Emperor Clashes with the Pope Lay investiture-
ceremony in which kings and nobles appoint church officials
Who ever controlled lay investiture held the real power
Church reformers felt the king should not have this power
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The Emperor Clashes with the Pope 1075 Pope Gregory
banned lay investitures
Henry IV called a meeting of the bishops he appointed
Emperor ordered Gregory to step down
Gregory excommunicated Henry
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The Emperor Clashes with the Pope German bishops
sided with the Pope To save his throne
Henry begged forgiveness
1077 Henry crosses the alps to Canossa
Gregory was a guest there
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The Emperor Clashes with the Pope Stood in bare feet
in the snow Pope was obliged
to forgive him Henry spent three
days in the snow
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Changes in Monasticism Monasteries
founded all over Europe
New Monastery in Cluny
Chose their own abbot to avoid corruption
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Changes in Monasticism Cluny most
influential monastery in Europe
Some monks lived under even stricter rules
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Changes in Monasticism Cistercian- broad
estates built outside of town
Ensured isolation Undecorated Unheated Prayer and labor Other groups would
even be stricter