The Power of Primary The Power of Primary PreventionPrevention

Taking Control to Help Taking Control to Help Prevent Prevent Type 2 Type 2 DiabetesDiabetes

Chronic DiseasesChronic Diseases

• Chronic diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, account for almost 70 percent of all deaths in the United States.

• Lifestyle changes have been shown to prevent or slow the development of chronic diseases.

Diabetes is a Rising EpidemicDiabetes is a Rising Epidemic

Diabetes is becoming more common in the United States. From 1980 through 2011, the number of Americans with diagnosed diabetes has more than tripled (from 5.6 million to 20.9 million). http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figpersons.htm

Burden in the U.S.

How Many are Diagnosed with Diabetes in the U.S.?

• Each year, 800,000 people are diagnosed with diabetes.

• Each day, 2,000 people are diagnosed with diabetes.

• Each hour, 90 people are diagnosed with diabetes.

The Cost of Diabetes in the U.S.The Cost of Diabetes in the U.S.

• $132 billion a year in cost.

• $13,243 a year for a person with diabetes.

• $2,560 a year for a person who does not have diabetes.

Diabetes in KentuckyDiabetes in Kentucky

• One in eight adult Kentuckians has diabetes.

• An estimated one-third of those who have diabetes

don’t know it. • That means ~ 376,100

adult Kentuckians have diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes.

Kentucky is Kentucky is High Risk for Diabetes!High Risk for Diabetes!

• An estimated 611,000 (40.1 percent) of Kentuckians aged 40 to 74 have pre-diabetes.

Risk factors:

• Age.

• Overweight.

• Sedentary Lifestyle.

What is Diabetes?What is Diabetes?

Normal Body FunctionNormal Body Function

The body does The body does notnot make make enough enough insulin.insulin.

The insulin The insulin does not work does not work

right.right.OROR

There is a There is a ProblemProblem in the Body in the Body

There is too much “sugar” in the blood.

There is a There is a ProblemProblem in the Body in the Body

Diabetes

Normal

Type 1 DiabetesType 1 Diabetes

• Pancreas no longer makes insulin.

• Sugar builds up in the blood stream.

• People must take insulin shots to live.

Type 2 DiabetesType 2 Diabetes

• Affects 90 to 95 percent of people who have diabetes.

• Pancreas makes insulin, but not efficiently.

• Linked to overweight and physical inactivity.

Signs and Symptoms of Signs and Symptoms of Type 2 DiabetesType 2 Diabetes

• Thirst.

• Hunger.

• Unexplained tiredness.

• More urination

than usual.

• Blurred vision.• Sores that won’t

heal.• Dry itchy skin.

Many people have no symptoms.

Pre-DiabetesPre-DiabetesHigher than normal blood

sugars, but not high enough to diagnose as diabetes.

With pre-diabetes there is a 50 percent chance for developing heart disease and stroke.

Good News!Good News!

• Several long term studies with thousands of people with pre-diabetes have shown that modest weight loss and 30 minutes of moderate activity a day can prevent diabetes.

What is the Cause of the What is the Cause of the Increase in Type 2 Diabetes?Increase in Type 2 Diabetes?

• Inactivity.

• Overweight.

• Poor eating habits.

• Living longer.

• Increase in ethnic diversity.

• Larger portion sizes.

Could You Be at Risk?Could You Be at Risk?

Could you or a loved one have diabetes or pre-diabetes and not know it?

Who Is At Risk?Who Is At Risk?

• Age 45 or older.• Ethnic or minority

population.• Overweight.• Family history of

diabetes.• History of gestational

diabetes or large baby (over 9 pounds).

• Inactive.

• High blood pressure.

• Pre-diabetes.• High blood fats.• Darkening of the

skin.• Polycystic ovary

syndrome.

Take the Test Take the Test Know Your ScoreKnow Your Score

• Know your risk for developing diabetes.

• Take the test developed by the American Diabetes Association.

• Find out your risk.

Waist MeasurementWaist Measurement

• Excess fat in the abdomen is an independent risk factor for disease.

• Women with waist measurements over 35 inches are at risk.

• Men with waist measurements over 40 inches are at risk.

If you are at risk…If you are at risk…

• Lose some weight (5 to 10 percent of current weight).

• Eat healthy foods ( increase your fiber).• Stop smoking.• Increase your physical activity. • Get adequate sleep.• Manage your stress.

Diagnosis of DiabetesDiagnosis of Diabetes

Normal, Fasting

Pre-Diabetes, Fasting

Diabetes, Fasting

Below Below 100 mg/dl100 mg/dl

Between Between 100-125 mg/dl100-125 mg/dl

Higher than Higher than 126 mg/dl126 mg/dl

Getting Annual PhysicalsGetting Annual Physicals

See your doctor at least once a year for a complete checkup.

Setting Personal GoalsSetting Personal Goals

• Follow the recommended serving sizes.• Eat 5 to 9 fruits and vegetables a day.• Lose weight if you are overweight.• Pack lunches instead of eating out.• Cut back on fat intake.• Begin exercising.• Stop smoking.• Get annual physical.• Practice stress management techniques.

Setting Personal GoalsSetting Personal Goals

Set three personal goals to Set three personal goals to improve your health.improve your health.

Examples:1. To lose 10 pounds by cutting out 500

calories a day.2. To begin an exercise program of walking 5

days a week for 10 to 15 minutes, gradually increasing to 30 minutes per day.

3. To drink diet instead of regular soft drinks.

PreventionPrevention

If there was a vaccine to prevent

diabetes would you take it?

It is Up to You!It is Up to You!

The next best thing to a vaccine is:

•Exercising regularly

•Maintaining a healthy weight

•Eating healthy

Reference: United States Department of Agriculture 2010 Dietary Guidelines, www.ChooseMyPlate.gov, September, 2012

Graphics: Microsoft Word, United States Department of Agriculture

Jackie Walters, MBA, RD, LDExtension Specialist for Nutrition Education Programs

November 2012

Copyright © 2003, 2012, for materials developed by University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension. This publication may be reproduced in portions or its entirety for educational or nonprofit purposes only. Permitted users shall give credit to the author(s) and include this copyright notice.

Educational programs of the Kentucky Cooperative Extension serve all people regardless of race, color, age, sex, religion, disability, or national origin.

Questions