the potential of bio fertilizers – neem the potential of bio - mbita

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The Potential of Bio Fertilizers Neem The Potential of Bio Fertilizers Neem by Sanjay V. Lanka Sustainable Biotechnology Inc. www.sustainablebio.com

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Page 1: The Potential of Bio Fertilizers – Neem The Potential of Bio - MBITA

The Potential of Bio Fertilizers – NeemThe Potential of Bio Fertilizers  Neem

by

Sanjay V. LankaSustainable Biotechnology Inc.gy

www.sustainablebio.com

Page 2: The Potential of Bio Fertilizers – Neem The Potential of Bio - MBITA

Agenda

1. Ecological Impact of Conventional Agriculture 2. Market size and potential of the Organic2. Market size and potential of the Organic food market 3 Wh t bi l i l f tili ?3. What are biological fertilizers?4.Role of the EPA – guidelines FIFRAg5.The Neem Tree – Azadirachta Indica

Page 3: The Potential of Bio Fertilizers – Neem The Potential of Bio - MBITA

Ecological Impact of Conventional Agriculture

1.Soil Erosion and degradation

2.Continued dependence on fossil fuel resources

3.Contamination of the land, water eco‐system and th i d t t i d i di i i t fthe air due to extensive and indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and fungicides

4. 60% of conventional pesticides are known, b bl ibl iprobable or possible carcinogens 

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Market size of the Organic food market in the U.S.

2007 ‐ $20.4 Billion2008‐ $23.6 Billion2009‐ $24.8 Billion

Only 3% of U.S. food supply is currently organicwith a huge potential for growth –

Organic food consumers in the U.S. today are at the higher end of the education/income spectrumend of the education/income spectrum

Page 5: The Potential of Bio Fertilizers – Neem The Potential of Bio - MBITA

Potential of the Organic food market

1. Increasing number of studies in the scientific literature gthat show relationship between use of toxic synthetic pesticides and resulting birth defects

2. USDA Organic label – may not use conventional d d h f lpesticides and synthetic fertilizers

3. More nutrients, minerals and antioxidants in Organic foodfood 

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What are biological fertilizers? 

1. Product has to be of biological origin i.e. naturally occurring micro organism or an extract from plantsoccurring micro‐organism or an extract from plants, micro‐organisms or soil, or a mineral product which occurs in nature in abundanceoccurs in nature in abundance

2. Acceptable to organic or biological farming principles as laid down in the guidelines of theprinciples as laid down in the guidelines of the respective organizations 

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Development strategy for Bio fertilizers 

1. Result of this change in policy is the development of a number of innovative and specific products forof a number of innovative and specific products for small and minor crops.

2. Large pesticide producing companies need patents to protect their markets with respect to their marketsto protect their markets with respect to their markets.

3 Hence their focus on producing synthetic3. Hence their focus on producing synthetic compounds that replicate the affects of naturally occurring compounds which are found in nature inoccurring compounds which are found in nature in plant organisms. 

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Development cost of Bio fertili ersDevelopment cost of Bio fertilizersI Creation of new product with patentability can be achieved by:I. Creation of new product with patentability can be achieved by:1.Modifying them to get more/less persistence2.Higher biological efficacy

d ff3.Lesser side effects, or4.Just an advantage in the production or marketing of the compound

II. The average development and commercialization cost of this type of synthetic pesticide is about $U.S.150 million

III. Biopesticides have a niche market focus ‐ development cost of the biopesticides is about 2 to 10 percent of the synthetic pesticides which 

b $ U S 10 illicomes to about $ U.S.10 million.

Page 9: The Potential of Bio Fertilizers – Neem The Potential of Bio - MBITA

Role of the EPA in the U SRole of the EPA in the U.S1.Defined under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)

2.Natural products are assigned the category Biochemical and Microbial2.Natural products are assigned the category Biochemical and Microbial pesticides. The registration requirements are given in – Guidelines for Biorational pesticides in Subdivision M of CFR 158.

3.The Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 favors biopesticides under a policy of reduced risk and some of their requirements have been waived. No tolerances have been established for many of the biopesticides.

Page 10: The Potential of Bio Fertilizers – Neem The Potential of Bio - MBITA

The Neem Tree – Azadirachta Indica 1. Azadirachtins are a group of limonoids contained in the seeds of the tropical Neem tree – Azadirachta Indica.

2. The leaves and especially the seed kernels of the Neem tree and their extracts have been used for the control oftree and their extracts have been used for the control of various insect pests in India.

3. The focus of all the commercially available and experimental insecticides has been on the chemical Azadirachtin, which is considered to be the major bioactive chemical present in Neem seed kernels, with a yield of 2‐4mg/gm of seed kernels4mg/gm of seed kernels.

Page 11: The Potential of Bio Fertilizers – Neem The Potential of Bio - MBITA

The Neem Tree – Azadirachta Indica 

1. Scientific literature on Neem began around 1926 to 1929.

2. USDA began studying Neem around 1972.

3. With its origin in south and south‐east Asia, Neem is now present in parts of Africa CentralNeem is now present in parts of Africa , Central and South America through projects of the World Bank and the United Nations. 

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The Neem Tree – Azadirachta Indica 1.Existence of many Neem based products in the U.S. ‐ Since the launch of Margosan‐O which was gthe first commercial Neem insecticide registered by the U.S. EPA in 1985 for use on non‐food crops. Inthe U.S. EPA in 1985 for use on non food crops. In 1994, Azatin received EPA approval for use on food crops. crops.2. National Organic program – 1994:Crop production recommendation made that NeemCrop production recommendation made that Neem can be used as a botanical pesticide under section 2119 (k) (4) of the Organic Foods Production Act of2119 (k) (4) of the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (OFPA)

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The Neem Tree – Azadirachta Indica 

1.The challenge – standardized natural products for plant protection. 

2.This means that the market expectation is for products that consistently have the same percentages of the active compounds.

3. The international guidelines for this have been developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)of the United Nations.

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The Neem Tree – Azadirachta Indica

I. The FAO has been documenting the specification for Neem products and the first level of classification is based on theproducts and the first level of classification is based on the presence of Neem oil in them:1.Products containing Neem oil1.Products containing Neem oil2.Azadirachtin rich extracts free of Neem oil

II. It established “The International Neem Network” in 1994. National institutions of 23 countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America and Europe have taken part in the Network's activities, under the overall coordination of FAO's Forestry D t tDepartment.

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The Neem Tree – Azadirachta Indica 

The process of standardization being implemented by the FAO, requires detailed information on different properties of th d t ll th ti i di t i th hthe products as well as the active ingredients in them, such as:

1.Physico‐ chemical properties2. Toxicologygy3.Ecotoxicology (including side effects on non‐target organisms)

d f4.mode of action5.residues (and their degradation) in agricultural produce, soil water etc andsoil, water etc. and 6. Bioefficacy.

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The Neem Tree – Azadirachta Indica 

Azadirachtin A – is the most abundant of the Azadirachtins and the amount of it available variesAzadirachtins and the amount of it available varies based on:

1.the quality of the Neem seed kernels

2. The extraction procedure used also has an impact on the amounton the amount.

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Challenges/ Opportunitiesg / pp

1 Existing Neem based products in the market have not1. Existing Neem based products in the market have not proved their efficacy due to the modes of usage.

2. Opportunity exists to modify the fertilizer delivery system to improve the efficacy.

3. Potential to have a Neem based product that could replace M th l B id d Chl i iMethyl Bromide and Chloropicrin.

4 Potential to open up opportunities for Exports of locally4. Potential to open up opportunities for Exports of locally grown produce to new markets at a premium price.