Lecture 6. Theme: Amir Timur and

his moral legacy.

The plan:1. The life and activity of Amir

Timur.2. A. Timur prominent statesman of

high spirituality. 3. Issues of spirituality in "The laid Tamerlane."

Culture Timurid era is the great treasure in the history of Uzbekistan, written in golden letters. This era performs an important role in the glorification of our country in the world, educating people, serves to strengthen the independence and formation of the people of national pride.

The Mongols held sway in Movarounnahr to 1363. War and the constant clashes tortured all. Only Amir Temur (1336-1405) devoted his life to the liberation and independence of the country.

Timur, tamerlan (1336-1405) commander and statesman in Central Asia

1361y. enters to service to Khan Tog lug-Timur

After escape, starts fight against Tog lug-Timur and 1370 wins

Leads Maveranakhr on behalf of Chingizkhan

In 1370-80s accomplishes 9 trips and eventually creates a country of Timur with the capital Samarkand

1388 takes Khorezm

In 1389-1391-1394-95s wins the Golden Horde

1398y. breaks into India and takes India

1402 – beside the Ankara destroyed Ottoman Empire

Maveranakhr

Pinjab

India

Afghanistan

Iran

Timur’s land included

Amir Temur - great personality, which has made an immeasurable contribution to world culture, and spirituality. Built on his command Bibihonum Mosque (1404), the palace Oqsaroy (1380-1404 gg.), The Tomb of Dorus Saodat (1380) refer to the monumental structure of not only our country, but of all mankind.Many generations of the descendants of Amir Temur it to them to continue the improvement of social life.

Amir Temur organized compact and workable system of control of central states, preferring not quantity but quality. In determining public policy and practical implementation of it in life was taken as a basis for the rule of "Force - in justice." He attracted public affairs honest and conscientious people.

People

Power Treasury Army

Fate of the country depends on 4 factors

In questions of power focused on the sight. Vizier or minister had to have four qualities:1. Nobility of thought and loftiness of soul.2. Subtle and penetrating mind.3. Experience and habit of living together with the soldier and the citizen.4. Tolerance and the ability to try....

Amir Temur - polymath people knew that spiritual factor is badly needed, and it can not exist without the society and every civilization.

Spiritual base of A. Timur’s Empire

relies on

Greatness of state

Fame of state

Might of state

Power of state

Amir Temur considered murid, a follower of the Sufi Tariqa (Order) Naqshbandi. In the philosophy of Sufism special place humanism, courage, diligence, honesty with which he was familiar with the early years, and that had a great influence on his spiritual qualities.

Religiousness

Humanism

Courage

Spiritual potential of Amir Timur

Justice

Morality

Honesty

Diligence

In his autobiography, Amir Temur writes about the moral qualities of man: 1. At the heart of the moral qualities should be honest 2. Unquestioning adherence to religious dogma, to respect the person, respected by the will of Allah; 3. You always have to make more donations to the poor, every quarrel should be carefully studied and where possible it should be solved positively;

v

Code of Timur was translated into many languages

In XIV-XV centuries was written in Turkish language

In 1783 was translated into English language

In 1967 was translated into Uzbek language

In "The laid Temur", the basis of the state is twelve social strata. They included: 1) the descendants of the Prophet, scientists, heads of communities and lawyers, and 2) intelligent people capable of giving advice and forward-aged men, and 3) good men, dervishes, ascetics, and 4) emirs, sheiks and officers, and 5) the army and people 6) worthy trusted people, advisors, and 7) the Vizier, office manager, secretary, 8) doctors, astrologers and geometry; 9) hadith collector, historian, author chronicles and narratives; 10) elders, dervishes and theologians, 11) master artisans, cobblers, representatives of art, 12) merchants, chiefs of caravans and travelers.

Also in his actions had been identified 12 principles that guided him. 1. The ruler should rule only on themselves. No one should lead it. 2. Fairness, and he (the ruler in the future) to elect incorruptible and virtuous first minister (vizier). 3. Orders and prohibitions required hardness. Must own decisions, so that no one can change them. 4. He must be steadfast in their decisions. 5. Whatever were the orders of the monarch, should be followed by their immediate execution. Not one subject can be so powerful and daring to stop their execution, even if it seemed these orders can suffer severe consequences.

6. Security requires that the rulers do not rely on others in public affairs, and do not entrust the reins in the wrong hands. 7. He should not neglect anyone's advice and wishes. 8. In matters of government, it should not be guided by the behavior and speeches someone else. 9. Respect for authority as the ruler should sit firmly in the hearts of citizens and troops, so no one can disobey the Emperor. 10. All the monarch does not, so he was steadfast in orders once and cast, for hardness - it is the greatest force for governor. 11. The department, with the promulgation of the orders, the monarch must be careful to recognize someone companion and it should not take to his friend to drive. 12. Another important precaution - find out those that surround it, and to be constantly on guard against them.

Islamic law, which is performed in the state of Amir Temur core legislative function, based on the teachings of Islam. In the works of Imam Bukhari, at - Tirmidhi, Bahauddin Naqshbandi Ahmad Yassavi Burkhaniddin Marghinoniy, along with the characteristic of the Quran, to interpret Islamic law.Temur instructions can be divided into the following groups: a) religion and Sharia law, and b) the State and its management, and c) the Council's (Kengash), d) the king and his minister.

Categories of morality underlined in the Code of Timur

Word and Eloquence

Justice and Injustice

Unity of a word and a deed

Friendship and Enmity

In this work, Amir Temur given instructions related to manners, morals and human behavior. He never turned his anger on someone. In "The laid Temur" he writes that God does not take the anger and violence in communication, and it can prevent someone who is angry. "Having a good word, appeal to the conscience of the enemy," - he said. Language sharper swords, one kind word will send the sword in the scabbard

During the years of independence, Timur became a national hero, and in the center of Tashkent he put majestic bronze statue. His name are many parks, squares and streets in the country.According to the decision of UNESCO, 1996 was declared the Year of Amir Temur. At the initiative of UNESCO, April 24, 1996 in Paris, was held a week devoted the 660th anniversary of the birth of Amir Temur.

President of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov in his speech at the celebration of the opening of the monument to Amir Temur in Tashkent, said: "The unit of Amir Timur, his mastery of the commander, the military strategy for many centuries served as a model for the powers of the East and the West. In his era culture, science, architecture, visual art, music, poetry achieved extraordinary prosperity, have confirmed many of the customs of our people. "

Merit A.Timur history of Uzbekistan

1.Obedenenie Central Asia in a single state.2.Razgromlenie Golden Horde.3.Rozdroblenie Ottoman power.4.Vosstonovlenie Silk Road.5.Sozdanie favorable conditions for domestic and foreign policy6.Proslavlenie unsurpassed as the commander of the Middle Ages.