The Pilgrims and The Pilgrims and The PuritansThe Puritans

Bradstreet, Edwards, MillerBradstreet, Edwards, Miller

Who are they??Who are they??

The Pilgrims were part of a group of The Pilgrims were part of a group of English Puritans called the “Separatists” English Puritans called the “Separatists” who fled persecution in England. who fled persecution in England.

The Pilgrims traveled to America aboard the The Pilgrims traveled to America aboard the MayflowerMayflower and landed at Plymouth in 1620. and landed at Plymouth in 1620.

Who are they?Who are they?

Puritans Puritans is a general term for English is a general term for English Protestants who wanted to “purify” Protestants who wanted to “purify” the Church of England. the Church of England.

The Puritans objected to the rituals, The Puritans objected to the rituals, decorations, and organization of the decorations, and organization of the Church of England. They wanted a Church of England. They wanted a simpler form of worship and organization.simpler form of worship and organization.

The MayflowerThe Mayflower

Cross Section of the ShipCross Section of the Ship

Route MapRoute Map

The VoyageThe Voyage The The MayflowerMayflower left Plymouth, England on left Plymouth, England on

September 6, 1620, and anchored off the tip of September 6, 1620, and anchored off the tip of Cape Cod on November 11 Cape Cod on November 11

The voyage started with 102 passengers, three The voyage started with 102 passengers, three of them were pregnant women. One baby was of them were pregnant women. One baby was born on the ship.born on the ship.

Halfway through the voyage, they encountered Halfway through the voyage, they encountered bad storms which began to make the ship very bad storms which began to make the ship very leaky. leaky.

The ship arrived damaged with most The ship arrived damaged with most passengers alivepassengers alive. .

Food for one manFood for one man(intended to last for one year)(intended to last for one year)

Beer (the primary drink for everyone, water Beer (the primary drink for everyone, water was often considered unsafe) was often considered unsafe)

About 2 barrels of wheat (a barrel held 36 About 2 barrels of wheat (a barrel held 36 gallons) gallons)

About 1/2 barrel of peas, and 1/2 barrel of About 1/2 barrel of peas, and 1/2 barrel of oats oats

2 gallons of vinegar 2 gallons of vinegar 1 gallon aqua-vitae (a strong liquor made 1 gallon aqua-vitae (a strong liquor made

from distilling beer or wine) from distilling beer or wine) 1 gallon salad oil 1 gallon salad oil Bacon Bacon Cheese Cheese Sugar, Spice and Fruit Sugar, Spice and Fruit   

Native AmericansNative Americans

The pilgrims first The pilgrims first encountered the encountered the Wampanoag Indians. Wampanoag Indians.

The Indians lived off The Indians lived off the land and believed the land and believed everyone (people and everyone (people and animals) was equal.animals) was equal.

These Indians lived in These Indians lived in Wigwams and lived in Wigwams and lived in New EnglandNew England

Wampanoag WordsWampanoag Words

ausomma petuc ausomma petuc quanockequanocke - give me - give me some breadsome bread

chesco keanchesco kean - you lie - you lie commouton keancommouton kean - -

you stealyou steal cotattupcotattup - I drink to - I drink to

youyou docke taugh he docke taugh he

neckenecke - what is your - what is your name?name?

haddo quo dunna haddo quo dunna moquonashmoquonash – Where – Where did you buy that?did you buy that?

Tonocco wam-Tonocco wam- Where Where have you been?have you been?

mattamatta - no - no meseigmeseig - hair - hair matchannimatchanni - very sick - very sick nancompeesnancompees - a boy - a boy nickesquawnickesquaw - a girl - a girl netopnetop - a friend - a friend noeshownoeshow - a father - a father nitka nitka - a mother- a mother noe wammaw ausenoe wammaw ause - I - I

love youlove you pappousepappouse - a child - a child tantacumtantacum - beat him - beat him tauh coitauh coi - it is very cold - it is very cold

Living in Harmony???Living in Harmony??? Eventually the Indians caught Eventually the Indians caught

disease from the English and disease from the English and many died from these diseases many died from these diseases and starvation. and starvation.

The English were tearing apart The English were tearing apart the Indian's land, and they the Indian's land, and they eventually got pushed out of eventually got pushed out of the area they had called home. the area they had called home.

PlymouthPlymouth Plymouth was Plymouth was

settled in 1620.settled in 1620. The men hunted The men hunted

while the women while the women stayed home to farm stayed home to farm and cook. The and cook. The children were used children were used for manual labor. for manual labor.

When the pilgrims When the pilgrims were not working were not working they were praying they were praying and reading the and reading the Bible. Bible.

Plymouth RockPlymouth Rock

What the Puritans BelievedWhat the Puritans Believed

Religion is a personal, inner experience.Religion is a personal, inner experience. Humans are wicked by nature, and most are Humans are wicked by nature, and most are

marked for damnation.marked for damnation. A chosen few can be saved through the grace A chosen few can be saved through the grace

of God.of God. Hard work and worldly success are signs of Hard work and worldly success are signs of

God’s grace.God’s grace. Education is essential in order to read the Education is essential in order to read the

Word of God.Word of God.

Grace: The Puritan IdealGrace: The Puritan Ideal

Grace—God’s special favor—was the only Grace—God’s special favor—was the only way to escape an eternity in Hell.way to escape an eternity in Hell.

People did not know for certain if they had People did not know for certain if they had grace, but they could feel the arrival of grace grace, but they could feel the arrival of grace as an intense emotion.as an intense emotion.

People who had grace were among the People who had grace were among the “elect” (saved).“elect” (saved).

People who did not have grace were among People who did not have grace were among the “unregenerate” (damned).the “unregenerate” (damned).

Puritan LiteraturePuritan Literature What the Puritans ReadWhat the Puritans Read

The Bible and other religious textsThe Bible and other religious texts

Why They ReadWhy They Read Puritans stressed individual responsibility for Puritans stressed individual responsibility for

spiritual development.spiritual development. Every person was responsible for reading and Every person was responsible for reading and

understanding the Bible.understanding the Bible.

Puritan Writing StylePuritan Writing Style Puritans favored a plain style of writing. Puritans favored a plain style of writing. Plain Plain

stylestyle is a way of writing that stresses is a way of writing that stresses simplicity and clarity of expression. Plain stylesimplicity and clarity of expression. Plain style emphasizes uncomplicated sentences and the use emphasizes uncomplicated sentences and the use

of everyday words from common speechof everyday words from common speech avoids elaborate figures of speech and imageryavoids elaborate figures of speech and imagery

““There is nothing between you and hell but the air; it is only There is nothing between you and hell but the air; it is only the power and mere pleasure of God that holds you up.”the power and mere pleasure of God that holds you up.”

from “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” by Jonathan Edwardsfrom “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” by Jonathan Edwards

Puritans in SalemPuritans in Salem 1692—Girls suffer from mysterious illness in 1692—Girls suffer from mysterious illness in

Salem, Massachusetts.Salem, Massachusetts. Doctors blame witchcraft.Doctors blame witchcraft. Mass hysteria erupts; neighbors accuse one Mass hysteria erupts; neighbors accuse one

another.another. In the end, about 150 people were accused, In the end, about 150 people were accused,

and 20 were executed.and 20 were executed.

Where are the Puritans Where are the Puritans today?today?

The Age of Faith gradually gave way to the The Age of Faith gradually gave way to the Age of Reason.Age of Reason.

Philosophers and scientists stressed the Philosophers and scientists stressed the importance of using reason, rather than religion, importance of using reason, rather than religion, to explain how the world operates. to explain how the world operates.

The Puritans didn’t disappear—their culture The Puritans didn’t disappear—their culture was absorbed into the colonial mainstream.was absorbed into the colonial mainstream.

Puritan LegacyPuritan Legacy

In the United States, In the United States, we generally valuewe generally value

individual rights and individual rights and responsibilitiesresponsibilities

equality of individualsequality of individuals literacy and educationliteracy and education spiritual and worldly spiritual and worldly

rewards for hard workrewards for hard work