the pharynx e-learning

8/2/2019 The Pharynx E-learning

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The Pharynx


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Pharynx

A funnel shaped fibromuscular tube extends from the base of

skull & continues below with esophagus at the level of ??

Divided into 3 parts:

Nasal: nasopharynx

Oral: oropharynx

Laryngeal: ?


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Walls of Pharynx

Ant. :deficient

communicates with?

Lat. & Post. Walls:

1. mucous memb.

2. fibrous covering

3. Muscles


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Muscles of Pharynx

(Read your text for origin, insertion, innervation & action of these muscles)

6 Muscles

3 constrictors:

Sup., mid. & inf.

- Run in circular direction & attached post. to pharyngeal raphe

- The successive contraction of these muscles produces theaction of swallowing

Overlap each other in the direction of ???


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Killians Dehiscence

Inferior constrictor m. consists of 2 parts:- Sup.: ??

- Inf.: ??

* A weak area presents between

The 2 parts of inf. constrictor m.

m.m. may protrude giving riseto a pharyngeal pouch


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3. Stylopharyngeus m.:

styloid process post. Border of ??pass between??

Innervation?

4. Palatopharyngeus m.:

Palatal apon. ?? Palatopharyngeal fold5. Salpingopharyngeus m.:

Auditory tube (medial end)

Blends with??

*All of these muscles help elevate the pharynx


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Nasopharynx

Post. To nasal cavity & above ??

Lined by ??

Contains:

- auditory tube:

opens into ??

- Tubal tonsil:

aggregation of lymph nodules

around ??

- Tubal elevation &Salpingopharyngeal fold

- Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid):in the submucosa of ??


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Oropharynx

Post. To oral cavity & opens to it

Through ??

between? At the level of ?

The floor is made by:post. 1/3 of tongue & ??

Contains:

Palatine tonsils:

between ?

over sup. Constrictor m.

tonsillar bed


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Oropharyngeal isthmus & Valleculae


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Relations of Palatine Tonsils

Ant.: ??

Post.: ??

Sup.: ??

Inf.: ??

Medially: ??

Laterally: ??


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Tonsillitis & Tonsillectomy

Tonsillitis: inflammation of the tonsils (palatine)

Acute (causes?) Vs. Chronic (cause?)

Tonsillectomy: removal of palatine tonsils

* Some argue that tonsilectomy is unnecessary surgery & may bedangerous because:

you remove one source of immunity

* Others argue that chronically inflamed tonsils are a site of

recurrent infection.

Inflammation of pharyngeal tonsil ?


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Laryngeopharynx

From epiglottis to cricoid C.

At vertebral level?

Lined by ?

Contains:

- Piriform fossa


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Piriform Fossa

A small recess (depression) on

Each side of laryngeal inlet

Bounded:

Med.: ?

Lat.: ?

Fxn.?

* Internal laryngeal n. passIn the fossa just beneath the m.m.


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Innervation of The Pharynx

Sensory:

Naso:

Oro:

Laryngeo:

Motor:

Pharyngeal plexus

to all muscles of pharynx Except?


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Gag Reflex

Involved both sensory & motor innervations of pharynx workingtogether

Sensory stimulation of pharyngeal mucosa

(via IX)

Contraction of pharyngeal musculature

(from XI via X to pharyngeal plexus)


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Relations of The Pharynx

Post.:

retropharyngeal space

& prevertebral fascia

Lat.:

carotid sheathIX

Ant.:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.


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Pharyngeal Gaps

4 gaps

Above sup. Constrictor m.:

Between sup. & mid. Constrictor m.:

Between mid & inf. Constrictors:

Below inf. Constrictor:


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Above Sup. Constrictor M.


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Waldeyers Tonsillar Ring

Pharyngeal Tonsil:single, roof of ??

Tubal Tonsils:

on lat. Walls of ??

Palatine Tonsils:

on lat. Walls of ??

Lingual Tonsil:single, floor of ??

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