the periodic table. when something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE PERIODIC
TABLE
![Page 2: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
When something occurs at regular
intervals(you can predict what happens / comes next)
PERIODIC
![Page 3: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
So what makes the periodic table periodic?
ATOMIC NUMBER!!!
(across the chart)
![Page 4: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The properties of the elements are a
periodic function of their atomic numbers
PERIODIC LAW
![Page 5: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
.
![Page 6: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
All of the elements in a horizontal
row
PERIOD
![Page 7: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
All of the elements in a vertical
column(aka Family)
GROUP
![Page 8: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907)
invented the periodic table based on
increasing atomic mass…and yes, he too, is your friend
![Page 9: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Henry Moseley (1913)
revised the periodic table based on
properties and atomic number
…and yes, he too, is your friend
![Page 10: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
s1 groupALKALI METALS
• Good Conductors
![Page 11: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
s2 group
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
• Harder, more dense, stronger than alkali
![Page 12: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
d sub energy level
TRANSITION METALS
• Columns 3-12
![Page 13: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
4f sub energy level
LANTHANOID SERIES
• Z = 57-70
![Page 14: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
5f sub energy level
ACTINOID SERIES
• Z = 89-102• All have radioactive forms (unstable p+ & N°)
![Page 15: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Columns 13, 14, 15, 16 are
named by the first element in the
column(e.g. Boron Group)
![Page 16: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
p5 groupHALOGENS
• Combine with metals to form salts
• Very reactive
![Page 17: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
p6 groupNOBLE GASES
• Inert gases (not reactive)• 8 valence electrons
![Page 18: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Classifications by e- Configuration
• Noble Gases: p6
• Representative Elements: s or p (not p6)
• Transition Metals: “d-block”
• Inner Transition Metals: “f-block”
![Page 19: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Stability of e-
configurations
![Page 20: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The eight outer electrons in an
atom
OCTET
![Page 21: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
FACT:Atoms with full outer energy levels are very stable (less reactive)
![Page 22: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
If an atom has 8 electrons in its outer
energy level, it is unreactive (save He)
OCTET RULE
![Page 23: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Pretend we had a sub-energy level with 8 electrons. When would it be most
stable?(The egg carton example)
![Page 24: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
FACT #2:Atoms with filled,
half filled, or empty sub-energy levels are slightly more stable
![Page 25: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Check out PT on pages 392-393.
Look at Cu. What is the e- configuration?
[Ar] 4s13d10…why???
![Page 26: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The atom is more stable if it has a full “d” sub-energy level and a ½ full “s” sub-
energy level
![Page 27: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Check out the PT on page 392-393.
Look at Gd. What is the e- configuration?
[Xe] 6s24f75d1…why???
![Page 28: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
To Review…How do we make sub energy levels more stable?
Move electrons so SUB-ENERGY levels are FULL,
HALF FULL, or COMPLETELY EMPTY
![Page 29: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Now…how do we make ENERGY LEVELS more
stable?
![Page 30: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Ways to make full outer energy levels:
•Add electrons to a partially filled outer energy level•Lose all electrons in the outer energy level•Share electrons with another atom
![Page 31: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Periodic Trends
![Page 32: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
ATOMIC RADIUS
The distance from the center of the nucleus
to the outermost energy level
![Page 33: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The atomic radius INCREASES
within a family
(just adding energy levels)
![Page 34: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The atomic radius DECREASES
within a period
(more positive charge pulling e-)
![Page 35: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
SHIELDING EFFECT
The positive pull is less because the distance between nucleus and electrons is greater
![Page 38: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
IONIZATION ENERGY
the energy required to remove an electron
from an atom
![Page 39: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
The ionization energy DECREASES as you
go down a family
(shielding effect)
![Page 40: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
The ionization energy
INCREASES across a period
(more p+ have more pull on e-)
![Page 41: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
ELECTRON AFFINITY
how much an atom desires another
electron
![Page 44: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
The electron affinity DECREASES as you
go down a family
(shielding effect)
![Page 45: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
The electron affinity INCREASES across a period
(except for the noble gases)
(more p+ have more pull on e-)
![Page 46: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
The tendency of an atom to attract electrons to
itself when it is bonded to another atom
![Page 48: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
The electronegativity DECREASES as you
go down a family
(shielding effect)
![Page 49: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
The electronegativity INCREASES across a
period
(more p+ have more pull on e-)
![Page 50: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: THE PERIODIC TABLE. When something occurs at regular intervals (you can predict what happens / comes next) PERIODIC](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032611/56649d015503460f949d4a48/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)