the periodic table. periods each row is called a “period” the elements in each period have the...
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The Periodic Table
Determining Shells and Valence Electrons
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Periods •Each row is called a “period”
1st Period = 1 Shell
2nd Period = 2 Shells
3rd Period = 3 Shells
4th Period = 4 Shells
•The elements in each period have the same number of shells
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Groups
•Each column is called a “group”
•Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”.
Group 1 = 1 electron
Group 2 = 2 electrons
Group 8 = 8 electrons
Except for He, it has 2 electrons
•The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons”
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3, 4, 5, 6, 7
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Transition Metals
•Transition Metals have slightly different rules for shells and valence electrons.
•This is something you will learn about in High School Chemistry.
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Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for:
Carbon - C2nd Period = 2 shells
4th Group = 4 valence electrons
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Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for:
Sodium - Na3rd Period = 3 shells
1st Group = 1 valence electron
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NeName the element. Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
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Ne
8th Group = 8 valence electrons
2nd Period = 2 shellsNeonName the element.
Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
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HName the element. Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
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H
1st Group = 1 valence electron
1st Period = 1 shellHydrogenName the element.
Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
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BeName the element. Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
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Be
2nd Group = 2 valence electrons
2nd Period = 2 shellsBerylliumName the element.
Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
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SName the element. Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
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S
6th Group = 6 valence electrons
3rd Period = 3 shellsSulfurName the element.
Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
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KName the element. Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
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K
1st Group = 1 valence electron
4th Period = 4 shellsPotassiumName the element.
Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
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HeName the element. Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
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He
8th Group = 2 valence electrons
1st Period = 1 shellHeliumName the element.
Number of shells ?Valence electrons ?
• Helium is the exception in Group 8.
• Since it has just one shell, that shell can only fit 2 electrons instead of 8.
• It is in this group because all the elements have a full outer shell.
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Be sure to have all your answers on the worksheet.
End of Study Guide
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The Atom and Periodic Table
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How to Draw Lewis Structures
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Lewis Structures
1) Find your element on the periodic table.2) Determine the number of valence electrons.3) This is how many electrons you will draw.
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Lewis Structures
• Find out which group (column) your element is in.
• This will tell you the number of valence electrons your element has.
• You will only draw the valence electrons.
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Groups - Review
•Each column is called a “group”
•Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”.
Group 1 = 1 electron
Group 2 = 2 electrons
Group 8 = 8 electrons
Except for He, it has 2 electrons
•The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons”www.chem4kids.com
3, 4, 5, 6, 7
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Lewis Structures
1) Write the element symbol.
2) Carbon is in the 4th group, so it has 4 valence electrons.
3) Starting at the right, draw 4 electrons, or dots, counter-clockwise around the element symbol.
C
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Lewis Structures
1) Check your work.2) Using your periodic
table, check that Carbon is in the 4th group.
3) You should have 4 total electrons, or dots, drawn in for Carbon.
C
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Lewis Structures
On your worksheet, try these elements on your own:
a) Hb) Pc) Cad) Are) Clf) Al
C
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Lewis Structures
On your worksheet, try these elements on your own:
a) Hb) Pc) Cad) Are) Clf) Al
H
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Lewis Structures
On your worksheet, try these elements on your own:
a) Hb) Pc) Cad) Are) Clf) Al
P
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Lewis Structures
On your worksheet, try these elements on your own:
a) Hb) Pc) Cad) Are) Clf) Al
Ca
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Lewis Structures
On your worksheet, try these elements on your own:
a) Hb) Pc) Cad) Are) Clf) Al
Ar
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Lewis Structures
On your worksheet, try these elements on your own:
a) Hb) Pc) Cad) Are) Clf) Al
Cl
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Lewis Structures
On your worksheet, try these elements on your own:
a) Hb) Pc) Cad) Are) Clf) Al
Al
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End of Study Guide.
Complete the Lewis Structure Worksheet
You should know how to draw Lewis Structures for the first 20 elements.
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