the people's guide to uruguay

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Contents


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Contents

Articles

History of Uruguay 1

Demographics of Uruguay 8

Geography of Uruguay 17

List of cities in Uruguay 24

Politics of Uruguay 26

Human rights in Uruguay 31

President of Uruguay 33

Economy of Uruguay 36

Culture of Uruguay 41

References

Article Sources and Contributors 45

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 46

Article Licenses

License 47


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History of Uruguay

Topics

CommunicationsCultureDemographicsEconomyEducationForeignrelationsGeographyGovernment

HistoryMilitaryPoliticsReligionTourismTransport

Uruguay

The history of Uruguay.

Pre-Columbian times and colonization

Uruguayan Indians Drawing from Hendrick

Ottsen journal, 1603.

The only documented inhabitants of Uruguay before European

colonization of the area were the Charrua, a small tribe driven south by

the Guaran of Paraguay. There have also been identified examples of

ancient rock art, at locations such as Chamang, and elsewhere.

The Spanish arrived in the territory of present-day Uruguay in 1516,

but the people's fierce resistance to conquest, combined with the

absence of gold and silver, limited settlement in the region during the

16th and 17th centuries. Uruguay became a zone of contention between

the Spanish and the Portuguese empires. In 1603 the Spanish began to

introduce cattle, which became a source of wealth in the region. The

first permanent settlement on the territory of present-day Uruguay was founded by the Spanish in 1624 at Soriano on

the Ro Negro. In 1669-71, the Portuguese built a fort at Colonia del Sacramento. Spanish colonization increased as

Spain sought to limit Portugal's expansion of Brazil's frontiers.

Montevideo was founded by the Spanish in the early 18th century as a military stronghold; its natural harbor soon

developed into a commercial center competing with Buenos Aires. Uruguay's early 19th century history was shaped

by ongoing fights between the British, Spanish, Portuguese, and colonial forces for dominance in the La Plata basin.

In 1806 and 1807, the British (enemies of Spain in the Napoleonic Wars) launched the British invasions of the Ro

de la Plata. Buenos Aires was invaded in 1806, and then liberated by forces from Montevideo led by Santiago de

Liniers. A new and stronger attack in 1807 aimed to Montevideo first, which was occupied by a 10,000-strongBritish force. The British forces were unable to invade Buenos Aires a second time, and Liniers demanded the
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santiago_de_Liniershttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santiago_de_Liniershttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santiago_de_Liniershttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_invasions_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Platahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_invasions_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Platahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Napoleonic_Warshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buenos_Aireshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montevideohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portugalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colonia_del_Sacramentohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R%C3%ADo_Negro_%28Uruguay%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Villa_Sorianohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cattlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chamang%C3%A1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rock_arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paraguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guarani_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charruahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colonizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AToortse_Rio_de_la_Plata.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_of_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Communications_in_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AFlag_of_Uruguay.svg


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liberation of Montevideo in the terms of capitulation. The British gave up their attacks over Spanish territories when

the Peninsular War turned Britain and Spain into allies against Napoleon.

Struggle for independence

Jos Gervasio Artigas, as depicted by Juan

Manuel Blanes.

In 1811, Jos Gervasio Artigas, who became Uruguay's national hero,

launched a successful revolt against Spain, defeating Spanish forces on

May 18 in the Battle of Las Piedras. In 1814 he formed the Liga

Federal (Federal League) of which he was declared Protector.

The steady growth of influence and prestige of the Federal League

frightened the Portuguese government, which did not want the

League's republicanism to spread to the adjoining Portuguese colony of

Brazil. In August, 1816 forces from Brazil invaded the Eastern

Province, with the intention of destroying the protector and his

revolution. The Portuguese forces, thanks to their numerical and

material superiority, occupied Montevideo on January 20, 1817, andfinally after struggling for three years in the countryside, defeated

Artigas in the Battle of Tacuaremb. In 1821, the Eastern Province of

the Ro de la Plata (present-day Uruguay), was annexed by Brazil

under the name of Provncia Cisplatina. In response, the Thirty-Three

Orientals led by Juan Antonio Lavalleja declared independence on

August 25, 1825 supported by the United Provinces of the Ro de la

Plata, present-day Argentina.

This led to the 500-day Cisplatine War. Neither side gained the upper

hand, and in 1828 the Treaty of Montevideo, fostered by Britain, gave birth to Uruguay as an independent state. The

nation's first constitution was adopted on July 18, 1830. For the remainder of the 19th century, under a series of

elected and appointed presidents, Uruguay saw interventions by and conflicts with neighboring states, political

and economic fluctuations, and large inflows of immigrants, mostly from Europe.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1828_Treaty_of_Montevideohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cisplatine_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Provinces_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Platahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Provinces_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Platahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan_Antonio_Lavallejahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thirty-Three_Orientalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thirty-Three_Orientalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cisplatinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Banda_Orientalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Banda_Orientalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tacuaremb%C3%B3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Banda_Orientalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Banda_Orientalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liga_Federalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liga_Federalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Las_Piedrashttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Gervasio_Artigashttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AJuan_Manuel_Blanes_-_Artigas_en_la_Ciudadela.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan_Manuel_Blaneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan_Manuel_Blaneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peninsular_War


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The "Guerra Grande" 1839-1852

Manuel Oribe.

Fructuoso Rivera.

The political scene in Uruguay became split between two parties, the

conservative Blancos ("Whites") and the liberal Colorados ("Reds").

The Colorados were led by Fructuoso Rivera and represented the

business interests of Montevideo; the Blancos were headed by Manuel

Oribe, who looked after the agricultural interests of the countryside andpromoted protectionism. The two groups took their names from the

color of the armbands that they wore; initially, the Colorados wore

blue, but when it faded in the sun, they replaced it with red. The

Uruguayan parties became associated with warring political factions in

neighbouring Argentina. The Colorados favored the exiled Argentinian

liberal Unitarios, many of whom had taken refuge in Montevideo,

while the Blanco president Manuel Oribe was a close friend of the

Argentine governor Juan Manuel de Rosas. Oribe took Rosas's side

when the French navy blockaded Buenos Aires in 1838. This led the

Colorados and the exiled Unitarios to seek French backing against

Oribe and on June 15, 1838, an army led by the Colorado leader Rivera

overthrew the president, who fled to Argentina. The Argentinian

Unitarios formed a government-in-exile in Montevideo and, with secret

French encouragement, Rivera declared war on Rosas in 1839. The

conflict would last thirteen years and become known as the "Guerra

Grande" (the "Great War"). In 1840, an army of exiled Unitarios

attempted to invade northern Argentina from Uruguay but they had

little success. Two years later, an Argentinian army overran Uruguay

on Oribe's behalf. They seized most of the country but failed to take

the capital. The siege of Montevideo, which began in February 1843,

would last nine years and capture the world's imagination. Alexandre

Dumas, pre compared it to a new Trojan War. The besieged

Uruguayans called on resident foreigners for help and a French and an

Italian legion were formed. The latter was led by the exiled Giuseppe

Garibaldi, who was working as a mathematics teacher in Montevideo

when the war broke out. Garibaldi was also made head of the

Uruguayan navy. He was involved in many famous actions during the

war, notably the Battle of San Antonio, which won him a worldwide

reputation as a formidable guerrilla leader. The Argentinian blockade

of Montevideo was ineffective as Rosas generally tried not to interfere

with international shipping on the River Plate. But in 1845, when access to Paraguay was blocked, Britain and

France allied against Rosas, seized his fleet and began a blockade of Buenos Aires, while Brazil joined in against

Argentina. Rosas reached peace deals with Great Britain and France in 1849 and 1850 respectively. The French

agreed to withdraw their legion if Rosas evacuated Argentinian troops from Uruguay. Oribe still maintained a loose

siege of the capital. In 1851, the Argentinian caudillo Justo Jos de Urquiza turned against Rosas and signed a pact

with the exiled Unitarios, the Uruguayan Colorados and Brazil against him. Urquiza crossed into Uruguay, defeated

Oribe and lifted the siege of Montevideo. He then overthrew Rosas at the Battle of Caseros on February 3, 1852.

With Rosas's defeat and exile, the "Guerra Grande" finally came to an end. Slavery was abolished in 1852.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Caseroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Justo_Jos%C3%A9_de_Urquizahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caudillohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Garibaldihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Garibaldihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trojan_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Dumas%2C_p%C3%A8rehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Dumas%2C_p%C3%A8rehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uruguayan_Civil_War%23The_Great_Siegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan_Manuel_de_Rosashttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Oribehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unitarian_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Oribehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Oribehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fructuoso_Riverahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colorado_Party_%28Uruguay%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Party_%28Uruguay%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AFructuoso_Rivera.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AManuel_Oribe_por_Rose.jpg


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Social and economic developments up to 1890

After the "Guerra Grande" there was a steady rise in the number of immigrants, above all from Italy and Spain. The

number of immigrants had risen from 48% of the population in 1860 to 68% in 1868. In the 1870s, a further 100,000

Europeans arrived, so that by 1879 about 438,000 people were living in Uruguay, a quarter of them in Montevideo. [1]

In 1857, the first bank was opened; three years later a canal system was begun, the first telegraph line was set up, and

rail links were built between the capital and the countryside. The Italians set up the Camera di Commercio Italiana diMontevideo (Italian Chamber of Commerce of Montevideo) which played a strategic role in trade with Italy and

building up the Italian middle class in the city.

The economy saw a steep upswing after the "Guerra Grande", above all in livestock raising and export. Between

1860 and 1868, the number of sheep rose from three to seventeen million. The reason for this increase lay above all

in the improved methods of husbandry introduced by European immigrants.

Montevideo became a major economic centre of the region. Thanks to its natural harbour, it became an entrepot for

goods from Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. The towns of Paysand and Salto, both on the River Uruguay, also

experienced similar development.

20th century

Modernization

Jos Batlle y Ordez, president from 1903 to 1907 and again from 1911 to 1915, set the pattern for Uruguay's

modern political development. He established widespread political, social, and economic reforms such as a welfare

program, government participation in many facets of the economy, and a plural executive. Some of these reforms

were continued by his successors.

Around 1900 infant mortality rates (IMR) in Uruguay were among the world's lowest, indicating a very healthy

population. By 1910, however, the IMR leveled off, while it continued to drop in other countries. The leading causes

of death diarrheal and respiratory diseases did not decline, indicating a growing public health problem.[2]

During World War I, Uruguay sided against Germany and broke off diplomatic relations. It did not play a role in the

combat operations.

In 1930, Uruguay was chosen as the site of the first Football World Cup. Although the field was much smaller than

the competitions of today, the event provided national pride when the home team won the tournament over their

neighbors Argentina.

World War II

On December 13, 1939 the Battle of the River Plate took place off the coast of Uruguay between British forces and

the German "pocket battleship"Admiral Graf Spee. After a 72-hour layover in port of Montevideo the captain of theGraf Spee, believing he was hopelessly outnumbered by the British, ordered the ship to be scuttled. Most of the

surviving crew of 1,150 were interned in Uruguay and Argentina and many remained after the war. A German

Embassy official in Uruguay said his government has sent an official letter stating its position as to whether

Germany claims ownership of the vessel. The German claim would be invalid because early in 1940 the Nazi

government sold salvaging rights to the vessel to a Uruguayan businessman who was acting on behalf of the British

government. However, any salvaging rights would have expired under Uruguayan law. By 1940 Germany had

threatened to break off diplomatic relations with Uruguay. Germany protested that Uruguay gave safe harbor to the

HMS Carnarvon Castle after it was attacked by a Nazi raider. The ship was repaired with steel plate reportedly

salvaged from the Graf Spee.

On January 25, 1942 Uruguay broke diplomatic relations with Nazi Germany, as 21 American nations did the same

(except for Argentina). In 1945, it formally joined the Declaration by United Nations.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nazi_Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carnarvon_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Declaration_by_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Declaration_by_United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carnarvon_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nazi_Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salvaging_rightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nazi_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nazi_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montevideohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_cruiser_Admiral_Graf_Speehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_River_Platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Football_World_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_War_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Batlle_y_Ord%C3%B3%C3%B1ezhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salto%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paysand%C3%BAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Uruguayanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italian_Uruguayanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immigration_to_Uruguay


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Economic distress

In the late 1950s, partly because of a decrease in demand in the world market for agricultural products, Uruguay

began having economic problems, which included inflation, mass unemployment, and a steep drop in the standard of

living for Uruguayan workers. This led to student militancy and labor unrest.

Tupamaros guerrillas

An urban guerrilla movement known as the Tupamaros formed in the early 1960s, first robbing banks and

distributing food and money in poor neighborhoods, then undertaking political kidnappings and attacks on security

forces. Their efforts succeeded in first embarrassing, and then destabilizing, the government.

The US Office of Public Safety (OPS) began operating in Uruguay in 1965. The US OPS trained Uruguayan police

and intelligence in policing and interrogration techniques. The Uruguayan Chief of Police Intelligence, Alejandro

Otero, told a Brazilian newspaper in 1970 that the OPS, especially the head of the OPS in Uruguay, Dan Mitrione,

had instructed the Uruguayan police how to torture suspects, especially with electrical implements.

DictatorshipPresident Jorge Pacheco declared a state of emergency in 1968, and this was followed by a further suspension of

civil liberties in 1972 by his successor, President Juan Mara Bordaberry. President Bordaberry brought the Army in

to combat the guerrillas of the Movement of National Liberation (MLN), which was led by Ral Sendic. After

defeating the Tupamaros, the military seized power in 1973. Torture was effectively used to gather information

needed to break up the MLN and also against trade union officers, members of the Communist Party and even

regular citizens. Torture practices extended until the end of Uruguayan dictatorship in 1985. Uruguay soon had the

highest per capita percentage of political prisoners in the world. The MLN heads were isolated in improvised prisons

and subjected to repeated acts of torture. Emigration from Uruguay rose drastically, as large numbers of Uruguayans

looked for political asylum throughout the world.

Bordaberry was finally removed from his "president charge" in 1976. He was first succeeded by Alberto Demicheli.

Subsequently a national council chosen by the military government elected Aparicio Mndez. In 1980, in order to

legitimize their position, the armed forces proposed a change in the constitution, to be subjected to a popular vote by

a referendum. The "No" votesagainst the constitutional changes totalled 57.2% of the votes, showing the

unpopularity of the de facto government, that was later accelerated by an economic crisis.

In 1981, General Gregorio lvarez assumed the presidency. Massive protests against the dictatorship broke out in

1984. After a 24-hour general strike, talks began and the armed forces announced a plan for return to civilian rule.

National elections were held later in 1984. Colorado Party leader Julio Mara Sanguinetti won the presidency and,

following the brief interim Presidency of Rafael Addiego Bruno, served from 1985 to 1990. The first Sanguinetti

administration implemented economic reforms and consolidated democratization following the country's years undermilitary rule. Nonetheless, Sanguinetti never supported the human rights violations accusations, and his government

did not prosecute the military officials who engaged in repression and torture against either the Tupamaros or the

MLN. Instead, he opted for signing an amnesty treaty called in Spanish "Ley de Amnistia."

Around 180 Uruguayans are known to have been killed during the 12-year military rule from 1973-1985. Most were

killed in Argentina and other neighbouring countries, with only 36 of them having been killed in Uruguay. A large

number of those killed, were never found and the missing people have been referred to as the "disappeared", or

"desaparecidos" in Spanish.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rafael_Addiego_Brunohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julio_Mar%C3%ADa_Sanguinettihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colorado_Party_%28Uruguay%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gregorio_Conrado_%C3%81lvarezhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uruguayan_constitutional_referendum%2C_1980http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uruguayan_constitutional_referendum%2C_1980http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aparicio_M%C3%A9ndezhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alberto_Demichelihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emigration_from_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tupamaroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ra%C3%BAl_Sendichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan_Mar%C3%ADa_Bordaberryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jorge_Pacheco_Arecohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dan_Mitrionehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Public_Safetyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tupamaros


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Recent history

Modern Montevideo

Sanguinetti's economic reforms, focusing on

the attraction of foreign trade and capital,

achieved some success and stabilized the

economy. In order to promote national

reconciliation and facilitate the return ofdemocratic civilian rule, Sanguinetti secured

public approval by plebiscite of a controversial general amnesty for military leaders accused of committing human

rights violations under the military regime and sped the release of former guerrillas.

The National Party's Luis Alberto Lacalle won the 1989 presidential election and served from 1990 to 1995.

President Lacalle executed major economic structural reforms and pursued further liberalization of trade regimes,

including Uruguay's inclusion in the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) in 1991. Despite economic growth

during Lacalle's term, adjustment and privatization efforts provoked political opposition, and some reforms were

overturned by referendum.

In the 1994 elections, former President Sanguinetti won a new term, which ran from 1995 until March 2000. As nosingle party had a majority in the General Assembly, the National Party joined with Sanguinetti's Colorado Party in a

coalition government. The Sanguinetti government continued Uruguay's economic reforms and integration into

MERCOSUR. Other important reforms were aimed at improving the electoral system, social security, education, and

public safety. The economy grew steadily for most of Sanguinetti's term until low commodity prices and economic

difficulties in its main export markets caused a recession in 1999, which continued into 2002.

The 1999 national elections were held under a new electoral system established by a 1996 constitutional amendment.

Primaries in April decided single presidential candidates for each party, and national elections on October 31

determined representation in the legislature. As no presidential candidate received a majority in the October election,

a runoff was held in November. In the runoff, Colorado Party candidate Jorge Batlle, aided by the support of the

National Party, defeated Broad Front candidate Tabar Vzquez.The Colorado and National Parties continued their legislative coalition, as neither party by itself won as many seats

as the 40% of each house won by the Broad Front coalition. The formal coalition ended in November 2002, when the

Blancos withdrew their ministers from the cabinet, although the Blancos continued to support the Colorados on most

issues.

Batlle's five-year term was marked by economic recession and uncertainty, first with the 1999 devaluation of the

Brazilian real, then with the outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (aftosa) in Uruguay's key beef sector in 2001, and

finally with the political and economic collapse of Argentina. Unemployment rose to close to twenty percent, real

wages fell, the peso was devalued and the percentage of Uruguayans in poverty reached almost forty percent.

These worsening economic conditions played a part in turning public opinion against the free market economicpolicies adopted by the Batlle administration and its predecessors, leading to popular rejection through plebiscites of

proposals for privatization of the state petroleum company in 2003 and of the state water company in 2004. In 2004

Uruguayans elected Tabar Vzquez as president, while giving the Broad Front coalition a majority in both houses

of parliament. The newly elected government, while pledging to continue payments on Uruguay's external debt, has

also promised to undertake a crash jobs programs to attack the widespread problems of poverty and unemployment.

In 2009, former Tupamaro and agriculture minister Jos Mujica, was elected president, subsequently succeeding

Vzquez on March 1, 2010.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mujicahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Privatizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plebiscitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Free_markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foot-and-mouth_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazilian_realhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tabar%C3%A9_V%C3%A1zquezhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Broad_Front_%28Uruguay%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jorge_Batllehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MERCOSURhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_Common_Markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luis_Alberto_Lacallehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AMontevideo_D%C3%A9cembre_2007_-_Plaza_de_Armas_2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montevideo


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References

[1] Michael Goebel, "Gauchos, Gringos and Gallegos: The Assimilation of Italian and Spanish Immigrants in the Making of Modern Uruguay

18801930,"Past & Present, Aug 2010, Vol. 208 Issue 1, pp 191-229

[2] Anne-Emanuelle Birn, et al. "The infant mortality conundrum in Uruguay during the first half of the twentieth century: an analysis according

to causes of death," Continuity & Change, 2010, Vol. 25 Issue 3, pp 435-461

Bibliography and further reading

Finch, M. H. J.A Political Economy of Uruguay since 1870 (London, 1981)

Goebel, Michael. "Gauchos, Gringos and Gallegos: The Assimilation of Italian and Spanish Immigrants in the

Making of Modern Uruguay 18801930,"Past and Present (August 2010) 208(1): 191-229 doi:

10.1093/pastj/gtp037 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtp037)

Oddone, Juan Antonio. "The Formation of Modern Uruguay, c.18701930", in Leslie Bethell ed., The Cambridge

History of Latin America, v, c.1870 to 1930 (Cambridge U.P., 1986),

Panizza, Francisco. "Late Institutionalisation and Early Modernisation: The Emergence of Uruguays Liberal

Democratic Political Order",Journal of Latin American Studies (1997) v 29

Rock, David, and Fernando Lpez-Alves. "State-Building and Political Systems in Nineteenth-Century Argentinaand Uruguay",Past and Present, no. 167 (May 2000).

Weinstein, Martin. Uruguay: The Politics of Failure (Greenwood, 1975)

Historiography

Bresciano, Juan Andrs. "L'Immigrazione Italiana in Uruguay Nella Piu Recente Storiografia (1990-2005)."

["Italian immigration to Uruguay in the most recent historiography, 1990-2005"] Studi Emigrazione, June 2008,

Vol. 45 Issue 170, pp 287-299

External links

Uruguayan Government Portal (http://portal.gub.uy/)

U.S. State Department Background Note: Uruguay (http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2091.htm)

The Economic History of Uruguay (http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/Bertola.Uruguay.final) from EH.NET's

Encyclopedia

Information about Uruguay (http://www.alluruguay.com)

Mongabay.com: Uruguay History (http://www.mongabay.com/reference/country_studies/uruguay/

HISTORY.html)
http://www.mongabay.com/reference/country_studies/uruguay/HISTORY.htmlhttp://www.mongabay.com/reference/country_studies/uruguay/HISTORY.htmlhttp://www.alluruguay.com/http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/Bertola.Uruguay.finalhttp://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2091.htmhttp://portal.gub.uy/http://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fpastj%2Fgtp037http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digital_object_identifier


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Demographics of Uruguay

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Uruguay, including population density, ethnicity,

education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Topics

CommunicationsCultureDemographicsEconomyEducationForeignrelations

GeographyGovernmentHistoryMilitaryPoliticsReligionTourismTransport

Uruguay

Population

Demographics of Uruguay, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in

thousands.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AUruguay-demography.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FAOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_of_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Communications_in_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AFlag_of_Uruguay.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethnic_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Population_densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics


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Census population inthousands

Year Pop. % p.a.

1852 132

1860 229.5 +7.16%

1908 1,042.7 +3.20%

1963 2,595.5 +1.67%

1975 2,788.4 +0.60%

1985 2,955.2 +0.58%

1996 3,163.8 +0.62%

2004 3,241 +0.30%

2011 3,286.3 +0.20%

According to the 2010 revison of the World Population Prospects the total population was 3,369,000 in 2010,compared to only 2,239,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 22.5%, 63.7% was

between 15 and 65 years of age, while 13.8% was 65 years or older . [1]

Total

population

(x 1000)

Proportion

aged 014

(%)

Proportion

aged

1564

(%)

Proportion

aged 65+

(%)

1950 2 239 27.9 63.9 8.2

1955 2 372 27.6 64.3 8.1

1960 2 538 27.8 64.1 8.1

1965 2 694 28.1 63.6 8.3

1970 2 809 27.9 63.3 8.8

1975 2 829 27.7 62.7 9.6

1980 2 915 26.9 62.7 10.4

1985 3 011 26.8 62.3 10.9

1990 3 109 26.0 62.4 11.6

1995 3 223 25.0 62.6 12.4

2000 3 319 24.5 62.4 13.0

2005 3 323 23.8 62.8 13.5

2010 3 369 22.5 63.7 13.8


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Vital statistics

UN estimates

The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates for Uruguay.

Period Live

births

per year

Deaths

per year

Natural

change

per year

CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR* Life

expectancy

total

Life

expectancy

males

Life

expectancy

females

1950-1955 49 000 24 000 25 000 21.2 10.5 10.7 2.73 57 66.0 63.3 69.3

1955-1960 54 000 25 000 29 000 21.9 10.0 11.9 2.83 53 67.0 64.2 70.3

1960-1965 57 000 25 000 32 000 21.9 9.5 12.4 2.90 48 68.3 65.3 71.5

1965-1970 56 000 26 000 30 000 20.5 9.6 10.8 2.80 47 68.5 65.5 71.8

1970-1975 60 000 28 000 32 000 21.1 10.0 11.1 3.00 46 68.7 65.6 72.1

1975-1980 58 000 29 000 29 000 20.2 10.1 10.1 2.89 42 69.5 66.3 73.1

1980-1985 54 000 29 000 25 000 18.3 9.8 8.5 2.57 34 70.9 67.6 74.5

1985-1990 56 000 30 000 26 000 18.2 9.8 8.4 2.53 23 72.1 68.6 75.7

1990-1995 58 000 31 000 27 000 18.2 9.7 8.5 2.49 20 73.0 69.2 76.8

1995-2000 55 000 31 000 24 000 16.9 9.5 7.4 2.30 16 74.2 70.4 77.9

2000-2005 53 000 31 000 22 000 15.9 9.5 6.5 2.20 14 75.3 71.6 78.9

2005-2010 51 000 31 000 20 000 15.1 9.3 5.8 2.12 13 76.4 72.7 79.9

* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000

births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Births and deaths[2][3]

Average population (x

1000)

Live

births

Deaths Natural

change

Crude birth rate (per

1000)

Crude death rate (per

1000)

Natural change (per

1000)

1900 926 30 580 12 878 17 702 33.0 13.9 19.1

1901 951 31 703 12 504 19 199 33.3 13.1 20.2

1902 976 31 526 13 439 18 087 32.3 13.8 18.5

1903 1 004 32 600 13 673 18 927 32.5 13.6 18.9

1904 1 023 26 984 11 515 15 469 26.4 11.3 15.1

1905 1 056 33 709 13 612 20 097 31.9 12.9 19.0

1906 1 087 32 578 15 083 17 495 30.0 13.9 16.1

1907 1 124 33 657 15 561 18 096 29.9 13.8 16.1

1908 1 043 35 520 14 421 21 099 34.1 13.8 20.2

1909 1 079 35 663 15 249 20 414 33.1 14.1 18.9

1910 1 116 35 927 16 515 19 412 32.2 14.8 17.4

1911 1 160 37 530 16 552 20 978 32.4 14.3 18.1

1912 1 208 39 171 16 745 22 426 32.4 13.9 18.6

1913 1 261 40 315 15 374 24 941 32.0 12.2 19.8

1914 1 297 38 571 15 350 23 221 29.7 11.8 17.9
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1915 1 327 38 046 16 602 21 444 28.7 12.5 16.2

1916 1 359 36 983 20 338 16 645 27.2 15.0 12.2

1917 1 387 36 752 17 348 19 404 26.5 12.5 14.0

1918 1 409 38 914 20 009 18 905 27.6 14.2 13.4

1919 1 442 39 307 18 904 20 403 27.3 13.1 14.1

1920 1 473 39 335 19 041 20 294 26.7 12.9 13.8

1921 1 505 39 611 18 449 21 162 26.3 12.3 14.1

1922 1 542 40 261 16 415 23 846 26.1 10.6 15.5

1923 1 579 40 231 18 110 22 121 25.5 11.5 14.0

1924 1 616 41 880 19 132 22 748 25.9 11.8 14.1

1925 1 653 42 167 19 332 22 835 25.5 11.7 13.8

1926 1 695 43 091 17 828 25 263 25.4 10.5 14.9

1927 1 737 42 845 19 939 22 906 24.7 11.5 13.2

1928 1 782 44 632 19 070 25 562 25.0 10.7 14.3

1929 1 823 44 236 19 660 24 576 24.3 10.8 13.5

1930 1 875 45 718 20 049 25 669 24.4 10.7 13.7

1931 1 922 44 854 21 163 23 691 23.3 11.0 12.3

1932 1 956 44 036 19 825 24 211 22.5 10.1 12.4

1933 1 982 41 650 20 358 21 292 21.0 10.3 10.7

1934 2 007 41 337 20 065 21 272 20.6 10.0 10.6

1935 2 030 41 426 21 514 19 912 20.4 10.6 9.8

1936 2 053 40 705 19 843 20 862 19.8 9.7 10.2

1937 2 080 41 337 21 561 19 776 19.9 10.4 9.5

1938 2 108 41 701 21 658 20 043 19.8 10.3 9.5

1939 2 132 42 862 19 341 23 521 20.1 9.1 11.0

1940 2 155 42 893 20 695 22 198 19.9 9.6 10.3

1941 2 175 44 287 20 381 23 906 20.4 9.4 11.0

1942 2 194 42 670 20 646 22 024 19.4 9.4 10.0

1943 2 211 43 500 20 738 22 762 19.7 9.4 10.3

1944 2 216 46 443 19 990 26 453 21.0 9.0 11.91945 2 266 49 021 19 627 29 394 21.6 8.7 13.0

1946 2 290 48 978 18 415 30 563 21.4 8.0 13.3

1947 2 317 46 796 20 139 26 657 20.2 8.7 11.5

1948 2 343 49 033 19 326 29 707 20.9 8.2 12.7

1949 2 383 54 838 18 351 36 487 23.0 7.7 15.3

1950 2 239 56 858 19 199 37 659 25.4 8.6 16.8

1951 2 261 45 281 19 190 26 091 20.0 8.5 11.5

1952 2 286 46 710 19 083 27 627 20.4 8.4 12.1

1953 2 313 47 464 19 408 28 056 20.5 8.4 12.1


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1954 2 342 49 888 19 153 30 735 21.3 8.2 13.1

1955 2 373 56 111 20 611 35 500 23.7 8.7 15.0

1956 2 405 56 389 19 895 36 494 23.5 8.3 15.2

1957 2 438 56 337 21 722 34 615 23.1 8.9 14.2

1958 2 471 57 100 20 937 36 163 23.1 8.5 14.6

1959 2 505 56 589 23 523 33 066 22.6 9.4 13.2

1960 2 539 56 302 22 104 38 507 22.2 8.7 15.2

1961 2 572 54 950 21 954 42 503 21.4 8.5 16.5

1962 2 604 56 120 22 563 43 541 21.6 8.7 16.7

1963 2 635 57 141 23 524 39 542 21.7 8.9 15.0

1964 2 666 55 100 24 118 38 707 20.7 9.0 14.5

1965 2 695 53 830 24 774 35 440 20.0 9.2 13.2

1966 2 723 51 120 24 862 33 966 18.8 9.1 12.5

1967 2 750 52 010 26 484 34 024 18.9 9.6 12.4

1968 2 775 53 330 25 991 35 277 19.2 9.4 12.7

1969 2 795 56 750 27 544 28 456 20.3 9.9 10.2

1970 2 810 54 870 26 441 28 429 19.5 9.4 10.1

1971 2 818 55 990 28 527 27 463 19.9 10.1 9.7

1972 2 822 56 470 28 327 28 143 20.0 10.0 10.0

1973 2 822 56 640 28 438 28 202 20.1 10.1 10.0

1974 2 824 58 280 28 289 29 991 20.7 10.0 10.6

1975 2 830 59 140 27 437 31 703 20.9 9.7 11.2

1976 2 842 59 190 28 845 30 345 20.8 10.2 10.7

1977 2 857 57 976 28 927 29 049 20.3 10.1 10.2

1978 2 876 57 276 28 041 29 235 19.9 9.8 10.2

1979 2 896 55 770 28 321 27 449 19.3 9.8 9.5

1980 2 916 53 854 29 844 24 010 19.1 10.6 8.5

1981 2 935 53 923 27 644 26 279 18.4 9.4 9.0

1982 2 954 53 713 27 186 26 527 18.2 9.2 9.0

1983 2 973 53 405 28 475 24 930 18.0 9.6 8.41984 2 993 53 348 30 011 23 337 17.8 10.0 7.8

1985 3 012 53 766 28 566 25 200 17.9 9.5 8.4

1986 3 031 54 080 28 791 25 289 17.9 9.5 8.4

1987 3 050 53 368 29 885 23 483 17.5 9.8 7.7

1988 3 069 55 798 30 912 24 886 18.2 10.1 8.1

1989 3 089 55 324 29 621 25 703 17.9 9.6 8.3

1990 3 110 56 013 30 210 26 277 18.0 9.7 8.5

1991 3 132 54 754 29 774 24 980 17.5 9.5 8.0

1992 3 155 54 190 30 008 24 182 17.2 9.5 7.7


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Amerindians make up a small population in the Rural North-West region, with Mestizos making up 6% of the

Population.

Demographic Distribution

Metropolitan Montevideo, with about one and a half million inhabitants, is the capital and largest city. The rest of the

urban population lives in about 20 towns. Montevideo is about 200 kilometers (120 mi) away from Buenos Aires inneighboring Argentina.

Uruguay is distinguished by its high literacy rate (97.3%) and a large urban middle class.

As a result of the low birth rate, high life expectancy, and relatively high rate of emigration of younger people,

Uruguay's population is quite mature. In 2006, the country had a birth rate of 13.91 births per thousand population,

lower than neighboring countries Argentina (16.73 births/1000 population)[3] and Brazil (16.56 births/1,000

population).

Emigration

During the past four decades, an estimated 500,000 Uruguayans had emigrated, principally to Brazil, Argentina andEurope. (Spain is the main destination for Uruguayans, but they are also drawn to the United Kingdom, Italy, France

and Germany).[citation needed] Other Uruguayans went to various countries in Europe, Australia and the USA. There

are 500,000 Uruguayans in Brazil, the largest community of this group and many came there to escape political

persecution in the 1970s.

Neighboring ties and short distances between Uruguayan cities and Argentine capital Buenos Aires, have drawn a

path of success for very talented Uruguayans who settled in the neighbor country and became famous and locally

accepted. Some famous Uruguayans who excelled in Argentina are entrepreneur and financier Juan Navarro, sports

journalist Victor Hugo Morales, singer and actress Natalia Oreiro, soccer players Antonio Alzamendi, Enzo

Francescoli and Carlos Goyen, actor Daniel Hendler, actress China Zorrilla, entertainer Carlos Perciavalle and

former playboy and journalist Luis Csar Avils.

Emigration to the United States also rose recently, but remains a small part of the US population. The majority of

Uruguayans in the US live in New York City, New Jersey, Washington, D.C. and urban areas of California.

Religion

Religion in Uruguay (2008)

Religion Percent

Roman Catholic 45.7%

Non-Catholic Christian 9.0%

Nonsectarian believers 30.1%

Atheist 12.0%

Agnostic 2.0%

Other 1.2%

Uruguay has no official religion, church and state are officially separated and religious freedom is guaranteed. A

2008 survey by the Instituto Nacional de Estadstica of Uruguay gave Catholicism as the main religion, with 45.7%

of the population, 9.0% are non-Catholic Christians, 0.6% are Animists or Umbandists (an Afro-Brazilian religion)

and 0.4% Jewish. 30.1% reported believing in a god, but not belonging to any religion, while 14% were Atheist orAgnostic. Among the sizeable Armenian community in Montevideo the dominant religion is Christianity,
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agnostichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armenians_in_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agnostichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atheisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afro-Brazilianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Umbandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animistshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Instituto_Nacional_de_Estad%C3%ADstica_%28Uruguay%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_freedomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agnostichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atheisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nonsectarianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roman_Catholichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Jerseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luis_C%C3%A9sar_Avil%C3%A9shttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Perciavallehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=China_Zorrillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Hendlerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Goyenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enzo_Francescolihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enzo_Francescolihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Alzamendihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natalia_Oreirohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victor_Hugo_Moraleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan_Navarrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buenos_Aireshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montevideohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mestizohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amerindians


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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.5% (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

9,900 (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

fewer than 500 (2007 est.)

Racial groups

European 88%, Mestizo 8%, Black 4%, Amerindian


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Geography of Uruguay

Geography of Uruguay

Continent South America

Region Americas

Coordinates 3300S 5600W[1]

Area

Total 176,215 km2(68,037 sq mi)

Coastline 660 km (410 mi)

Borders Total land borders:

1564 km

Argentina: 579 km

Brazil: 985 km

Highest point Cerro Catedral (514 m)

Lowest point Atlantic Ocean (0 m)

Longest river Rio Negro

Topics

CommunicationsCultureDemographics

EconomyEducationForeignrelationsGeographyGovernmentHistoryMilitaryPoliticsReligionTourismTransport

Uruguay
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_of_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Communications_in_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AFlag_of_Uruguay.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R%C3%ADo_Negro_%28Uruguay%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atlantic_Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cerro_Catedral_%28Uruguay%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Land_bordershttp://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Uruguay&params=33_00_S_56_00_W_type:countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Americashttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Americahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Uruguay_mapa.png


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A satellite image of Uruguay

Shaded relief map of Uruguay

Uruguay is a country in Southern South

America, bordering the South Atlantic

Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil. It is

located in the Southern Hemisphere on the

Atlantic seaboard of South America

between 53 and 58 west longitude and 30and 35 south latitude. It is bounded on the

west by Argentina, on the north and

northeast by Brazil, and on the southeast by

the Atlantic Ocean.

To the south, it fronts the Ro de la Plata, a

broad estuary that opens out into the South

Atlantic. Montevideo, the capital and major

port, sits on the banks of the Ro de la Plata

and is on approximately the same latitude as

Cape Town and Sydney. Uruguay is the

smallest Spanish-speaking nation in South

America with a land area of 173,620 km2

(67,035 sq mi) and a water area of

2,600 km2(1,004 sq mi).

Topography andhydrography

Most of Uruguay is a rolling plain that

represents a transition from the almost

featureless Argentine pampas to the hilly

uplands of southern Brazil. The country

itself has flat plains on its eastern, southern,

and western edges. The narrow Atlantic

coastal plain is sandy and marshy,

occasionally broken by shallow lagoons.

The littorals of the Ro de la Plata and the

Ro Uruguay are somewhat broader and

merge more gradually into the hilly interior.

The remaining two-quarters of the country is

a rolling plateau marked by ranges of low

hills that become more prominent in the

north as they merge into the highlands of

southern Brazil. Even these hilly areas are

remarkably featureless, however, and

elevations seldom exceed 200 meters.

Uruguay is a water-rich land. Prominent

bodies of water mark its limits on the east,
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21/46


Political map of Uruguay

south, and west, and even most of the

boundary with Brazil follows small rivers.

Lakes and lagoons are numerous, and a high

water table makes digging wells easy.

Three systems of rivers drain the land: rivers

flow westward to the Ro Uruguay, eastwardto the Atlantic or tidal lagoons bordering the

ocean, and south to the Ro de la Plata. The

Ro Uruguay, which forms the border with

Argentina, is flanked by low banks, and

disastrous floods sometimes inundate large

areas. The longest and most important of the

rivers draining westward is the Ro Negro,

which crosses the entire country from

northeast to west before emptying into the

Ro Uruguay. A dam on the Ro Negro atPaso de los Toros has created a

reservoirthe Embalse del Ro Negrothat

is the largest artificial lake in South

America. The Ro Negro's principal

tributary and the country's second most

important river is the Y River (Ro Y). The

rivers flowing east to the Atlantic are

generally shallower and have more variable flow than the other rivers. Many empty into lagoons in the coastal plain.

The largest coastal lagoon, Laguna Mern, forms part of the border with Brazil. Six smaller lagoons, some freshwater

and some brackish, line the coast farther south.

Climate

Located entirely within the temperate zone, Uruguay has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa according to the Kppen

climate classification) that is fairly uniform nationwide. Seasonal variations are pronounced, but extremes in

temperature are rare. As would be expected by its abundance of water, high humidity and fog are common. The

absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, makes all locations vulnerable to high winds and rapid changes

in weather as fronts or storms sweep across the country. Weather is sometimes humid.

Seasons are fairly well defined, and in most of Uruguay spring is usually damp, cool, and windy; summers are warm;autumns are mild; and winters are chilly and uncomfortably damp. Northwestern Uruguay, however, is farther from

large bodies of water and therefore has warmer summers and milder and drier winters than the rest of the country.

Average highs and lows in summer (January) in Montevideo are 28 and 17 C (82.4 and 62.6 F), respectively, with

an absolute maximum of 43 C (109.4 F); comparable numbers for Artigas in the northwest are 33 and 18 C (91.4

and 64.4 F), with the highest temperature ever recorded (42 C or 107.6 F). Winter (July) average highs and lows

in Montevideo are 14 and 6 C (57.2 and 42.8 F), respectively, although the high humidity makes the temperatures

feel colder; the lowest temperature registered in Montevideo is 4 C (24.8 F). Averages in July of a high of 18 C

(64.4 F) and a low of 7 C (44.6 F) in Artigas confirm the milder winters in northwestern Uruguay, but even here

temperatures have dropped to a subfreezing 4 C (24.8 F).

Rainfall is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year, and annual amounts increase from southeast to northwest.Montevideo averages annually, and Artigas receives 1,235 millimeters (48.6 in) in an average year. As in most
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montevideohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humid_subtropical_climatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laguna_Mer%C3%ADnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Y%C3%AD_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R%C3%ADo_Negro_%28Uruguay%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R%C3%ADo_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AUruguay_pol_95.jpg


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temperate climates, rainfall results from the passage of cold fronts in winter, falling in overcast drizzly spells, and

summer thunderstorms are frequent.

High winds are a disagreeable characteristic of the weather, particularly during the winter and spring, and wind shifts

are sudden and pronounced. A winter warm spell can be abruptly broken by a strong pampero, a chilly and

occasionally violent wind blowing north from the Argentine pampas. Summer winds off the ocean, however, have

the salutary effect of tempering warm daytime temperatures.

Land use and settlement patterns

Uruguay may be divided into four regions, based on social, economic, and geographical factors. The regions include

the interior, the littoral, Greater Montevideo, and the coast.

The interior

This largest region includes the departments of Artigas, Cerro Largo, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Rivera,

Salto, Tacuaremb, and Treinta y Tres and the eastern halves of Paysand, Ro Negro, and Soriano. The topsoil is

thin and unsuited to intensive agriculture, but it nourishes abundant natural pasture.Only 2 to 3% of Uruguay's land is forested. An estimated 30,000 to 40,000 km2(15,444 sq mi) (17 to 23% of the

total land) are arable, but only one-third of this (about 7% of the total productive land) was cultivated in 1990.

Almost all of the interior consisted of cattle and sheep ranches; pasture accounted for 89% of the country's

productive land.

Sheep rearing was typically undertaken on medium-sized farms concentrated in the west and south. It began to boom

as an export industry in the last quarter of the 19th century, particularly following the invention of barbed wire,

which allowed the easy enclosure of properties. Uruguayan wool is of moderate quality, not quite up to Australian

standards.

Cattle ranches, or estancias, for beef and hides were typically quite large (over 10 km) and were concentrated in the

north and east. (Dairying was concentrated in the department of Colonia.) Because ranching required little labor,

merely a few gauchos, the interior lacked a peasantry and large towns. Despite being sparsely populated, however,

the interior was relatively urbanized in that the capital of each department usually contained about half the

inhabitants. Social and economic development indicators were lowest for the departments along the Brazilian border

to the northeast. Government attempts to encourage agricultural colonization by means of land reform in the interior

had largely failed in economic terms, as had the promotion of wheat production. One exception, rice, most of which

was produced in the east, had become a major nontraditional export in recent years.
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The Littoral

Countryside in San Jose department

Stretching west along the Ro de la Plata from

Montevideo, are the agricultural and dairying

departments of San Jos and Colonia. To the

north along the Ro Uruguay lie the departments

of Soriano, Ro Negro, Paysand and Salto. Theirwestern halves form part of the litoral, a region

that is somewhat more developed than the

interior. Here soils are alluvial and more fertile,

favoring crop production and farms of more

modest size than in the interior. Citrus cultivation

for export has increased in the departments along

the Ro Uruguay. The department of Colonia,

some of which was settled by the Swiss, was

famous for the production of milk, butter, cheese,

and dulce de leche (a dessert made from concentrated milk and sugar). Most wheat (in which Uruguay wasself-sufficient) also was produced in this region.

Construction with Argentina of the Salto Grande Dam across the Ro Uruguay north of Salto was a major boost to

the development of the northern litoral in the 1970s. By contrast, the closure of the famous meat-packing plant at

Fray Bentos in the department of Ro Negro transformed it into a virtual ghost town. Farther south, the litoral

economy had benefited from completion of the General Artigas Bridge across the Ro Uruguay from Paysand to the

Argentine province of Entre Ros. However, the advent of a convenient (if circuitous) land route from Montevideo to

Buenos Aires via the new bridge reduced freight and passenger traffic through the small port of Colonia on the Ro

de la Plata just opposite the Argentine capital. To compensate, the Uruguayan government encouraged the

architectural restoration of Colonia, which was originally built by the Portuguese in colonial times. By 1990 Coloniahad become one of Uruguay's most historic tourist attractions, and many of its houses had been bought by

vacationers from Buenos Aires.

Greater Montevideo

According to the 2004 census, the population of the department of Montevideo was 1,325,968,[2] and that of the

neighboring department of Canelones was 485,240,[3] out of a total population of 3,241,003.[4] Thus, these

departments and the eastern portion of San Jos, which together constituted the Greater Montevideo region, held

over one-half of Uruguay's population. This monocephalic pattern of settlement was more pronounced in Uruguay

than in any other nation of the world, barring citystates. The 2004 census indicated a population density of about

2,475 inhabitants per square kilometer in the department of Montevideo and about 80 inhabitants per squarekilometer in the department of Canelones. Densities elsewhere in the country were dramatically lower.

Montevideo was originally founded on a promontory beside a large bay that forms a perfect natural harbor. In the

19th century, the British promoted it as a rival port to Buenos Aires. The city has expanded tosuch an extent that by

1990 it covered most of the department. The original area of settlement, known as the Old City, lies adjacent to the

port, but the central business district and the middle-class residential areas have moved eastward. The only exception

to this pattern of eastward expansion is that banking and finance continued to cluster in the Old City around the

Stock Exchange, the Bank of Uruguay (Banco de la Repblica Oriental del UruguayBROU), and the Central Bank

of Uruguay.

Since the 1950s, Montevideo's prosperous middle classes have tended to abandon the formerly fashionabledowntown areas for the more modern high-rise apartment buildings of Pocitos, a beachfront neighborhood east of the
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pocitoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pocitoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pocitoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pocitoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pocitoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pocitoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pocitoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colonia_del_Sacramentohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Entre_R%C3%ADos_Provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Artigas_Bridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fray_Bentoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salto_Grande_Damhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Litoralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Jos%C3%A9_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3APradera_y_bosque_de_ribera_Uruguay.JPG


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center. Still farther east lies the expensive area of Carrasco, a zone of modern luxury villas that has come to replace

the old neighborhood of El Prado in the north of the city as home to the country's wealthy elite. Its beaches were less

polluted than those closer to the center. Montevideo's Carrasco International Airport is located nearby, crossing the

border to Canelones Department. The capital's principal artery, 18 July Avenue, was long the principal shopping

street of Montevideo, but it has been hurt since the mid-1980s by the construction of a modern shopping mall

strategically located between Pocitos and Carrasco.

Montevideo's poorer neighborhoods tended to be located in the north of the city and around the bay in the areas of

industrial activity. However, the degree of spatial separation of social classes was moderate by the standards of other

cities in South America. Starting in the 1970s, the city began to acquire a belt of shantytowns around its outskirts,

but in 1990 these remained small compared with Rio de Janeiro or Guayaquil, for example. About 60,000 families

lived in such shantytowns, known in Uruguay as cantegriles. An intensive program of public housing construction

was undertaken in the 1970s and 1980s, but it had not solved the problem by 1990.

In 1990 Greater Montevideo was by far the most developed region of Uruguay and dominated the nation

economically and culturally. It was home to the country's two universities, its principal hospitals, and most of its

communications media (television stations, radio stations, newspapers, and magazines). Attempts by the military

governments from 1973 to 1985 to promote the development of the north of the country (partly for strategic reasons)failed to change this pattern of extreme centralization. In one way, however, they achieved a major success: the

introduction of direct dialing revolutionized the country's longdistance telephone system. By contrast, the local

telephone network in Montevideo remained so hopelessly antiquated and unreliable that many firms relied on courier

services to get messages to other downtown businesses.

Until the construction boom of the late 1970s, relatively few modern buildings had been constructed. In many parts

of the center, elegant nineteenth-century houses built around a central patio were still to be seen in 1990. In some

cases, the patio was open to the air, but in most cases it was covered by a skylight, some of which were made of

elaborate stained glass. Few of these houses were used for single-family occupancy, however, and many had been

converted into low-cost apartments.

The middle classes preferred to live in more modern apartments near the city center or the University of the

Republic. Alternatively, they might purchase a single-family villa with a small yard at the back. Many of these were

close to the beaches running east from the downtown along the avenue known as the Rambla. In Pocitos, however,

high-rise apartments had replaced the single-family homes on those streets closest to the beach.

The coast

Stretching east from Montevideo along the Ro de la Plata are the departments of Canelones, Maldonado, and Rocha.

The inland portion of Canelones is an area of small farms and truck gardens, which produce vegetables for the

capital. It was relatively poor in 1990. Many inhabitants of the department's small towns also commuted to jobs in

Montevideo by express bus. Along the coast lie a string of small seaside towns (balnearios), from which moreprosperous employees had also begun to commute. Farther east in the highly developed department of Maldonado

lies the major resort of Punta del Este. This has been developed as a fashionable playground more for Argentines

than for average Uruguayans, who found it too expensive. With its hotels, restaurants, casino, and nightclubs, Punta

del Este was a major export earner, and it dominated Uruguay's tourism industry.

Vacationing Uruguayans of more modest means were concentrated in smaller resorts such as Piripolis and

Atlntida, which are closer to Montevideo. Beyond Punta del Este in the still mostly undeveloped department of

Rocha, a number of communities had sprouted along the unspoiled Atlantic coast with its kilometres of sandy

beaches and huge breakers. These small vacation communitiessuch as Aguas Dulces and Cabo Polonio, both in

Rocha Departmentwere entirely unplanned and lacked essential services. In many cases, simple holiday chalets

had been built on public property adjoining the seashore without any legal title to the land. In 1990 the authorities inRocha Department announced plans to regulate and improve this development in hopes of encouraging visits by
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punta_del_Estehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rio_de_Janeirohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carrasco_International_Airporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prado%2C_Montevideohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carrasco%2C_Montevideo


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higher-spending tourists.

Regional development

Uruguay's regions differed markedly not only in population size and density but also in their indexes of social and

economic development, including education, health care, communications, energy consumption, and

industrialization. Least developed were the northern ranching departments along the Brazilian borderArtigas,Rivera, and Cerro Largoand also Tacuaremb. Somewhat more developed was a band of six departments

stretching across the center of the country, from west to east: Ro Negro, Flores, Florida, Durazno, Treinta y Tres,

and Rocha. More industrialized and urbanized, but still quite poor, were the departments of Soriano and Salto,

which, as noted previously, benefited from the construction of a bridge and a dam, respectively, across the Ro

Uruguay in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The two remaining western departmentsColonia and Paysandwere

the most developed of the littoral.

Three departments close to MontevideoSan Jos, Canelones, and Lavallejapresented a contradictory picture of

relatively advanced economic development combined with low indexes of social modernization. Finally,

Montevideo and the department of Maldonado (which is strongly affected by the tourism industry in Punta del Este)

had the highest indexes of social and economic development in the country.

Maritime claims:

continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

territorial sea: 200 nmi (370.4 km; 230.2 mi); overflight and navigation guaranteed beyond 12 nmi (22.2 km;

13.8 mi)

Natural resources:arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fisheries

Irrigated land:1,180 km2 (2003)

Total renewable water resources: 139 km3 (2011)

Environment - current issues: water pollution from meat packing/tannery industry; inadequate solid/hazardous

waste disposal

Environment - international agreements:

party to:Antarctic Treaty, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto

Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol,

Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation

Antipodes

Uruguay is only marginally antipodal to any other land mass. The northern corner on the Argentinian border, north

and south of the town of Salto, are opposite a few small islands and bits of coast off Shanghai. The eastern corner onthe Brazilian border, including the town of Cebollat, overlaps half the South Korean island of Jeju, while the eastern

coast corresponds to some small islands off the southwestern tip of South Korea, such as Jindo Island ( Cabo

Polonio).

External links

Uruguayan Government Portal [5]
http://portal.gub.uy/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cabo_Poloniohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cabo_Poloniohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jindo_Islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeju_Islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cebollat%C3%ADhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salto%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antipodeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marine_Life_Conservationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marine_Dumpinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wetlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ship_Pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ozone_Layer_Protectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law_of_the_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyoto_Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazardous_Wasteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Environmental_Modificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endangered_Specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Desertificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyoto_Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyoto_Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biodiversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antarctic-Environmental_Protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antarctic_Treatyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazardous_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hazardous_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mineralshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydropowerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arable_landhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nautical_mile


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References

[1] http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Uruguay&params=33_00_S_56_00_W_type:country

[2] 2004 census Montevideo Department (http://www.ine.gub. uy/fase1new/Montevideo/Cuadro7_01.XLS)

[3] 2004 census Canelones Department (http://www.ine.gub. uy/fase1new/Canelones/Cuadro7_03.XLS)

[4] 2004 census Totals (http://www.ine.gub. uy/fase1new/TotalPais/divulgacion_TotalPais.asp)

[5] http://portal.gub.uy/

Rex A. Hudson and Sandra W. Meditz, editors. Uruguay: A Country Study (http://countrystudies.us/uruguay/).Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1990.

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Library of Congress

Country Studies.

List of cities in Uruguay

The list of cities in Uruguay is a list of all populated centres of Uruguay that have received the status of "Ciudad"

(City). There are several populated places that have not received this status, with a population below 10,000 but as

big as that of many cities. The ranks shown are only among cities and not including their wider metropolitan areas.The 39 top ones are the biggest populated centres of Uruguay.

The year given is not the year of foundation but that of the acquisition of "City" status. If this status was obtained on

an unknown date before the Independence of Uruguay, the foundation year is given in parentheses, or the date it was

declared a "Villa" (Town) followed by an asterisk*.

Rank City Year Population Department

1985 Census 1996 Census 2004 Census 2011 Census

1 Montevideo (1724) 1,251,647 1,303,182 1,269,648 1,319,108 Montevideo

2 Salto 1863 80,823 93,117 99,072 104,028 Salto3 Ciudad de la Costa 1994 34,483 66,596 83,399 95,176* Canelones

4 Paysand 1863 76,191 74,568 73,272 76,412 Paysand

5 Las Piedras 1925 58,288 66,584 69,222 71,258 Canelones

6 Rivera 1912 57,316 62,859 64,426 64,465 Rivera

7 Maldonado (1755) 33,536 48,936 54,603 62,590 Maldonado

8 Tacuaremb 1912 40,413 45,891 51,224 54,755 Tacuaremb

9 Melo 1895 42,615 46,883 50,578 51,830 Cerro Largo

10 Mercedes 1857 36,702 39,320 42,032 41,974 Soriano

11 Artigas 1915 35,119 40,244 41,687 40,658 Artigas

12 Minas 1888 34,661 37,146 37,925 38,446 Lavalleja

13 San Jos de Mayo 1856 31,827 34,552 36,339 36,743 San Jos

14 Durazno 1906 27,835 30,607 33,576 34,368 Durazno

15 Florida 1894 28,445 31,594 32,128 33,639 Florida

16 Barros Blancos 2006 10,585 13,464 13,553 31,650 Canelones

17 Ciudad del Plata 2006 35,588 (2009 estimate) 31,145 San Jos

18 San Carlos 1929 19,878 24,030 24,771 27,471 Maldonado

19 Colonia del Sacramento 1809* 19,101 22,200 21,714 26,213 Colonia

20 Pando 1920 19,797 23,384 24,004 25,947 Canelones
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canelones_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pando%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colonia_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colonia_del_Sacramentohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maldonado_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Carlos%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Jos%C3%A9_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ciudad_del_Platahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canelones_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barros_Blancoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Florida_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Florida%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durazno_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duraznohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Jos%C3%A9_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Jos%C3%A9_de_Mayohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lavalleja_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minas%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artigas_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artigas%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soriano_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercedes%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cerro_Largo_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melo%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tacuaremb%C3%B3_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tacuaremb%C3%B3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maldonado_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maldonado%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rivera_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Riverahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canelones_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Las_Piedras%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paysand%C3%BA_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paysand%C3%BAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canelones_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ciudad_de_la_Costahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salto_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salto%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montevideo_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montevideohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Congress_Country_Studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Congress_Country_Studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copyright_status_of_work_by_the_U.S._governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:PD-icon.svghttp://countrystudies.us/uruguay/http://portal.gub.uy/http://www.ine.gub.uy/fase1new/TotalPais/divulgacion_TotalPais.asphttp://www.ine.gub.uy/fase1new/Canelones/Cuadro7_03.XLShttp://www.ine.gub.uy/fase1new/Montevideo/Cuadro7_01.XLShttp://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Uruguay&params=33_00_S_56_00_W_type:country


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21 Treinta y Tres 1915 28,117 26,390 25,711 25,477 Treinta y Tres

22 Rocha 1894 24,015 26,017 25,538 25,422 Rocha

23 Fray Bentos 1900 20,135 21,959 23,122 22,406 Ro Negro

24 Trinidad 1903 18,372 20,031 20,982 21,429 Flores

25 La Paz 1957 16,209 19,547 19,832 20,524 Canelones

26 Canelones 1916 17,325 19,388 19,631 19,865 Canelones

27 Carmelo 1920 14,127 16,658 16,866 18,041 Colonia

28 Dolores 1923 12,914 14,784 15,753 17,174 Soriano

29 Young 1963 12,249 14,567 15,759 16,756 Ro Negro

30 Santa Luca 1925 14,951 16,764 16,425 16,742 Canelones

31 Progreso 1981 11,244 14,471 15,775 16,244 Canelones

32 Ro Branco 1953 9,035 12,215 13,456 14,604 Cerro Largo

33 Paso de los Toros 1953 12,826 13,315 13,231 12,985 Tacuaremb

34 Juan Lacaze 1953 12,574 12,988 13,196 12,816 Colonia

35 Bella Unin 1963 12,238 13,537 13,187 12,200 Artigas

36 Nueva Helvecia 1952 8,768 9,650 10,002 10,630 Colonia

37 Libertad 1963 7,032 8,353 9,196 10,166 San Jos

38 Rosario 1920 8,879 9,428 9,311 10,085 Colonia

39 Nueva Palmira 1953 7,151 8,339 9,230 9,857 Colonia

40 Chuy 1981 8,257 9,804 10,401 9,675 Rocha

41 Punta del Este 1957 6,731 8,294 7,298 9,277 Maldonado

42 Piripolis 1960 5,878 7,570 7,899 8,830 Maldonado

43 Salinas 1982 2,523 5,279 6,574 8,626 Canelones

44 Parque del Plata 1969 3,229 4,993 5,900 7,896 Canelones

45 Lascano 1952 7,152 7,134 6,994 7,645 Rocha

46 Castillos 1952 6,836 7,346 7,649 7,541 Rocha

47 Tranqueras 1994 4,862 5,967 7,284 7,235 Rivera

48 Sarand del Y 1956 5,910 6,662 7,289 7,176 Durazno

49 San Ramn 1953 7,001 6,828 6,992 7,133 Canelones

50 Tarariras 1969 5,535 6,174 6,070 6,632 Colonia51 Pan De Azcar 1961 5,513 6,532 7,098 6,597 Maldonado

52 Sauce 1973 4,294 4,932 5,797 6,132 Canelones

53 Sarand Grande 1956 5,379 5,635 6,362 6,130 Florida

54 Atlntida 1967 2,764 3,989 4,580 5,562 Canelones

55 Jos Pedro Varela 1967 4,077 4,983 5,332 5,118 Lavalleja

56 Tala 1960 4,197 4,720 4,939 5,089 Canelones

57 Guichn 1964 4,284 4,826 5,025 5,039 Paysand

58 Cardona 1963 3,822 4,579 4,689 4,600 Soriano

59 San Jacinto 1976 2,795 3,596 3,909 4,510 Canelones
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canelones_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Jacinto%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soriano_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cardona%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paysand%C3%BA_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guich%C3%B3nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canelones_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tala%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lavalleja_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Pedro_Varela%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canelones_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atl%C3%A1ntida%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Florida_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarand%C3%AD_Grandehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canelones_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sauce%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maldonado_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pan_De_Az%C3%BAcar%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colonia_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tararirashttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canelones_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Ram%C3%B3n%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Durazno_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarand%C3%AD_del_Y%C3%ADhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rivera_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tranquerashttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rocha_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Castilloshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rocha_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lascanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canelones_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parque_del_Platahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canelones_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salinas%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maldonado_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Piri%C3%A1polishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maldonado_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punta_del_Estehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rocha_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chuyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colonia_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nueva_Palmirahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colonia_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosario%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Jos%C3%A9_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Libertad%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colonia_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nueva_Helveciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artigas_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bella_Uni%C3%B3nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colonia_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan_Lacazehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tacuaremb%C3%B3_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paso_de_los_Toroshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cerro_Largo_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R%C3%ADo_Branco%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canelones_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Progreso%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canelones_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa_Luc%C3%ADa%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R%C3%ADo_Negro_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Young%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soriano_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dolores%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colonia_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carmelo%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canelones_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canelones%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canelones_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La_Paz%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flores_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trinidad%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R%C3%ADo_Negro_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fray_Bentoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rocha_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rocha%2C_Uruguayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treinta_y_Tres_Departmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treinta_y_Tres


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60 Toledo 1995 3,321 3,487 4,028 4,397 Canelones

61 Vergara 1994 3,379 3,983 3,985 3,810 Treinta y Tres

62 Santa Rosa 1972 2,808 3,263 3,660 3,727 Canelones

63 Florencio Snchez 1995 2,562 3,038 3,526 3,716 Colonia

64 La Paloma 1982 2,235 3,084 3,202 3,495 Rocha

65 San Gregorio de Polanco 1994 2,856 3,101 3,673 3,415 Tacuaremb

66 Ombes de Lavalle 1984 3,024 3,189 3,451 3,390 Colonia

67 Colonia Valdense 1982 2,409 2,876 3,087 3,235 Colonia

68 Cerrillos 1971 1,763 1,916 2,080 2,508 Canelones

69 Aigu 1956 2,362 2,567 2,676 2,465 Maldonado

70 Migues 1970 2,079 2,004 2,180 2,109 Canelones

71 Dr. Francisco Soca 1971 1,667 1,764 1,742 1,797 Canelones

* According to the INE, during the 2011 census, the population Paso de Carrasco and some barrios not belonging tothe municipality of Ciudad de la Costa were counted as part of the city. This would bring its population to 112,447.

However, Wikipedia takes the number 95,178 as the one reflecting the population of what is officially defined as

"Ciudad de la Costa" and which coincides with the limits of the municipality of the same name.

Source:Instituto Nacional de Estadstica de Uruguay

References

Politics of Uruguay

Uruguay

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