the on track survey 2011...the on track survey 2011 the destinations of school leavers in victoria...

1The On Track Survey 2012

The On Track Survey 2011The Destinations of School Leavers in Victoria

State-wide Report

Published by the Communications Division for the Data, Outcomes and Evaluation Division Office for Children and Portfolio Coordination Department of Education and Early Childhood Development

Melbourne March 2012

© State of Victoria (Department of Education and Early Childhood Development) 2012

The copyright in this document is owned by the State of Victoria (Department of Education and Early Childhood Development), or in the case of some materials, by third parties (third party materials). No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968, the National Education Access Licence for Schools (NEALS) or with permission.

An educational institution situated in Australia which is not conducted for profit, or a body responsible for administering such an

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Authorised by the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development, 2 Treasury Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002.

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This document is also available on the internet at www.education.vic.gov.au/ontrack

Contents Acknowledgements v

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

Aims of On Track 1

The On Track survey and reporting 1 Year 12 or equivalent completers sample 2 Early school leavers sample 3

Confidence intervals 3

Chapter 2 Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers 5

Main destinations in 2011 5 Destinations by gender 6 Destinations by senior certificate and study strand 7 Destinations by socioeconomic status 7 Destinations by Indigenous status 10 Destinations by language background 11 Destinations by geographic location 12

Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers, 2003–2011 15

Year 12 or equivalent completers in campus-based tertiary study 15 Socioeconomic background and gender 16 Participation in the labour force 17

Year 12 or equivalent completers in apprenticeships and traineeships 17 Occupations of apprentices and trainees 18 Apprentices and trainees by DEECD region 20

Year 12 or equivalent completers not continuing in education or training 21 Reasons for Year 12 or equivalent completers not continuing

in education and training 23 Year 12 or equivalent completers not in the labour force, education or training (NILFET) 24

Year 12 or equivalent completers who deferred tertiary study 24 Reasons for Year 12 or equivalent completers deferring 26 Main activities of those who deferred tertiary study, by gender 27

Chapter 3 Destinations of early school leavers 29

Main destinations in 2011 29 Destinations by socioeconomic status 32 Destinations by Indigenous status 34 Destinations by language background 35 Destinations by geographic location 35

Destinations of early school leavers, 2003–2011 38

Early school leavers not in education or training 39 Reasons for early school leavers not continuing in education

and training 40

Reasons for leaving school early 41

Appendix 1 Enrolments in VCE Vocational Education and Training (VET) 43

Appendix 2 Respondents requesting referrals 56

List of tables

Table 1 Year 12 or equivalent completers: target population and achieved sample 2

Table 2 Year 12 or equivalent completers: certificate completed in 2010 3

Table 3 Early school leavers 2011: target population and achieved sample, by year level of exit in 2010 3

Table 4 Confidence intervals, 2011 On Track surveys 4

Table 5 Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers, April 2011 5

Table 6 Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers, by gender, April 2011 6

Table 7 Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers, by senior certificate, study strand and gender, April 2011 8

Table 8 Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers by socioeconomic status (SES) and gender, April 2011 9

Table 9 Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers from an Indigenous background, by gender, April 2011 10

Table 10 Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers from a language background other than English, by gender, April 2011 11

Table 11 Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers, by DEECD region and gender, April 2011 13

Table 12 Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers (showing deferrers separately), 2003–2011 15

Table 13 Level of study of Year 12 or equivalent completers in campus-based tertiary study, by SES quarter and gender, April 2011 16

Table 14 Labour force status of Year 12 or equivalent completers in campus-based tertiary study, by level of study, 2011 17

Table 15 Level of study of Year 12 or equivalent completers in an apprenticeship or traineeship, by gender, April 2011 18

Table 16 Occupational categories of apprentices and trainees, Year 12 or equivalent completers, by gender, April 2011 19

Table 17 Participation in apprenticeships and traineeships by Year 12 or equivalent completers, by DEECD region and gender, April 2011 20

Table 18 Occupations of Year 12 or equivalent completers employed full-time or part-time and not in education or training, by gender, 2011 22

Table 19 Reasons for not continuing in education or training, Year 12 or equivalent completers not in education or training, 2011 23

Table 20 Characteristics of Year 12 or equivalent completers who deferred tertiary study in 2011 and those who commenced tertiary study in 2011 25

Table 21 Reasons for deferring tertiary study, by geographic location, 2011 26

Table 22 Main activities of those who deferred tertiary study, by gender 27

Table 23 Destinations of early school leavers, by gender, May 2011 30

Table 24 Destinations of early school leavers, by year level of exit, May 2011 31

Table 25 Destinations of early school leavers by socioeconomic status (SES) and gender, May 2011 33

Table 26 Destinations of early school leavers from an Indigenous background, by gender, May 2011 34

Table 27 Destinations of early school leavers from a language background other than English, by gender, May 2011 35

Table 28 Destinations of early school leavers, by DEECD region and gender, May 2011 36

Table 29 Destinations of early school leavers, 2003-2011 38

Table 30 Occupations of early school leavers employed full-time or part-time and not in education or training, by gender, May 2011 39

Table 31 Reasons for not continuing in education or training, early school leavers not in education or training, May 2011 40

Table 32 Reasons given by early leavers for leaving school, by gender 41

Table A1 VCE VET enrolments in 2010, by certificate 43

Table A2 Referral status of Year 12 or equivalent completers, by the LLEN area in which their school was located 56

Table A3 Referral status of early school leavers, by the LLEN area in which their school was located 59

iv The On Track Survey 2011

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Trish Corrie, Joyce Cleary, Michelle Hill and Sara Glover of the Victorian Department of Education and Early Childhood Development. The input and advice of other members of the Office for Children and Portfolio Coordination are also acknowledged. Particular thanks are also extended to the Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority and the Victorian Tertiary Admissions Centre for their cooperation and technical expertise.

We especially appreciate the efforts of more than 38 000 Victorian school leavers who gave up their time to participate in the survey and the assistance of the school principals and teachers who facilitated and encouraged their participation.

The interviews were conducted by our partner, the Social Research Centre, and we thank Graham Challis, Tina Petroulias and the rest of the SRC team for their major contribution.

We also appreciate the assistance of our ACER colleagues Viv Acker, Justin Brown, Trish Firth, Gary Marks and Phillip McKenzie with different aspects of the project.

All responsibility for the management of the data and for the interpretations and conclusions set out in this report rests with the authors.

This research is funded by the Victorian Department of Education and Early Childhood Development.

Sheldon Rothman Catherine Underwood

Australian Council for Educational Research December 2011

vAcknowledgements

vi The On Track Survey 2011

Aims of On Track

The On Track project was initiated in 2003. Since the first large-scale survey in that year, around 350,000 school leavers have participated in the On Track surveys, providing valuable insights into their post-school destinations and pathways. The On Track survey seeks to:

• Offer a consistent and comprehensive approach to monitoring the transitions of school leavers;

• Report the information to schools, TAFE institutions and other education providers, organisations concerned with assisting young people, policymakers, parents and students;

• Provide detailed analyses of the transitions experienced by different groups of leavers;

• Enable education providers to use the findings to monitor and improve their programs; and

• Provide a referral service for school leavers who appear to be experiencing difficulties in the transition process.

The On Track survey and reporting

The On Track survey was conducted in April–May 2011 by the Social Research Centre (SRC) in collaboration with the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER). This involved a short telephone survey of school leavers who had earlier agreed to participate. Separate questionnaires were used for Year 12 or equivalent completers and early school leavers. The questionnaires were updated and revised in minor ways from those used in 2010. The questionnaires are available from the On Track website, http://www.education.vic.gov.au/sensecyouth/ontrack.

Participants in the On Track survey are guaranteed confidentiality and it is not possible to identify individual school leavers in any reporting. In keeping with the requirements of privacy legislation, permission to use names and contact details of Years 10, 11 and 12 students enrolled in the VCE, VCAL or IB was sought through a question on each student’s Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority (VCAA) enrolment form in early 2010. International students were defined as out-of-scope for the purposes of On Track and were not included in the information provided by the VCAA.

This report is based on data from telephone surveys of 35,002 Year 12 or equivalent completers and 3768 early leavers from the 2010 school year. The information was collected in April and May 2011. The report focuses on analyses at the state and regional levels. Results for individual schools were published in June 2011. All On Track reports, including those from the longitudinal component of the program, are available from the On Track website. Individual school results can also be found at the My School website of the Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (http://www.myschool.edu.au/).

Chapter 1: Introduction

1Introduction

Year 12 or equivalent completers sample

Year 12 or equivalent completers are defined as those who completed a Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE), International Baccalaureate (IB) or Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning (VCAL, Senior or Intermediate). The sample includes those who completed such qualifications in schools (98.2%), or in TAFE institutions or adult and community education providers (1.8%).

Of the 52,991 Year 12 or equivalent completers in 2010, 46,020 (86.8%) allowed their contact details to be released. The names and telephone numbers of this group were supplied by the VCAA to the research team at the Social Research Centre. There were 35,002 successful responses, (66.1% of all Year 12 or equivalent completers, or 76.1% of those who agreed to take part).

Table 1 provides a summary of the target population and achieved sample, and losses due to opting-out and non-contact.

The gender make-up of the achieved sample of 35,002 was marginally different from that of the target sample: 53.9% of respondents were female compared to 53.5% of the target sample. Sector composition was also similar between the achieved sample and target sample. Completers from Government schools represented 52.2% of the target sample and 51.8% of respondents. Completers from Catholic schools represented 23.4% of the target sample and 24.8% of respondents; from Independent schools, 22.0% of the target sample and 21.6% of respondents; and from adult education providers, 2.3% of the target sample and 1.8% of respondents. The regional distribution of schools attended by Year 12 completers in the achieved sample also showed little deviation from those in the target sample: 73.8% of students in the target sample attended schools located in metropolitan regions, as had 73.6% of respondents.

The vast majority of the certificates completed by the survey respondents completed the VCE qualification (93.0%), followed by VCAL (6.1%) and IB (0.9%), as shown in Table 2. Since the 2008 survey, the proportion of completers who received a VCAL certificate only has increased from 4.6% to 6.1%.

Table 1 Year 12 or equivalent completers: target population and achieved sample

Category Number Percentage (%)

Surveyed (achieved sample) 35,002 66.1

Opted-out 6,971 13.2

Declined on contact 1,262 2.4

Contact unsuccessful 9,189 17.3

Unavailable for surveying 359 0.7

Out-of-scope 208 0.4

Total population 52,991 100.0

Note: Percentages may not sum to 100% because of rounding.

2 The On Track Survey 2011

Early school leavers sample

Early school leavers are defined for the survey’s purposes as those students who had registered their details with the VCAA by enrolling in a VCE or VCAL unit, and who left school during 2010 before completing one of the qualifications included above (VCE, IB, VCAL Senior or VCAL Intermediate). In general, early leavers had been in Year 10, 11 or 12 when they left school. As such, the sample does not represent the full spectrum of early leavers from Victorian schools.

For the 2011 survey, the early leavers consent file from the VCAA comprised 10,824 records, 1058 fewer than for the 2010 survey. A total of 3768 early leavers were successfully contacted and surveyed through On Track, representing

a response rate of 34.8% of those who consented to be contacted, slightly higher than in 2010. The response rate was affected by the number of unusable or incorrect telephone numbers, which accounted for 3724 or 34.4% of the target sample, nearly the same number as those who were interviewed.

Table 3 records the composition of the target and achieved samples of early school leavers in relation to the year level at which they left school. A little more one-half (51.3%) of the achieved sample comprised leavers from Year 11. A further 19.7% of the achieved sample were leavers from Year 10 or below, and 29.0% were leavers from Year 12.

Findings based on the early leaver data need to be treated cautiously due to

the relatively low overall response rate among the sample and evidence of differential response rates among sub-groups of early leavers. Nevertheless, the On Track sample of early leavers is much larger than any other early leaver data collection for Victoria and enables more detailed analyses than would otherwise be available.

Confidence intervals

The results presented in this report are based on interviews with 35,002 Year 12 or equivalent completers from a total population of 52,991, and 3768 early school leavers from a total population of 10,824. Confidence intervals are not reported within the individual tables that appear in this report. As most results are reported as percentages of the sample, the general range of confidence intervals can be reported once, as the calculation of the standard deviation for proportions is affected by the sample size only. In addition, with a known population size and a sample larger than 10% of the population, the finite population correction (fpc), which is based on both the population size and sample size, is used to adjust the calculation of the standard error and, consequently, the confidence interval.

Table 2 Year 12 or equivalent completers: certificate completed in 2010

Qualification Number Percentage (%)

VCE 32,547 93.0

VCAL 2,140 6.1

IB 315 0.9

Total 35,002 100.0

Note: 479 VCE students also received a VCAL qualification; to avoid double-counting they are included in the VCE group only.

Table 3 Early school leavers 2011: target population and achieved sample, by year level of exit in 2010

Year level of exit Target sample Achieved sample

Number % Number %

Year 10 or lower 1,684 15.6 741 19.7

Year 11 5,120 47.3 1,934 51.3

Year 12 (before completion) 4,020 37.1 1,093 29.0

Total 10,824 100.0 3,768 100.0

3Introduction

The 95% confidence intervals for selected percentages are shown in Table 4, separately for Year 12 or equivalent completers and for early leavers. The largest confidence interval for Year 12 or equivalent completers data is ±0.4 percentage points for percentages between 32% and 68%. For early leavers data, the largest confidence interval is ±2.2 percentage points for percentages between 42% and 58%. For more

Table 4 Confidence intervals, 2011 On Track survey

Year 12 or equivalent completers

Early school leavers

Range Confidence interval Range Confidence interval

32–68% ±0.4% 42–58% ±2.2%

13–31% and 69–87% ±0.3% 33–41% and 59–67% ±2.1%

5–12% and 88–95% ±0.2% 28–32% and 68–72% ±2.0%

1–4% and 96–99% ±0.1% 24–27% and 73–76% ±1.9%

21–23% and 77–79% ±1.8%

18–20% and 80–82% ±1.7%

15–17% and 83–85% ±1.6%

1–14% and 86–99% ±1.6%

extreme percentages, the confidence intervals are smaller. In the case of post-school destinations, the 95% confidence interval for the percentage of Year 12 or equivalent completers who enrolled for bachelor degree study is 49.5% ±0.4%; that is, the 95% confidence interval extends from 49.1% to 49.9%, so we can be confident that the ‘true’ figure lies within that interval.


This chapter provides details of the destinations of the young people who completed Year 12 or its equivalent during 2010, and were interviewed for On Track in April 2011. The first section provides an overview of the destinations by gender, socioeconomic status (SES), Indigenous status, language background, geographic location and study strand; and a comparison with results from earlier On Track surveys. Subsequent sections examine in more detail particular destinations: tertiary study, apprenticeship/traineeship, employment and unemployment. Year 12 or equivalent completers who deferred tertiary study in 2011 have been allocated to a destination, and are discussed separately at the end of the chapter.

Main destinations in 2011

shows the main destinations as at April 2011 of those who completed Year 12 or its equivalent in 2010. In order to prevent double-counting, the table shows a single destination for each respondent. For young people who are combining study and work, On Track emphasises the study destination. For example, a bachelor degree student who also holds a part-time job is classified in the ‘bachelor degree’ category and not in the ‘employed’ category. Similarly, apprentices and trainees are classified in the ‘apprentice/trainee’ category rather than as ‘employed’, although most of them are employed as a condition of their training contracts. Completers who deferred a place in a tertiary-level program have been allocated to a destination in Table 5. Information on the activities of those who deferred study in 2011 begins on page 23. Information on the subsequent pathways of those who deferred tertiary places in earlier years can be found in the On Track survey longitudinal reports.

Table 5 Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers, April 2011

Destination No. %

Bachelor degree 17317 49.5

Certificate IV and above 4983 14.2

Certificate I, II and III 1549 4.4

Apprenticeship/Traineeship 2963 8.5

Employed 6465 18.5

Looking for work 1435 4.1

Not in the labour force, education or training (NILFET)

290 0.8

Total 35002 100.0

Chapter 2: Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers

5Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers

More than three-quarters (76.6%) of 2010 Year 12 or equivalent completers continued in some form of education or training in 2011. Study toward a bachelor degree was the most common activity for respondents (49.5%), followed by certificate-level study (18.6%). Apprentices and trainees accounted for another 8.5% of Year 12 or equivalent completers.

Of the 23.5% of completers who were not in education or training, most were working either full-time (7.4%) or part-time (11.1%). Only 4.1% were in the labour market but unemployed and looking for work, and 0.8% were not in the labour force, education or training (NILFET).

Destinations by gender

Gender differences in patterns of school completion and post-school destinations have been documented elsewhere (e.g., Curtis & McMillan, 2008), and in previous On Track reports. Such differences are apparent in the 2011 On Track results.

Females make up a higher proportion of respondents who had completed Year 12 or its equivalent in 2010 (54.2%) than males (45.8%). This largely reflects the higher retention to Year 12 of females than males. Table 6 presents destination data by gender. The most notable gender differences in destinations are:

• Young women more frequently than young men entered bachelor degree study (52.6% compared to 45.8%).

• Young men much more frequently than young women entered an apprenticeship (9.8% compared to 1.3%), and young women more frequently than men entered a traineeship (4.0% compared to 2.4%).

• Young women were more frequently employed than young men (18.7% compared to 18.2%), but young men were more frequently working full-time. Of those employed, 45.7% of young men and 35.0% of young women were working full-time.

• Young men were more frequently looking for work (4.6%) than were young women (3.7%).

Table 6 Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers, by gender, April 2011

Destination Females Males Persons

No. % No. % No. %

Bachelor degree 9925 52.6 7392 45.8 17317 49.5

Certificate IV and above 2612 13.9 2371 14.7 4983 14.2

Certificate I, II and III 953 5.1 596 3.7 1549 4.4

Apprenticeship 253 1.3 1574 9.8 1827 5.2

Traineeship 746 4.0 390 2.4 1136 3.2

Employed full-time 1234 6.5 1345 8.3 2579 7.4

Employed part-time 2,287 12.1 1599 9.9 3886 11.1

Looking for work 691 3.7 744 4.6 1435 4.1

NILFET 158 0.8 132 0.8 290 0.8

Total 18859 100.0 16143 100.0 35002 100.0


Destinations by senior certificate and study strand

Students in Victorian secondary schools are able to choose from a number of different senior certificates and undertake nationally accredited vocational education and training (VET) studies while at school. This section reports on destinations in terms of whether students completed the International Baccalaureate (IB)1, VCE or VCAL (or a combined VCE–VCAL program), and whether VCE completers included any VET in Schools subjects as part of their studies. Table 7 provides details on the destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers, by gender, according to the senior certificate completed and study strand.

IB completers represent less than 1% of all On Track respondents in the 2011 survey, and nearly three-fifths of IB completers are female. Among IB completers, 84.1% were in bachelor degree study and 10.2% were employed in April 2011. There are only small differences between males and females in relation to destinations for IB completers. Of completers who studied VCE without any VET, 59.1% were enrolled in bachelor degree study in April 2011. Bachelor degree study was also the most common destination (37.2%) for those who included some VET in their VCE.2 Apprenticeships, traineeships and employment were the most common destinations of VCAL completers, accounting for 61.8% of the VCE-VCAL group and 60.2% of the VCAL only group.

1 Through 2010, the International Baccalaureate was available only in non-government schools.

2 The proportion of VET in Schools participants entering higher education has increased since the first On Track survey, rising from 18.1% in 2003 to 37.2% in 2011.

VCAL participants were unemployed and looking for work in greater proportions than other completers.

Certificate-level study is an important destination for completers from VCE and VCAL programs. Enrolment in certificate courses ranged from 16.1% of VCE non-VET completers to 25.6% of VCAL only completers. Former VCE students were more frequently studying at Certificate IV level and above than were other completers.

Destinations by socioeconomic status

Differences in education and employment participation among young people from different socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds have been well documented in Australia over many years, including through On Track. On Track uses a measure of SES based on students’ home address when in Year 12. The measure is obtained by linking each student’s home address to the ABS Census Collection District (CD) in which their home is located. Once the CD is known, its Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage (IRSED) score and State percentile rank, obtained from the Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (ABS, 2006), are assigned to each completer. CDs with percentile ranks from 1 to 25 are then assigned to the lowest SES quarter; CDs with percentile ranks from 26 to 50 to the lower middle quarter; CDs with percentile ranks from 51 to 75 to the upper middle quarter; and CDs with percentile ranks from 76 to 99 to the highest quarter. Overall, 99.9% of respondents’ addresses were matched to a CD; all were matched to a SLA.3

3 One respondent had a home address in New South Wales and is not included in analyses based on SES.

Table 8 reports on the destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers classified according to their SES quarter and gender. Year 12 or equivalent completers from the highest SES quarter were more frequently enrolled for a bachelor degree in April 2011 (58.6%) than were completers in the other three quarters (48.4% for the upper middle quarter, 42.8% for the lower middle quarter and 42.2% for the lowest quarter). Among all SES quarters, bachelor degree enrolment was more frequent among young women than among young men.

Completers from the lower SES quarters were more frequently enrolled in certificate-level courses than were those from higher quarters (22.5% from the lowest quarter and 15.1% from the highest). This holds for courses at Certificates I-III as well as Certificate IV and above. There were small differences in the proportions entering an apprenticeship or traineeship from among the three lower SES quarters, but the proportion from the highest SES quarter was lower. At all SES quarters, the rate of apprenticeship/traineeship take-up for young men was more than double the rate for young women.

Completers from the lower SES quarters were more frequently in the labour market than were those from the highest quarter, either in employment (18.7% of the lowest quarter and 16.0% of the highest) or looking for work (6.0% of the lowest and 2.8% of the highest). At all SES levels, males were more frequently than females looking for work.


Table 7 Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers, by senior certificate, study strand and gender, April 2011

Destination IB VCE non-VET VCE VET VCE-VCAL VCAL only

No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %

Females

Bachelor degree 159 85.0 7830 60.6 1913 40.0 13 7.0 10 1.3

Certificate IV+ 0 0.0 1499 11.6 914 19.1 42 22.5 157 20.1

Certificate I-III 2 1.1 489 3.8 297 6.2 20 10.7 145 18.5

Apprenticeship 0 0.0 76 0.6 96 2.0 18 9.6 63 8.0

Traineeship 1 0.5 403 3.1 241 5.0 15 8.0 86 11.0

Employed 23 12.3 2140 16.6 1087 22.7 59 31.6 212 27.1

Looking for work 1 0.5 392 3.0 190 4.0 17 9.1 91 11.6

NILFET 1 0.5 92 0.7 43 0.9 3 1.6 19 2.4

Total 187 100.0 12921 100.0 4781 100.0 187 100.0 783 100.0

Males

Bachelor degree 106 82.8 5839 57.3 1413 33.9 16 5.5 18 1.3

Certificate IV+ 4 3.1 1428 14.0 781 18.7 39 13.4 119 8.8


Apprenticeship 0 0.0 397 3.9 517 12.4 118 40.4 542 39.9

Traineeship 2 1.6 179 1.8 139 3.3 10 3.4 60 4.4

Employed 9 7.0 1609 15.8 924 22.2 76 26.0 326 24.0

Looking for work 4 3.1 360 3.5 210 5.0 18 6.2 152 11.2

NILFET 1 0.8 95 0.9 21 0.5 1 0.3 14 1.0

Total 128 100.0 10198 100.0 4168 100.0 292 100.0 1357 100.0

Persons

Bachelor degree 265 84.1 13669 59.1 3326 37.2 29 6.1 28 1.3

Certificate IV+ 4 1.3 2927 12.7 1695 18.9 81 16.9 276 12.9


Apprenticeship 0 0.0 473 2.0 613 6.8 136 28.4 605 28.3

Traineeship 3 1.0 582 2.5 380 4.2 25 5.2 146 6.8

Employed 32 10.2 3749 16.2 2011 22.5 135 28.2 538 25.1

Looking for work 5 1.6 752 3.3 400 4.5 35 7.3 243 11.4

NILFET 2 0.6 187 0.8 64 0.7 4 0.8 33 1.5

Total 315 100.0 23119 100.0 8949 100.0 479 100.0 2140 100.0

Note: Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.


Table 8 Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers by socioeconomic status (SES) and gender, April 2011

Destination SES quarter

Lowest Lower middle Upper middle Highest Total

Females

Bachelor degree 45.3 45.7 52.4 61.8 52.6

Certificate IV and above 16.2 14.7 14.4 11.5 13.9

Certificate I-III 7.2 6.6 4.5 3.2 5.1

Apprenticeship/Traineeship 6.5 6.6 5.3 3.7 5.3

Employed 18.2 21.3 19.4 16.5 18.7

Looking for work 5.6 4.4 3.1 2.5 3.7

NILFET 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Males

Bachelor degree 38.6 39.3 43.7 55.1 45.8




Employed 19.4 21.6 18.3 15.5 18.2

Looking for work 6.4 4.9 5.2 3.1 4.6

NILFET 0.7 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.8

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Persons

Bachelor degree 42.2 42.8 48.4 58.6 49.5




Employed 18.7 21.4 18.9 16.0 18.5

Looking for work 6.0 4.6 4.1 2.8 4.1

NILFET 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Notes: This table is based on all Year 12 or equivalent completers whose home addresses could be mapped to a Census Collection District (CD) or Statistical Local Area (SLA). CD-level information was not available for 0.1% of addresses. Columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding.


Destinations by Indigenous status

Only a small proportion (1.0%, 320 persons) of the 2010 Year 12 or equivalent completers identified as being either Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander in the On Track survey. The destinations of this small group are presented in Table 9. Because of the small numbers of Indigenous completers, a number of categories were combined to maintain adequate cell sizes.

Among Indigenous Year 12 or equivalent completers, 30.0% were studying toward a bachelor degree, similar to the percentage in the 2010 survey. Close to one-fifth of Indigenous completers (19.1%) were enrolled in certificate-level courses, at both Certificate I-III (6.9%) and Certificate IV or above (12.2%). The percentages of Indigenous Year 12 completers enrolled in certificate

I-III-level courses were higher than the percentages of non-Indigenous completers in those courses. In addition, Indigenous completers had entered apprenticeships and traineeships at a higher rate than non-Indigenous completers (14.4% compared to 8.4%). Indigenous completers were more frequently employed (25.6% compared to 17.5%), and more frequently looking for work or NILFET (10.9% compared to 4.0%).

The percentage of Indigenous Year 12 or equivalent completers in education and training in 2011 (66.4%) was similar to the percentage in 2010 (66.3%), but lower than the 75.5% of all Year 12 or equivalent completers in education and training.

Table 9 Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers from an Indigenous background, by gender, April 2011


No. % No. % No. %

Bachelor degree 53 33.3 43 26.7 96 30.0


Certificate I-III 13 8.2 9 5.6 22 6.9

Apprenticeship/Traineeship 16 10.1 30 18.6 46 14.4


Employed part-time 25 15.7 25 15.5 50 15.6

Looking for work/NILFET 15 9.4 20 12.4 35 10.9

Total 159 100.0 161 100.0 320 100.0

Note: Percentages may not sum to 100.0% due to rounding.


Destinations by language background

One-fifth of respondents in the 2011 On Track survey said that they speak a language other than English at home. Among these completers from a language background other than English (LBOTE), the most common languages spoken are Vietnamese, Cantonese and Mandarin, each comprising more than 9% of all other language speakers. The destinations of LBOTE Year 12 or equivalent completers by gender are shown in Table 10.

Among only LBOTE speakers, 63.5% were enrolled in a bachelor degree program. This is higher than the 49.5% of all Year 12 or equivalent completers studying toward a bachelor degree. In addition, 21.5% of LBOTE completers were enrolled in certificate-level study, compared to 18.2% of all Year 12 or equivalent completers. Overall, 88.8% of Year 12 or equivalent completers from a LBOTE were engaged in education and training as at April 2011.

Table 10 Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers from a language background other than English, by gender, April 2011


No. % No. % No. %

Bachelor degree 2492 67.2 1958 59.4 4450 63.5



Apprenticeship 23 0.6 152 4.6 175 2.5

Traineeship 49 1.3 35 1.1 84 1.2



Looking for work 119 3.2 136 4.1 255 3.6

NILFET 24 0.6 23 0.7 47 0.7

Total 3706 100.0 3298 100.0 7004 100.0



Destinations by geographic location

The Victorian Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD) operates nine regional offices, four in the metropolitan area and five in the remainder of the state. The major difference between the metropolitan and non-metropolitan regions in the destinations of Year 12 completers is the proportion of young people who defer tertiary study. More information on deferrers is presented later in this chapter. In the metropolitan regions, 8.4% of Year 12 or equivalent completers deferred tertiary study; in the non-metropolitan regions, 15.6% of completers deferred. These different rates are reflected in the proportions of Year 12 or equivalent completers who were enrolled in bachelor degree study in April 2011, as shown in Table 11.

Among Year 12 or equivalent completers from metropolitan regions, the most common destination was bachelor degree study, attracting 53.9% of the group. Those who had attended schools in Eastern Metropolitan region were most frequently studying for a bachelor degree, at 59.8%; those from schools in the Northern Metropolitan region were least frequently in bachelor degree study, at 47.7%. Among those from schools in non-metropolitan regions, 41.1% of completers from schools in the Grampians region had enrolled for a bachelor degree. Among all regions, the lowest rates of enrolment in bachelor degrees were the Hume (31.7%) and Gippsland (34.5%) regions.

There are regional differences for other forms of post-school education and training. Among completers from metropolitan areas, 15.8% were enrolled in certificate-level courses at Certificate IV and above, and 4.2% at Certificate I-III in April 2011. Among those from non-metropolitan regions, 9.8% were in Certificate IV and above courses and 5.0% in Certificate I-III courses. Of the metropolitan regions, Northern Metropolitan (23.7%) and Western Metropolitan (23.6%) had the highest rates of participation in certificate-level courses. These regions also had lower bachelor degree participation rates than the other metropolitan regions. Among the non-metropolitan regions, 9.8% of Year 12 completers were enrolled in courses at Certificate IV and above and 5.0% at Certificate I-III. Gippsland had the highest rate of enrolment in certificate-level courses (16.4%). Among Year 12 or equivalent completers from non-metropolitan regions, 13.8% were undertaking an apprenticeship or traineeship, compared to 6.5% of completers from metropolitan regions.

There were also regional differences in the employment rates of Year 12 or equivalent completers. Among those from schools in metropolitan regions, 5.7% were employed full-time and 9.1% part-time. In the non-metropolitan regions, 12.0% were employed full-time and 16.6% part-time. Within the regional differences there were also gender differences in employment and hours of work. In non-metropolitan regions, there was a greater frequency of full-time work among males, with 15.0% working full-time and 14.4% part-time. Among all other groups, more were working part-time than full-time.


Table 11 Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers, by DEECD region and gender, April 2011

Destination Metropolitan Regions

Eastern Metropolitan

Northern Metropolitan

Southern Metropolitan

Western Metropolitan

Metropolitan Total

% % % % %

Females

Bachelor degree 63.1 52.4 54.3 56.0 57.1

Certificate IV+ 12.9 17.2 13.8 19.6 15.2


Apprenticeship 1.0 1.4 1.1 0.7 1.1

Traineeship 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.2 2.6

Employed full-time 4.6 5.5 6.9 4.5 5.4

Employed part-time 8.7 9.8 12.2 7.8 9.8

Looking for work 2.6 4.8 3.2 3.4 3.3

NILFET 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Males

Bachelor degree 56.2 41.7 49.0 49.3 50.3

Certificate IV+ 15.5 20.1 14.0 18.4 16.5



Traineeship 1.3 2.6 1.5 1.7 1.7



Looking for work 3.2 5.9 4.4 4.7 4.3

NILFET 0.9 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.9

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Persons

Bachelor degree 59.8 47.7 51.9 52.8 53.9

Certificate IV+ 14.1 18.5 13.9 19.0 15.8



Traineeship 1.9 2.7 2.1 1.9 2.1



Looking for work 2.9 5.3 3.7 4.0 3.8

NILFET 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.9

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0


Table 11 Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers, by DEECD region and gender, April 2011 (continued)

Destination Non-metropolitan Regions

Barwon South

Western

Gippsland Grampians Hume Loddon Mallee

Non-metropolitan

Total

% % % % % %

Female

Bachelor degree 41.4 37.7 44.1 37.4 42.7 40.7

Certificate IV+ 11.1 11.7 9.5 7.4 10.2 10.1

Certificate I-III 6.1 7.5 4.9 6.7 5.3 6.1

Apprenticeship 1.3 3.0 1.3 2.8 2.2 2.1

Traineeship 8.5 7.7 6.3 9.4 6.1 7.7

Employed full-time 9.5 8.0 8.5 11.8 9.6 9.5

Employed part-time 16.7 18.1 19.1 20.2 19.0 18.4

Looking for work 4.7 5.5 5.2 3.6 3.9 4.6

NILFET 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.9 0.8

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Males

Bachelor degree 35.7 30.3 37.0 25.2 34.4 32.6

Certificate IV+ 10.3 8.0 10.0 8.8 9.9 9.5


Apprenticeship 14.2 15.8 12.7 14.1 14.8 14.4

Traineeship 4.3 4.2 4.1 6.2 4.2 4.6



Looking for work 4.6 5.7 5.6 6.2 5.5 5.4

NILFET 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.5

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Persons

Bachelor degree 38.8 34.5 41.1 31.7 39.1 37.1

Certificate IV+ 10.7 10.1 9.7 8.1 10.1 9.8


Apprenticeship 7.2 8.5 6.2 8.1 7.6 7.5

Traineeship 6.6 6.2 5.4 7.9 5.3 6.3



Looking for work 4.6 5.6 5.4 4.8 4.6 4.9

NILFET 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.7

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0


Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers, 2003–2011

On Track was first conducted in 2003, interviewing young people who had completed Year 12 in 2002. In that first year of interviews, students who had deferred tertiary entrance had not been identified. Further, young people whose destination could not be determined were not included in the reporting of On Track. Comparative destinations over the nine years of On Track are presented in Table 12. To ensure consistency with reporting practices in earlier years, completers who deferred are identified from 2004 onward, and the young people who were not in the labour force, education or training (NILFET)—whom in previous years were identified as ‘inactive’—are not included in the counts. As a result, the percentages reported in

Table 12 are different from percentages reported elsewhere in this report.

Over the nine years of On Track, the percentage of Year 12 or equivalent completers who went on the bachelor degree study has increased, from 41.6% in 2003 to 49.7% in 2011. In 2008 there was a decrease in bachelor degree enrolments during this period related to changes in eligibility for Youth Allowance, but subsequent changes led to new increases. In 2011, bachelor degree enrolments were higher than in any prior year. During the same period, enrolments in certificate-level study decreased, from 26.3% to 18.3%, but have been relatively steady since 2008.

As a result of the recent increases in bachelor degree enrolments, 75.9% of Year 12 or equivalent completers were in education and training destinations in 2011. Only in 2005 was this total study rate higher (76.5%)—when apprenticeships and traineeship take-up were highest and certificate enrolments were five percentage points higher than in 2011.

Year 12 or equivalent completers in campus-based tertiary study

This section focuses on the young people who completed Year 12 or its equivalent in 2010 and were participating in campus-based tertiary education in April 2011. This is study that leads to the award of a certificate (level I through IV), diploma, advanced diploma, associate degree or bachelor degree. Study may be undertaken at a university, a TAFE institution or a private provider. Apprentices and trainees, who undertake a training contract, most often work full-time and include a classroom-based component while earning a qualification, are not included in this section.

Table 12 Destinations of Year 12 or equivalent completers (showing deferrers separately), 2003–2011

Destination 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Bachelor degree 41.6 43.4 43.1 46.1 47.4 43.9 45.6 48.8 49.7

Certificate I-IV+ 26.3 26.1 23.4 20.4 19.0 18.0 18.1 18.0 18.3

Apprenticeship/Traineeship 5.7 6.4 10.0 9.2 8.1 9.8 8.0 8.5 7.9

Employed 20.9 14.3 13.1 13.0 13.7 14.4 12.4 11.3 10.9

Looking for work 5.5 3.8 3.8 3.3 2.9 2.9 3.8 3.6 3.0

Deferred -.- 6.0 6.6 8.0 8.9 11.0 12.1 9.8 10.3

Notes: Completers in the ‘NILFET’ destination are not included and have been removed from the total count. Completers were not asked about deferral in 2003. Percentages may not sum to 100.0% due to rounding.


Socioeconomic background and gender

Table 13 shows the type of campus-based tertiary study being undertaken by Year 12 completers by socioeconomic background (SES) by gender. Among all those in campus-based tertiary study, 79.5% of Year 12 completers from the highest SES quarter were enrolled in a bachelor degree program, compared

to 65.2% of those from the lowest SES quarter who were studying. Among female Year 12 completers from the highest SES quarter in tertiary study, 80.7% were in bachelor degree study, 15.0% were in courses leading to Certificate IV or above, and 4.2% were in courses leading to Certificate I, II or III. By contrast, 65.9% of female Year 12 completers from the lowest SES

quarter who were studying were in bachelor degree study, 23.6% in study at Certificate IV or above, and 10.5% were in study leading to Certificate I, II or III. At all SES levels, greater proportions of females who were studying were in bachelor degree study, and greater proportions of males who were studying were in Certificate IV and above study.

Table 13 Level of study of Year 12 or equivalent completers in campus-based tertiary study, by SES quarter and gender, April 2011

Destination SES quarter

Lowest Lower middle Upper middle Highest Total

Females

Bachelor degree 65.9 68.3 73.5 80.7 73.6



Count 2351 2914 3502 4723 13490

Percentage of Year 12 completers 68.7 66.9 71.3 76.5 71.5

Males

Bachelor degree 64.3 66.7 69.8 78.0 71.4



Count 1699 2090 2614 3955 10358


Persons

Bachelor degree 65.2 67.6 71.9 79.5 72.6



Count 4050 5004 6116 8678 23848


Notes: Includes only Year 12 completers in campus-based tertiary study. Percentages may not sum to 100.0% due to rounding.


Participation in the labour force

Young people in campus-based tertiary education require the financial means to sustain their post-school studies as well as their regular daily expenses, including accommodation, meals and transport. More than one-half (56.3%) of all those studying were working, either full-time or part-time. Bachelor degree students were less frequently in full-time work (0.6%) compared to those studying at Certificate IV or above (1.7%) or Certificate I, II or III (4.3%). Bachelor degree students were less frequently looking for work than other students (see Table 14).

Year 12 or equivalent completers in apprenticeships and traineeships

Apprenticeships and traineeships provide important pathways for school leavers. Evidence from national longitudinal data indicates that both forms of training—particularly apprenticeship—lead to positive labour market outcomes (Curtis, 2008). As at April 2011, 8.4% of Year 12 or equivalent completers were in a training contract as an apprentice (5.2%) or traineeship (3.2%). These figures are very similar to those in 2010 (5.3% and 3.1% respectively).

Greater proportions of males (9.8%) than females (1.3%) entered apprenticeships after completing Year 12. Conversely, greater proportions of females (4.0%)

than males (2.4%) entered traineeships. Of the Year 12 or equivalent completers who entered apprenticeships, 86.2% were male.

More than one-half of all apprentices and trainees were undertaking the study component of their training at Certificate III award level, including 53.8% of apprentices and 51.7% of trainees (see Table 15). An additional 22.4% of apprentices and 27.8% of trainees were studying at a higher award level (Certificate IV, diploma, advanced diploma or associate degree). and 10.2% were studying at lower levels (Certificate I or II). Surprisingly, 11.9% of apprentices and trainees combined did not know what level of qualification they would receive after completing their training contract.

Table 14 Labour force status of Year 12 or equivalent completers in campus-based tertiary study, by level of study, 2011

Labour force status Level of study

Bachelor degree Certificate IV+ Certificate I-III

Employed full-time 0.6 1.7 4.3

Employed part-time 56.3 54.6 45.5

Looking for work 26.1 29.3 31.4

Not looking for work 17.0 14.4 18.8

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

Notes: Includes only Year 12 completers in campus-based tertiary study. Excludes proxy interviews. Percentages may not sum to 100.0% due to rounding.


Table 15 Level of study of Year 12 or equivalent completers in an apprenticeship or traineeship, by gender, April 2011

Study award level Females Males Persons

No. % No. % No. %

Apprentices

Associate degree 1 0.4 3 0.2 4 0.2

Advanced diploma 4 1.6 24 1.5 28 1.5

Diploma 17 6.7 41 2.6 58 3.2

Certificate IV 34 13.4 286 18.2 320 17.5

Certificate III 165 65.2 818 52.0 983 53.8

Certificate II 10 4.0 136 8.6 146 8.0

Certificate I 18 1.1 18 1.0

Level unspecified/unknown 22 8.7 248 15.8 270 14.8

Total 253 100.0 1574 100.0 1827 100.0

Trainees

Associate degree 5 0.7 3 0.8 8 0.7

Advanced diploma 22 2.9 20 5.1 42 3.7

Diploma 55 7.4 28 7.2 83 7.3

Certificate IV 108 14.5 75 19.2 183 16.1

Certificate III 423 56.7 164 42.1 587 51.7

Certificate II 70 9.4 58 14.9 128 11.3

Certificate I 7 0.9 8 2.1 15 1.3

Level unspecified/unknown 56 7.5 34 8.7 90 7.9

Total 746 100.0 390 100.0 1136 100.0


Occupations of apprentices and trainees

Building and Construction (35.5%), Electrical and Electronics Trades (16.3%) and Food, Hospitality and Tourism (10.7%) were the most common occupation groups in which apprentices were undertaking their training occupations (see Table 16). In Building and Construction, and Electrical and Electronics Trades apprentices were overwhelmingly male. Among trainees, Clerks, Receptionists and Secretaries

(19.9%), Food, Hospitality and Tourism (17.6%) and Sales Assistants and Storepersons (15.0%) were the most common occupation groups. There were more females training as Clerks, Receptionist and Secretaries, and as Sales Assistants and Storepersons. In the Food, Hospitality and Tourism occupation group, which was evenly distributed between apprentices and trainees, gender differences were smaller, although more males were

undertaking apprenticeships and more females were undertaking traineeships.

Occupation groups with no female apprentices included Engineering, Science and the Environment, and Metal and Engineering Trades, and there were no female trainees in the Computing and Information Technology group.


Table 16 Occupational categories of apprentices and trainees, Year 12 or equivalent completers, by gender, April 2011

Occupation group Apprentices Trainees

Count % of total % Female

% Male

Count % of total

% Female

% Male

Accounting, Finance and Management

3 0.2 66.7 33.3 45 4.0 77.8 22.2

Building and Construction 648 35.5 1.1 98.9 16 1.4 6.3 93.8

Cleaning 7 0.4 14.3 85.7 7 0.6 42.9 57.1

Clerks, Receptionists and Secretaries

21 1.1 81.0 19.0 226 19.9 92.0 8.0

Computing and IT 3 0.2 0.0 100.0 23 2.0 0.0 100.0

Drivers and Transport 1 0.1 0.0 100.0 7 0.6 14.3 85.7

Electrical and Electronics Trades 298 16.3 1.3 98.7 19 1.7 10.5 89.5

Engineering, Science and the Environment

29 1.6 0.0 100.0 7 0.6 14.3 85.7

Food, Hospitality and Tourism 195 10.7 38.5 61.5 200 17.6 57.5 42.5

Gardening, Farming and Fishing 79 4.3 15.2 84.8 29 2.6 55.2 44.8

Government and Defence 7 0.4 14.3 85.7 11 1.0 63.6 36.4

Health, Fitness, Hair and Beauty 101 5.5 86.1 13.9 125 11.0 75.2 24.8

Labourers, Factory and Machine Workers

113 6.2 2.7 97.3 21 1.8 14.3 85.7

Marketing and Sales Reps 5 0.3 60.0 40.0 30 2.6 70.0 30.0

Media, the Arts and Printing 11 0.6 27.3 72.7 10 0.9 50.0 50.0

Metal and Engineering Trades 61 3.3 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Motor Vehicle Service and Repair 123 6.7 0.8 99.2 6 0.5 16.7 83.3

Sales Assistants and Storepersons 58 3.2 32.8 67.2 170 15.0 71.8 28.2

Social, Welfare and Security 5 0.3 20.0 80.0 22 1.9 63.6 36.4

Teaching, Childcare and Library 18 1.0 66.7 33.3 105 9.2 65.7 34.3

Other 41 2.2 12.2 87.8 57 5.0 49.1 50.9

All occupation groups 1827 100.0 13.8 86.2 1136 100.0 65.7 34.3



Apprentices and trainees by DEECD region

The highest participation rates in apprenticeships by DEECD regions were in Northern Metropolitan region (5.3%) among all metropolitan regions and in Gippsland region (8.5%) among non-metropolitan regions. Northern Metropolitan region also had the greatest percentage Year 12 or equivalent completers who entered traineeships (2.7%) among metropolitan regions; Hume region (7.9%) had the greatest percentage of completers entering

traineeships among non-metropolitan regions. Overall, 4.4% of Year 12 or equivalent completers from schools in the metropolitan regions entered apprenticeships and 2.1% entered traineeships, while 7.5% of completers from schools in the non-metropolitan regions entered apprenticeships and 6.3% entered traineeships (see Table 11 above).

Although there were greater percentages of Year 12 completers from the non-metropolitan regions entering contracts of training, there were

more completers from metropolitan regions in apprenticeships, as shown in Table 13, because there were more completers from schools in the metropolitan regions. Overall, 61.9% of apprentices had completed Year 12 or an equivalent qualification at a school in a metropolitan region, particularly in the Eastern Metropolitan and Southern Metropolitan regions. Schools in Barwon South Western (15.0%) and Eastern Metropolitan (14.7%) regions had the highest percentages of trainees.

Table 17 Participation in apprenticeships and traineeships by Year 12 or equivalent completers, by DEECD region and gender, April 2011

Region Females Males Persons

No. % No. % No. %

Apprentices

Eastern Metropolitan 46 18.2 282 17.9 328 18.0

Northern Metropolitan 39 15.4 216 13.7 255 14.0

Southern Metropolitan 43 17.0 281 17.9 324 17.7

Western Metropolitan 19 7.5 205 13.0 224 12.3

Barwon South Western 18 7.1 167 10.6 185 10.1

Gippsland 28 11.1 113 7.2 141 7.7

Grampians 10 4.0 75 4.8 85 4.7

Hume 26 10.3 114 7.2 140 7.7

Loddon Mallee 24 9.5 121 7.7 145 7.9

Total 253 100.0 1574 100.0 1827 100.0

Trainees

Eastern Metropolitan 111 14.9 56 14.4 167 14.7

Northern Metropolitan 76 10.2 56 14.4 132 11.6

Southern Metropolitan 108 14.5 49 12.6 157 13.8

Western Metropolitan 56 7.5 40 10.3 96 8.5

Barwon South Western 119 16.0 51 13.1 170 15.0

Gippsland 73 9.8 30 7.7 103 9.1

Grampians 50 6.7 24 6.2 74 6.5

Hume 86 11.5 50 12.8 136 12.0

Loddon Mallee 67 9.0 34 8.7 101 8.9

Total 746 100.0 390 100.0 1136 100.0



Year 12 or equivalent completers not continuing in education or training

At the time of the survey (April 2011), 8290 Year 12 or equivalent completers (23.4% of all respondents) indicated they were not enrolled in campus-based tertiary study and were not undertaking an apprenticeship or traineeship. Most of this group had entered the labour force: 7.4% reported they were employed full-time (working 35 hours or more per week in all jobs); 11.1% were employed part-time (less than 35 hours per week in all jobs); 4.1% were unemployed and looking for work; and 0.8% were not in the labour force, education or training (‘NILFET’).

A higher proportion of males (35.2%) than females (28.2%) were employed full-time, while 41.9% of males and 52.3% of females were employed part-time. Higher proportions of young men were looking for work (19.5%) compared to young women (15.8%). There was little difference in the percentage who were NILFET: 3.5% of young men and 3.6% of young women. Overall, 80.6% of young

women not in education or training and 77.1% of young men no in education or training were employed.

Occupations of respondents not in education or training

Post-school employment among Year 12 or equivalent completers who did not undertake further study in 2011 is fairly concentrated in a limited variety of occupations. More than one-half of this group were employed as either Sales Assistants, Checkout Operators and Cashiers, Waiters, Counter Hands at Food Outlets or Storepersons, although there were differences by gender. These five occupations accounted for 62.3% of employed females, but only 37.5% of employed males. In addition to the top occupations of Sales Assistants (12.4%) and Storepersons (11.2%), males were working as General Labourers (8.7%) and Kitchen Hands (5.9%). Table 18 shows 87.7% of occupations of Year 12 or equivalent completers not in education or training. None of the other occupations accounted for more than 0.5% of the total or 1.0% of either males or females.


Table 18 Occupations of Year 12 or equivalent completers employed full-time or part-time and not in education or training, by gender, 2011

Occupation Count Percent of females

Percent of males

Sales Assistants 1059 20.4 12.4

Checkout Operators and Cashiers 630 14.1 5.0

Waiters 605 14.6 3.6

Counter Hands at Food Outlets 466 9.0 5.4

Storepersons 464 4.2 11.2

Receptionists 263 7.0 0.7

General Labourers 262 0.3 8.7

Kitchen Hands 261 2.6 5.9

Teachers, Tutors and Teacher Aides 221 4.1 2.8

Bar Attendants 196 3.0 3.3

Factory Workers and Packers 169 1.1 4.6

Telemarketing and Call Centres 141 2.6 1.8

Sport and Fitness 140 1.5 3.0

Farm Workers and Farmers 100 0.8 2.5

Defence 67 0.4 1.8

Child Care 65 1.8 0.1

Gardeners and Nursery Workers 51 0.2 1.6

Construction and Earthmoving Labourers 50 0.0 1.7

Office Assistants and Office Managers 42 1.0 0.3

Other Labourers 42 0.1 1.4

Managers 41 0.6 0.7

Cleaners 40 0.3 1.0

Building and Construction Professionals 38 0.0 1.3

General Clerks 34 0.7 0.3

Concreters and Construction Workers 33 0.0 1.2

Cooks 30 0.2 0.8

Carpenters and Joiners 29 0.0 1.0

All others 779 9.4 15.8

Total 6318 100.0 100.0



Reasons for Year 12 or equivalent completers not continuing in education and training

The reasons given by Year 12 or equivalent completers for not continuing in education or training are overwhelmingly work-related (Table 19). More than 83.8% said they wanted to start earning their own money, with little difference between males (85.1%) and females (82.5%). The next most common reason was needing a break

from study (72.3%), followed by wanting to start a career right away (43.4%). Having to move away from home was less commonly cited. When offered the option ‘There would be too much financial pressure on [my] family’, 21.4% agreed with the statement. The least commonly cited responses related to public transport availability (10.9%) and public transport costs (9.7%). These two statements were available to completers from non-metropolitan regions only.

Note that these percentages are not mutually exclusive: respondents could have chosen more than one reason for not studying in 2011.

When asked the main reason for not studying, 32.4% said they needed a break from study, 28.8% said they wanted to start earning their own money, and 15.1% said they wanted to start a career. One in twenty cited financial pressure on the family as the main reason.

Table 19 Reasons for not continuing in education or training, Year 12 or equivalent completers not in education or training, 2011

Reason Females Males Persons

You wanted to start earning your own money 82.5 85.1 83.8

You just needed a break from study 78.1 66.7 72.3

You wanted to start your career right away 34.5 52.0 43.4

You never planned or intended to study 22.4 31.8 27.2

You would have had to travel too much 25.0 20.9 22.9

The courses you were interested in were not available locally 23.3 19.9 21.6

There would have been too much financial pressure on your family 25.5 17.5 21.4

You would have had to move away from home 19.6 15.8 17.7

You are waiting to qualify for Youth Allowance to support your future study 12.8 10.1 11.4

There is no appropriate public transport or other way of getting there (Completers from non-metropolitan regions only)

11.9 9.9 10.9

Public transport costs are unaffordable (Completers from non-metropolitan regions only)

10.6 8.8 9.7

Notes: Responses are not mutually exclusive. Respondents may have agreed with more than one statement.


Year 12 or equivalent completers not in the labour force, education or training (NILFET)

Overall, 0.8% of Year 12 or equivalent completers were not in the labour force, education or training (NILFET). Respondents who are not in education or training and are not in the labour force are asked to describe their main activity since leaving school. The most commonly cited activity is ‘travel or holiday’, identified by 43.6% of the group. ‘Travel or holiday’ was more frequently cited by young women (50.3%) than young men (35.2%), those from metropolitan regions (47.7%) than non-metropolitan regions (29.0%), those from the two highest SES quarters (68.9%), and those from the highest GAT quarter (62.4%). These results are related to the percentage of Year 12 or equivalent completers who deferred tertiary study for 2011.

The next most commonly cited activity was ‘home duties or looking after children’, cited by 17.1% of those NILFET. Among those from non-metropolitan regions, 17.7% cited home duties as their main activity compared to 17.0% of those from metropolitan regions. Among young women, 20.6% cited home duties compared to 12.8% of young men.

Year 12 or equivalent completers who deferred tertiary study

A total of 3594 school completers (10.3% of respondents4) indicated in the 2011 On Track survey that they had been offered a place at a university, TAFE or other tertiary institution, but had deferred that place. The percentage of Year 12 or equivalent completers who had deferred a tertiary place had increased each year from 6.0% in 2004 to 12.0% in 2009, then decreased to 9.8% in 2010.

A comparison of the characteristics of school completers who deferred their studies and those who were studying at certificate or bachelor degree level in 2011 (Table 20) indicates that, as in previous years of On Track, the profiles of these two groups of young people are similar with respect to some characteristics. The distributions of Indigenous status, SES and school sector of those who deferred and those who entered tertiary study are very similar. Geographic location and language background are areas of difference between these groups of young people, with young people who had completed Year 12 at a non-metropolitan school more frequently deferring study than those who had attended a non-metropolitan school. Year 12 or equivalent completers who speak languages other than English at home make up a much smaller percentage

4 In this chapter, deferrers are discussed as a percentage of respondents, rather than as a percentage of applicants. The Victorian Tertiary Admissions Centre (VTAC) and individual institutions use the percentage of applicants when discussing deferral rates.

of deferrers than they do of those studying—8.0% compared to 25.7%.

There were some smaller differences related to the GAT scores of those who deferred and those who were studying, with 16.8% of the deferrers coming from the lowest quarter of GAT scores compared to 19.1% of those who enrolled. Year 12 or equivalent completers with GAT scores in the highest quarter of the distribution accounted for 30.2% of those enrolled and 28.3% of those who deferred.

The number of respondents who deferred as a percentage of all respondents with the same characteristics reinforces this picture. Of all Year 12 or equivalent completers who had attended schools in non-metropolitan regions, 15.6% deferred study for 2011, compared to 8.4% of those who had attended schools in metropolitan regions. Only 3.6% of young people from a language background other than English deferred, compared to 10.9% of those who speak only English at home. Looking at achievement, 7.5% of those from the lowest GAT quarter deferred tertiary study compared to 12.0% of those from the highest GAT quarter and 12.6% of those from the upper middle quarter.


Table 20 Characteristics of Year 12 or equivalent completers who deferred tertiary study in 2011 and those who commenced tertiary study in 2011

Characteristic Studying Deferred Deferred as % of all respondentsNo. % No. %

Gender

Females 13378 56.5 2161 60.1 11.5

Males 10308 43.5 1433 39.9 8.9

Geographic location

Metropolitan 18923 79.9 2153 59.9 8.4

Non-metropolitan 4763 20.1 1441 40.1 15.6

Indigenous status

Indigenous 157 0.7 31 1.0 9.7

Non-Indigenous 23045 99.3 3133 99.0 9.4

Country of birth

Australia 20025 86.5 2928 92.6 9.8

Elsewhere 3137 13.5 235 7.4 6.1

Language spoken at home

English 17236 74.3 2909 92.0 10.9

Other language 5948 25.7 254 8.0 3.6

SES quarters

Lowest 4033 17.0 440 12.2 7.0

Lower middle 4975 21.0 825 23.0 10.4

Upper middle 6071 25.6 994 27.7 10.9

Highest 8606 36.3 1334 37.1 11.3

GAT quarters

Lowest 4387 19.1 597 16.8 7.5

Lower middle 5697 24.8 958 27.0 11.3

Upper middle 5935 25.9 986 27.8 12.6

Highest 6933 30.2 1003 28.3 12.0

School sector

Government 11353 47.9 1751 48.7 9.7

Catholic 6191 26.1 874 24.3 10.1

Independent 5860 24.7 952 26.5 12.6

Adult 282 1.2 17 0.5 2.7

Note: Not all sections sum to the State totals due to missing data for the characteristic; however, percentages are based on persons for whom data are available.


Table 21 Reasons for deferring tertiary study, by geographic location, 2011

Reason Metropolitan Non-metropolitan

Victoria



You wanted some other experiences, like travel, before continuing your education 77.8 71.7 75.3





You wanted to do some other study before going to university or TAFE 19.1 14.6 17.2


There is no appropriate public transport or other way of getting there (Completers from non-metropolitan regions only)

-.- 12.0 12.0

Public transport costs are unaffordable (Completers from non-metropolitan regions only)

-.- 11.4 11.4


Reasons for Year 12 or equivalent completers deferring

All Year 12 or equivalent completers who indicated that they had deferred tertiary study in 2011 were asked to identify reasons that had been a factor in the decision to defer. Deferrers were asked to select, from a prepared list, which reasons had had an influence on that decision. Table 21 shows the reasons for deferring study according to where

deferrers had completed Year 12. The most commonly cited reason across Victoria (and for both males and females) was needing a break from study. Among those from non-metropolitan regions, financial issues and course availability were more important than they were for those from metropolitan regions. Deferrers from non-metropolitan regions much more frequently cited as reasons for deferral an interest in earning their own money, family financial pressure,

the need to move away from home and courses not being available locally. When asked to nominate the main reason for deferring tertiary study, 40.9% of deferrers from metropolitan regions cited the desire for other experiences, such as travel, before continuing with their education, and 25.8% of deferrers from non-metropolitan regions nominated needing a break from study.


Main activities of those who deferred tertiary study, by geographic location

Among all deferrers, the most common activity as at April 2011 was part-time work (43.5% of all deferrers; see Table 22). Overall, 10.4% of those who deferred a tertiary place were undertaking some other form of education and training as at April 2011, including 4.5% in some other form of tertiary study and 5.9% in an

Table 22 Main activities of those who deferred tertiary study, by geographic location, 2011

Activity Metropolitan Non-metropolitan Victoria

No. % No. % No. %

Other tertiary study 124 5.8 39 2.7 163 4.5




Looking for work 276 12.8 124 8.6 400 11.1

NILFET 112 5.2 27 1.9 139 3.9

Total 2153 100.0 1441 100.0 3594 100.0

apprenticeship or traineeship. This varied by geographic location, with more non-metropolitan deferrers in a contract of training and more metropolitan deferrers in a campus-based tertiary course. There are differences between metropolitan and non-metropolitan deferrers in many of the activities undertaken while deferring their studies. A greater percentage of non-metropolitan (35.5%) than metropolitan (28.1%)

deferrers were working full-time, and a greater percentage of metropolitan deferrers (12.8%) than non-metropolitan deferrers (8.6%) were looking for work. The greatest difference is in the percentage of deferrers classified as NILFET. Of all those Year 12 or equivalent completers who deferred tertiary study in 2011, 3.4% of metropolitan deferrers and only 1.0% of non-metropolitan deferrers were travelling.


This chapter provides details of the destinations of early school leavers who were interviewed for On Track in May 2011. For the purposes of the On Track survey, the following definition is used:

Early school leavers are those students in Years 10, 11 and 12 who had registered their details with the Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority (VCAA) by enrolling in an International Baccalaureate (IB) program or a VCE or VCAL unit, and who left school without completing one of the following certificates: IB, VCE, VCAL senior or VCAL intermediate.

A total of 3768 identified early school leavers participated in the 2011 On Track survey. Just over one-half of the achieved sample (51.3%) had attempted or completed Year 11, 19.7% had been in Year 10 or below in 2010, and the remaining 29.0% of the sample had commenced but did not complete Year 12.

Earlier On Track reports, and research based on national longitudinal samples of young people (Curtis & McMillan, 2008), indicate that there tend to be more male early school leavers than female leavers. This was also found to be the case in the 2011 survey, both across and within year levels (see Table 23). Overall, males constituted 61.8% of the early leaver sample in the 2011 survey, slightly more than in the 2010 survey.

Main Destinations in 2011

Almost all early leaver respondents (95.5%) indicated they were in some form of education or training or had entered the labour market and were either employed or looking for work. The remaining 4.5% were not in the labour force, education or training (‘NILFET’).

More than one-half (55.3%) of the early school leavers in the survey were enrolled in some form of education or training in May 2011. This is similar to the percentages of early leavers in the 2008, 2009 and 2010 surveys who were involved in further education or training (between 51.1% and 55.1%), but lower than the percentage of Year 12 or equivalent completers (76.5%). The main destinations of these young people are presented in Table 23 for the cohort, by gender. The percentage of female early school leavers enrolled in some form of education and training (46.5%) was smaller than the percentage of male early school leavers in education and training (60.6%). This difference is mainly because of the large take-up of apprenticeships by males (41.6%). Participation in the labour force and not studying was greater among female early leavers (46.0%) than among male early school leavers (36.7%), and the proportion of female early school leavers who were NILFET was greater (7.5% of females and 2.6% of males).

For females, the most frequent education or training destination—and the most frequent destination overall—was a course leading to a Certificate I, II or III (18.8%); another 9.6% were enrolled in a course leading to Certificate IV or above. Apprenticeships and traineeships accounted for a further 18.1% of females. For males, apprenticeships dominated the education and training destinations of early school leavers (41.6%), followed by Certificate I-III courses (10.2%), higher-level certificate courses (4.9%) and traineeships.

Chapter 3: Destinations of early school leavers

29Destinations of early school leavers

Table 23 Destinations of early school leavers, by gender, May 2011


n % n % n %

Certificate IV or above 138 9.6 114 4.9 252 6.7


Apprenticeship 142 9.9 970 41.6 1112 29.5

Traineeship 118 8.2 91 3.9 209 5.5

In education and training (sub-total) 669 46.5 1413 60.6 2082 55.3



Looking for work 268 18.6 343 14.7 611 16.2

NILFET 108 7.5 61 2.6 169 4.5

Not in education or training (sub-total) 769 53.5 917 39.4 1686 44.7

All destinations 1438 100.0 2330 100.0 3768 100.0

An early exit from school, if it does result in a job, will frequently mean part-time work. The percentage of female early leavers in full-time employment at the time of the survey (10.1%) was lower than the percentage of males working full-time (12.2%). The percentage of female early school leavers in part-time employment (17.2%) was higher than the percentage in full-time employment; in contrast, a smaller percentage of male early leavers (9.8%) were working part-time compared to the percentage working full-time. Although part-time employment can often lead to full-time work (Marks, 2006), in general part-time work does not confer the same advantages as full-time work in terms of earnings, career paths and access to training.

Destinations were strongly associated with the year level at which an early leaver exited from school (see Table 24). In general, greater percentages of those who left earlier (in Year 10 or below), compared to those who left in senior secondary years, were enrolled in Certificate I, II or III courses at a TAFE institute or community or private provider. Earlier leavers were also more frequently undertaking an apprenticeship than were later leavers: One third (33.5%) of those who left in Year 10 followed this pathway compared to slightly more than one-fifth (21.3%) of those who left during Year 12.

The higher the year level of exit, the greater the percentage of early school leavers who were working in either a

full-time or part-time capacity. The percentage of those who left during Year 12 and were employed either full- or part-time (33.9%) was nearly twice that of those who left in Year 10 or earlier (17.7%). The percentages of early school leavers who experienced a more troublesome transition from school and were unemployed and looking for work were similar across the exit year levels (Years 10, 11 and 12), between 15.5% and 17.2%. Slightly greater percentages of those who had left in Year 10 or below were NILFET (5.8%) compared to those who had left in later years (4.2% of Year 11 leavers and 4.1% of Year 12 leavers).


Table 24 Destinations of early school leavers, by year level of exit, May 2011

Destination Year 10 Year 11 Year 12 Total

No. % No. % No. % No. %

Females

Certificate IV+ 13 5.3 78 10.9 47 9.9 138 9.6

Certificate I-III 67 27.2 146 20.4 58 12.2 271 18.8

Apprenticeship 34 13.8 79 11.0 29 6.1 142 9.9

Traineeship 23 9.3 53 7.4 42 8.8 118 8.2

Employed full-time 9 3.7 56 7.8 80 16.8 145 10.1

Employed-part-time 34 13.8 108 15.1 106 22.2 248 17.2

Looking for work 41 16.7 143 20.0 84 17.6 268 18.6

NILFET 25 10.2 52 7.3 31 6.5 108 7.5

Total 246 100.0 715 100.0 477 100.0 1438 100.0

Males

Certificate IV+ 9 1.8 66 5.4 39 6.3 114 4.9


Apprenticeship 214 43.2 552 45.3 204 33.1 970 41.6

Traineeship 20 4.0 50 4.1 21 3.4 91 3.9



Looking for work 74 14.9 165 13.5 104 16.9 343 14.7

NILFET 18 3.6 29 2.4 14 2.3 61 2.6

Total 495 100.0 1219 100.0 616 100.0 2330 100.0

Persons

Certificate IV+ 22 3.0 144 7.4 86 7.9 252 6.7


Apprenticeship 248 33.5 631 32.6 233 21.3 1112 29.5

Traineeship 43 5.8 103 5.3 63 5.8 209 5.5



Looking for work 115 15.5 308 15.9 188 17.2 611 16.2

NILFET 43 5.8 81 4.2 45 4.1 169 4.5

Total 741 100.0 1934 100.0 1093 100.0 3768 100.0



Destinations by socioeconomic status

Table 25 reports the destinations of early leavers classified according to their SES quarter and gender. In general, there were smaller differences among early leavers in destinations by SES than were evident among Year 12 or equivalent completers (see Chapter 2).

Early leavers from the lowest SES quarter were less frequently in an apprenticeship or traineeship (28.9%) than early leavers from the other three quarters (38.1% for the highest quarter, 41.4% for the upper middle quarter and 34.4% for the lower middle quarter). However, it is worth noting that the relationship between SES and apprenticeship/traineeship

destinations is much stronger for males (who constitute the large majority of apprentices, the biggest group) than for females. At all SES quarters, the rate of apprenticeship/traineeship take-up by young men was more than double the rate by young women. More than one-half (53.6%) of male early leavers from the upper middle SES group were in an apprenticeship or traineeship in May 2011 compared to more than one-third (36.8%) of those from the lowest SES quarter. Among female early leavers the differences by SES in the take-up of apprenticeships and traineeships was much smaller.

Among females, early school leavers from the lowest SES quarter showed a

similar rate of employment (27.5%) to those from the highest quarter (28.9%). Among males there were few SES differences in the rate of employment as a destination. On the other hand, male early leavers from the lowest SES quarter were much more frequently either looking for work (19.6%) or NILFET (2.9%) than were those from the highest quarter (12.6% and 1.7%, respectively). The SES differences among female early leavers were even greater in this regard: in total 30.9% of females from the lowest SES quarter were either looking for work or NILFET compared to 24.4% from the highest quarter. At all SES levels, females were more frequently than males looking for work or NILFET.


Table 25 Destinations of early school leavers by socioeconomic status (SES) and gender, May 2011

Destination SES quarter Total

Lowest Lower middle Upper middle Highest

Females

Certificate IV or above 6.1 11.0 10.7 12.4 9.6



Employed 27.5 26.4 27.5 28.9 27.3

Looking for work 19.6 16.7 19.8 18.9 18.6

NILFET 11.3 5.9 5.9 5.5 7.5

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Males




Employed 25.1 22.6 19.7 19.2 22.0

Looking for work 19.6 15.4 9.9 12.6 14.7

NILFET 2.9 2.9 2.6 1.7 2.6

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Persons




Employed 26.1 24.1 22.6 22.4 24.0

Looking for work 19.6 15.9 13.5 14.7 16.2

NILFET 6.2 4.1 3.8 3.0 4.5

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Note: This table is based on all early leavers whose home addresses could be mapped to a Census Collection District (CD) or Statistical Local Area (SLA). Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.


Destinations by Indigenous status

Only a very small group of early school leavers (3.2%) identified as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander in the 2011 early leaver survey. As such, the results

need to be treated with caution. The destinations of Indigenous respondents are shown in Table 26.

Enrolment in certificate courses was slightly lower among Indigenous respondents than among non-Indigenous respondents (18.6% compared to 21.2%), although there was little difference in the level or course. There was very little difference between Indigenous and non-

Indigenous early school leavers who had entered an apprenticeship or traineeship.

Indigenous respondents had similar rates of employment than their non-Indigenous peers: 21.2% of Indigenous early leavers and 23.4% of non-Indigenous early leavers were working

when surveyed. A greater percentage of Indigenous early school leavers were unemployed when surveyed compared to their non-Indigenous peers, and a greater percentage of non-Indigenous early school leavers were NILFET.

Table 26 Destinations of early school leavers from an Indigenous background, by gender, May 2011


No. % No. % No. %

Certificate I-IV or above 10 21.7 11 16.4 21 18.6


Employed 13 28.3 11 16.4 24 21.2


Total 46 100.0 67 100.0 113 100.0



Destinations by language background

One in ten (10.2%) of respondents in the On Track 2011 early leaver survey—compared to one-fifth of Year 12 or equivalent completers—said that they speak a language other than English at home. Among these early school leavers from a language background other than English (LBOTE) the most common

Early school leavers from a language background other than English were unemployed (not studying or working and looking for work) at a higher rate (21.5%) than non-LBOTE early leavers (15.1%), and were slightly more frequently NILFET.

Destinations by geographic location

There was regional variation in the post-school destinations of early school leavers. For Victoria, 60.6% of males were enrolled in some form of education or training. Enrolment in further education and training for male early school leavers was slightly higher in non-metropolitan regions (63.9%) than in metropolitan regions (58.1%), mainly because of the higher take-up

languages spoken were Arabic, Italian, Turkish and Greek, each comprising more than 7% of all LBOTE respondents. The destinations of LBOTE early school leavers are shown in Table 27.

In education and training destinations, there were marked differences between LBOTE and non-LBOTE early school leavers. Early leavers from other

rate of apprenticeships (see Table 28). Female participation in further education and training also displayed regional differences, with participation higher in the Loddon Mallee region (50.4%) than in all other regions. Overall, 58.2% of early school leavers from non-metropolitan regions were in education and training, compared to 53.0% of early leavers from metropolitan regions.

There were also overall important differences in destinations in regard to engagement with the labour force. There was little difference between metropolitan and non-metropolitan early school leavers in employment, with just under one-quarter of leavers in either full-time or part-time work. Early leavers from schools in metropolitan regions,

language backgrounds were more frequently undertaking further study at all certificate levels compared to non-LBOTE early school leavers and less frequently in an apprenticeship or traineeship. Overall, 50.6% of LBOTE early school leavers were engaged in further education and training compared to 57.6% of non-LBOTE early leavers.

however, were more frequently not working, not studying and looking for work (17.6%) than were leavers from non-metropolitan regions (14.4%), and they were more frequently NILFET.

Table 27 Destinations of early school leavers from a language background other than English, by gender, May 2011


No. % No. % No. %

Certificate I-IV or above 40 35.4 57 23.3 97 27.1


Employed 25 22.1 57 23.3 82 22.9


Total 113 100.0 245 100.0 358 100.0


35The On Track Survey 2012

Table 28 Destinations of early school leavers, by DEECD region and gender, May 2011

Destination Metropolitan Regions Metropolitan TotalEastern

MetropolitanNorthern

MetropolitanSouthern

MetropolitanWestern

Metropolitan

% % % % %

Females

Certificate I-IV+ 16.0 11.1 9.2 9.4 11.2


Apprenticeship 11.0 6.7 10.5 7.4 8.9

Traineeship 7.7 9.3 6.7 6.4 7.6



Looking for work 19.3 13.3 23.4 21.8 19.5

NILFET 6.6 13.3 7.5 6.4 8.6

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Count 181 225 239 202 847

Males

Certificate I-IV+ 4.8 5.6 5.7 7.1 5.8


Apprenticeship 40.7 32.3 36.1 37.5 36.7

Traineeship 3.5 3.1 2.6 2.5 2.9



Looking for work 12.2 20.1 16.1 17.3 16.4

NILFET 1.9 5.2 1.8 2.8 2.8

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Count 312 288 385 323 1308

Persons

Certificate I-IV+ 8.9 8.0 7.1 8.0 7.9


Apprenticeship 29.8 21.1 26.3 25.9 25.8

Traineeship 5.1 5.8 4.2 4.0 4.7



Looking for work 14.8 17.2 18.9 19.0 17.6

NILFET 3.7 8.8 4.0 4.2 5.1

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Count 493 513 624 525 2155


Destination Non-metropolitan Regions Non-metropolitan

TotalBarwon South

WesternGippsland Grampians Hume Loddon Mallee

% % % % % %

Females

Certificate I-IV+ 8.0 6.7 6.5 6.6 8.0 7.3


Apprenticeship 12.4 8.4 8.7 14.2 12.4 11.3

Traineeship 8.0 7.6 12.0 8.5 10.2 9.1



Looking for work 20.4 13.4 16.3 22.6 14.6 17.4

NILFET 6.6 8.4 4.3 5.7 4.4 5.9

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Count 137 119 92 106 137 591

Males

Certificate I-IV+ 5.4 3.1 5.5 3.2 1.8 3.7


Apprenticeship 48.0 51.3 45.4 47.9 46.4 47.9

Traineeship 4.5 4.4 5.5 5.3 6.4 5.2



Looking for work 10.9 9.6 18.4 14.2 11.8 12.6

NILFET 1.4 1.8 1.8 5.3 1.8 2.3

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Count 221 228 163 190 220 1022

Persons

Certificate I-IV+ 6.4 4.3 5.9 4.4 4.2 5.0


Apprenticeship 34.4 36.6 32.2 35.8 33.3 34.5

Traineeship 5.9 5.5 7.8 6.4 7.8 6.6



Looking for work 14.5 11.0 17.6 17.2 12.9 14.4

NILFET 3.4 4.0 2.7 5.4 2.8 3.7

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Count 358 347 255 296 357 1613

Note: Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.37Destinations of early school leavers

Destinations of Early School Leavers, 2003–2011

In the nine years of On Track the percentages of early leavers in each destination have not changed markedly (see Table 29). While there have been fluctuations in the proportions of each cohort involved in apprenticeships, there has not been a large increase over the years since the first survey in 2003, when 28.7% of early school leavers went into

an apprenticeship, and the most recent survey in 2011, when 30.9% of early leavers took up an apprenticeship. The percentage enrolled in certificate level courses decreased between 2003 and 2008, from 23.0% to 14.6%, but has remained consistent among the two most recent cohorts. The percentage of early school leavers in education and training was higher in 2011 than in any previous year of On Track.

The percentage of respondents who left school early and entered employment without being enrolled in further education or training has also fluctuated over the years of the survey. In 2011, 25.2% of early leavers were employed. This is the lowest rate of employment of all nine years of On Track. The percentage of early school leavers looking for work has also fluctuated in a similar way to the percentage employed since 2003, and was 17.0% in 2011.

Table 29 Destinations of early school leavers, 2003-2011

Destination 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

% % % % % % % % %

Certificate I-IV+ 23.0 22.4 19.8 14.6 15.8 14.6 17.5 21.2 21.1

Apprenticeship 28.7 23.5 29.8 35.5 30.2 33.2 30.3 28.2 30.9

Traineeship 5.4 5.3 8.0 7.1 7.1 7.3 5.5 6.4 5.8

In education & training (sub-total)

57.0 51.2 57.6 57.2 53.2 55.1 53.3 55.8 57.8

Employed 25.9 29.6 27.0 27.9 31.5 30.9 28.0 27.5 25.2

Looking for work 17.0 19.2 15.4 14.8 15.3 14.0 18.7 16.7 17.0

Not in education or training (sub-total)

43.0 48.8 42.4 42.8 46.8 44.9 46.7 44.2 42.2

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Note: The category ‘NILFET’ was not used prior to the 2009 survey, and early leavers in this category were not included in totals. For this table, all those in the ‘NILFET’ category are excluded from the totals, resulting in differences between percentages reported in this table and percentages reported in Table 23.


Early School Leavers not in education or trainingThe jobs found by early school leavers who did not enter further education or training are listed in Table 30. Four of the five most common occupations among early school leavers—Sales Assistants, Counter Hands at Food Outlets,

Checkout Operators and Cashiers, and Storepersons—were among the five most common occupations of Year 12 or equivalent completers not in education or training. The one occupation not among the five most common occupations of Year 12 or equivalent completers is General Labourers, which accounted for more male early school leavers than

any other occupation (10.9%). This was followed by Storepersons (7.6%) and Kitchen Hands (6.8%). Among female early school leavers, the four most common occupations were also the four most common occupations of Year 12 or equivalent completers, accounting for more than one-half of each group.

Table 30 Occupations of early school leavers employed full-time or part-time and not in education or training, by gender, May 2011

Occupation Count Per cent of females Per cent of males

Sales Assistants 94 17.5 5.6

Counter Hands at Food Outlets 73 12.6 5.2

Checkout Operators and Cashiers 66 12.3 3.9

General Labourers 54 0.3 10.9

Storepersons 53 4.2 7.6

Waiters 49 9.9 2.3

Kitchen Hands 48 3.9 6.8

Factory Workers and Packers 33 1.6 5.6

Receptionists 27 6.5 0.4

Farm Workers and Farmers 25 2.1 3.5

Concreters and Construction Workers 21 0.0 4.3

Bar Attendants 18 2.9 1.4

Telemarketing and Call Centres 15 2.6 1.0

Plumbers 13 0.0 2.7

Construction and Earthmoving Labourers 11 0.3 2.1

Carpenters and Joiners 10 0.0 2.1

Cleaners 10 1.8 0.6

Gardeners and Nursery Workers 10 0.3 1.9

Teachers, Tutors and Teacher Aides 10 1.3 1.0

Animal Workers 9 0.5 1.4

The Arts 9 0.8 1.2

Building and Construction Professionals 8 0.0 1.6

Sport and Fitness 8 0.5 1.2

Tilers, Slaters and Floor Finishers 7 0.3 1.2

General Clerks 7 1.6 0.2

Cooks 7 0.5 1.0

Painters and Decorators 6 0.0 1.2

Child Care 6 1.6 0.0

All others 160 14.1 21.9

Total 867 100.0 100.0Note: Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.


Reasons for early school leavers not continuing in education and training

As is the case with Year 12 or equivalent completers, early school leavers indicated multiple reasons for not continuing in study (see Table 31). Four out of five (80.2%) of early school leavers not in education or training were not studying because they wanted to start earning their own money. Among Year 12

or equivalent completers, 83.8% of those not studying had given this reason more frequently than all other reasons. And among both Year 12 completers and early school leavers, it was the most common response for both females and males. The only major difference between males and females regarding reason for not studying related to starting a career. Among males, 61.5% stated this as a

reason for not continuing in education or training, compared to 45.5% of females. This was also the greatest area of difference among Year 12 or equivalent completers.

When asked the main reason for not studying, 35.2% said they wanted to start earning their own money, 21.2% said they needed a break from study, and 17.4% said they wanted to start a career.

Table 31 Reasons for not continuing in education or training, early school leavers not in education or training, May 2011

Reason Females Males Persons

% % %



You wanted to start your career right away 45.5 61.5 54.1

You wanted some other experiences, like travel, before continuing your education 33.0 35.1 34.1




You never planned or intended to study 15.5 21.4 18.7



Public transport costs are unaffordable (Early leavers from non-metropolitan regions only)

16.0 13.8 14.8

There is no appropriate public transport or other way of getting there (Early leavers from non-metropolitan regions only)

14.5 13.2 13.8



Reasons for leaving school early

Young people leave school before completing Year 12 or an equivalent certificate for a number of reasons. Polesel and Helme (2004) classify the various influences leading to early school leaving as ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors. ‘Push’ factors operate from within the school setting and act to drive young people away from the school environment, usually in a negative manner. Factors that tend to attract young people away from

school and into another pathway, such as an apprenticeship, traineeship or employment are ‘pull’ factors, which act in a predominantly positive way.

For the 2011 On Track survey, early school leavers were invited to say, without prompting, why they left school. They were invited to provide as many reasons they felt were applicable. In 2011, 26.6% of early leavers nominated more than one reason.

Table 32 shows the reasons given by early leavers as influences on their decision to leave school, separating the first reason given from other reasons

stated. Responses are shown separately for females and males, with ‘push’ factors in the top section, ‘pull’ factors in the middle and ‘other’ factors in the bottom section. The most important ‘push’ factor was that early leavers did not like school or teachers, or they were not interested in school. This reason was nominated by 18.1% of female early leavers as the main reason for their exit and by another 6.0% of young women as a secondary reason. Among male early school leavers, this reason was nominated by 19.4% as the first reason and by another 7.6% as a secondary reason.

Table 32 Reasons given by early leavers for leaving school, by gender, 2011

Reason Females Males

First reason Other reason First reason Other reason

PUSH FACTORS

I didn’t like school or teachers/I wasn’t interested 18.1 6.0 19.4 7.6

School wasn’t for me/I wasn’t learning 10.0 1.9 10.6 2.1

I wasn’t coping well at school/failing subjects 9.7 2.9 5.6 1.6

I was asked to leave/expelled/got in trouble 2.7 0.6 4.7 0.7

Bullying or peer relationship problems 4.2 1.5 1.1 1.3

Other push factors 3.5 1.4 2.6 0.7

PULL FACTORS

Work or career reasons 15.8 5.4 38.3 8.4

I wanted to study elsewhere (eg, TAFE) or do a different course 5.2 1.6 3.7 1.0

I travelled/I went overseas/I moved 4.5 1.6 1.4 0.6

Other pull factors 4.0 1.5 4.1 2.0

OTHER FACTORS

Family or other personal reasons 9.7 1.4 2.9 0.7

Ill health 8.2 2.0 2.3 0.5

Other 4.2 3.5 3.2 2.8

Notes: Percentages in the ‘first reason’ columns may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Percentages in the ‘other reason’ columns represent only those who offered additional reasons and sum to less than 100%.


Young men most frequently cited a reason relating to work or career as the major ‘pull’ factor for leaving school early, and as the main factor overall. Close to two out of every five male early leavers (38.3%) cited work or career as the main reason, and an additional 8.4% cited it as a secondary reason. Among young women work or career was the main ‘pull’ factor, but only 15.8% of female early leavers cited it as the main reason and an additional 5.4% cited it as a secondary reason.

Family and other personal reasons was cited by 9.7% of young women as the main reason, and 1.4% cited it as an additional reason. This was the main reason for only 2.9% of young men and an additional 0.7% of young men.

There were only minor differences in the reasons for early school leaving between 2010 and 2011.


Table A1 VCE VET enrolments in 2010, by certificate

Year OTFE certificate code

Certificate title Enrolments

2010 CUV20203 Certificate II in Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander Cultural Arts 15

2010 CUV30203 Certificate III in Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander Cultural Arts 6

2010 CUV40203 Certificate IV in Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander Cultural Arts 11

2010 21607VIC Certificate II in Acting (Film and Television) 47

2010 21608VIC Certificate III in Acting (Film and Television) 12

2010 40408SA Certificate I in Active Volunteering 12

2010 MEA20401 Certificate II in Aeroskills 5

2010 MEA20407 Certificate II in Aeroskills 19

2010 CHC30208 Certificate III in Aged Care 26

2010 CHC30102 Certificate III in Aged Care Work 17

2010 RTE20103 Certificate II in Agriculture 581

2010 RTE30103 Certificate III in Agriculture 49

2010 RTE40103 Certificate IV in Agriculture 1

2010 HLT32407 Certificate III in Allied Health Assistance 131

2010 RUV20104 Certificate II in Animal Studies 280

2010 UEE30507 Certificate III in Appliance Servicing 1

2010 21633VIC Certificate II in Applied Design in Industry 42

2010 LMT21706 Certificate II in Applied Fashion Design and Technology 2

2010 LMT21707 Certificate II in Applied Fashion Design and Technology 863

2010 LMT31407 Certificate III in Applied Fashion Design and Technology 60

2010 39042QLD Certificate II in Applied Language 226

2010 39043QLD Certificate III in Applied Language 5

2010 CUV30403 Certificate III in Arts Administration 1

2010 PRM20104 Certificate II in Asset Maintenance (Cleaning Operations) 73

2010 PRM30104 Certificate III in Asset Maintenance (Cleaning Operations) 5

2010 21200VIC Certificate II in Auslan 1

2010 AUR10105 Certificate I in Automotive 16

2010 AUR20405 Certificate II in Automotive Electrical Technology 21

Appendix 1 Enrolments in VCE Vocational Education and Training (VET)

43Enrolments in VCE Vocational Education and Training (VET)



2010 AUR20408 Certificate II in Automotive Electrical Technology 4

2010 AUR30305 Certificate III in Automotive Electrical Technology 2

2010 AUR20705 Certificate II in Automotive Mechanical 6

2010 AUR30405 Certificate III in Automotive Mechanical Technology 91

2010 AUR30605 Certificate III in Automotive Specialist 5

2010 22015VIC Certificate II in Automotive Studies (Pre-vocational) 177

2010 21560VIC Certificate II in Automotive Technology Studies 2,205

2010 AUR20905 Certificate II in Automotive Vehicle Body 7

2010 AUR30805 Certificate III in Automotive Vehicle Body 12

2010 AUR20505 Certificate II in Automotive Vehicle Servicing 94

2010 AVI20208 Certificate II in Aviation (Flight Operations) 48

2010 AVI40108 Certificate IV in Aviation Operations (Commerical Pilot Aeroplane) 6

2010 WRB30104 Certificate III in Beauty Services 479

2010 WRB40105 Certificate IV in Beauty Therapy 3

2010 AUR20305 Certificate II in Bicycles 8

2010 AUR30205 Certificate III in Bicycles 3

2010 CPC30108 Certificate III in Bricklaying/Blocklaying 7

2010 BCG40106 Certificate IV in Building and Construction 10

2010 CPC40108 Certificate IV in Building and Construction (Building) 9

2010 21844VIC Certificate II in Building and Construction Pre-apprenticeship 4,550

2010 BSB10101 Certificate I in Business 90

2010 BSB10107 Certificate I in Business 158

2010 BSB20101 Certificate II in Business 6

2010 BSB20107 Certificate II in Business 3,594

2010 BSB30101 Certificate III in Business 1

2010 BSB30107 Certificate III in Business 288

2010 BSB30704 Certificate III in Business (Medical Administration) 2

2010 BSB30201 Certificate III in Business Administration 1

2010 BSB30407 Certificate III in Business Administration 346




2010 BSB40507 Certificate IV in Business Administration 15

2010 BSB31007 Certificate III in Business Administration (Legal) 8

2010 LMF32109 Certificate III in Cabinet Making 11

2010 RUV30204 Certificate III in Captive Animals 17

2010 THC20404 Certificate II in Caravan Park Operations 1

2010 CPC30208 Certificate III in Carpentry 162

2010 CHC41408 Certificate IV in Child, Youth and Family Intervention 2

2010 CHC30402 Certificate III in Children’s Services 186

2010 CHC30708 Certificate III in Children’s Services 410

2010 30267QLD Certificate III in Christian Ministry 2

2010 91115NSW Certificate III in Christian Studies 33

2010 21888VIC Certificate II in Circus 5

2010 BCC20107 Certificate II in Civil Construction 1

2010 BCC30603 Certificate III in Civil Construction (Plant Operations) 1

2010 BCC30607 Certificate III in Civil Construction (Plant Operations) 11

2010 LMT30506 Certificate III in Clothing Production 1

2010 LMT20707 Certificate II in Clothing Production (Complex or Multiple Process) 1

2010 LMT20607 Certificate II in Clothing Production (Intermediate) 10

2010 30699QLD Certificate III in Commercial Arts (Interior Decoration) 1

2010 CHC40808 Certificate IV in Community Development 1

2010 SIR20107 Certificate II in Community Pharmacy 11

2010 SIR30107 Certificate III in Community Pharmacy 4

2010 SRC10206 Certificate I in Community Recreation 42

2010 SRC20206 Certificate II in Community Recreation 3,658

2010 SRC30206 Certificate III in Community Recreation 8

2010 CHC20108 Certificate II in Community Services 1,661

2010 CHC41602 Certificate IV in Community Services (Lifestyle and Leisure) 2

2010 CHC20102 Certificate II in Community Services Support Work 4

2010 CHC20202 Certificate II in Community Services Work 612




2010 CHC30108 Certificate III in Community Services Work 4

2010 CHC30802 Certificate III in Community Services Work 43

2010 RUV30304 Certificate III in Companion Animal Services 33

2010 UEE20507 Certificate II in Computer Assembly and Repair 5

2010 21471VIC Certificate III in Concept Development for Clothing Products 1

2010 RTD10102 Certificate I in Conservation and Land Management 4

2010 RTD20102 Certificate II in Conservation and Land Management 299

2010 RTD30102 Certificate III in Conservation and Land Management 13

2010 RTD40102 Certificate IV in Conservation and Land Management 1

2010 BCG10198 Certificate I in Construction 19

2010 CPC10108 Certificate I in Construction 141

2010 CPC20108 Certificate II in Construction 23

2010 CPC20208 Certificate II in Construction Pathways 1

2010 CUF10107 Certificate I in Creative Industries 38

2010 CUF20107 Certificate II in Creative Industries (Media) 759

2010 BSB30207 Certificate III in Customer Contact 12

2010 21764VIC Certificate II in Dance 507

2010 21760VIC Certificate III in Dance 35

2010 21912VIC Certificate IV in Dance 10

2010 21816VIC Certificate IV in Dance (Teaching and Management) 18

2010 21627VIC Certificate IV in Dance (Classical Ballet/Performing Arts) 1

2010 21719VIC Certificate IV in Dance Mediums 1

2010 91251NSW Certificate III in Dance Performance Studies 1

2010 HLT31807 Certificate III in Dental Assisting 5

2010 CUV40303 Certificate IV in Design 125

2010 CUV30303 Certificate III in Design Fundamentals 20

2010 CHC30408 Certificate III in Disability 5

2010 CHC40308 Certificate IV in Disability 7

2010 CHC30302 Certificate III in Disability Work 2




2010 CHC40302 Certificate IV in Disability Work 8

2010 21484VIC Certificate III in Education 1

2010 CHC30808 Certificate III in Education Support 1

2010 UEE30907 Certificate III in Electronics and Communication 1

2010 UTE10102 Certificate I in Electrotechnology 2

2010 UEE22007 Certificate II in Electrotechnology (Career Start) 217

2010 21583VIC Certificate II in Electrotechnology (Shared Technology) 881

2010 UEE30807 Certificate III in Electrotechnology Electrician 74

2010 21887VIC Certificate II in Electrotechnology Studies (Pre-vocational) 483

2010 HLT21107 Certificate II in Emergency Medical Service First Response 175

2010 91350NSW Certificate III in Employment Education and Training 68

2010 MEM20105 Certificate II in Engineering 161

2010 MEM20205 Certificate II in Engineering (Production Tech) 25

2010 MEM30305 Certificate III in Engineering - Fabrication Trade 36

2010 MEM30205 Certificate III in Engineering - Mechanical Trade 24

2010 MEM30505 Certificate III in Engineering - Technical 1

2010 22019VIC Certificate II in Engineering Studies 1,895

2010 21565VIC Certificate III in Engineering Studies 6

2010 21908VIC Certificate II in Equine Industry 573

2010 UET30406 Certificate III in ESI - Cable Jointing 1

2010 21936VIC Certificate I in ESL (Access) 19

2010 21932VIC Certificate II in ESL (Access) 61

2010 21933VIC Certificate III in ESL (Access) 28

2010 SIT30607 Certificate III in Events 97

2010 91168NSW Certificate II in Fashion Visualisation 7

2010 FNS30107 Certificate III in Financial Services 116

2010 FNS30304 Certificate III in Financial Services (Accounts Clerical) 3

2010 SRF30206 Certificate III in Fitness 286

2010 SRF40206 Certificate IV in Fitness 14




2010 LMF31208 Certificate III in Flooring Technology 3

2010 WRF20104 Certificate II in Floristry 6

2010 WRF30104 Certificate III in Floristry 6

2010 FDF10103 Certificate I in Food Processing 13

2010 FDF20103 Certificate II in Food Processing 4

2010 FDF30603 Certificate III in Food Processing (Retail Baking - Bread) 6

2010 FDF30503 Certificate III in Food Processing (Retail Baking - Cake and Pastry) 28

2010 FDF30703 Certificate III in Food Processing (Retail Baking Combined) 10

2010 FDF30903 Certificate III in Food Processing (Sales) 11

2010 FDF20403 Certificate II in Food Processing (Wine) 35

2010 FPI20105 Certificate II in Forest Growing and Management 1

2010 BSB31207 Certificate III in Frontline Management 19

2010 LMF10102 Certificate I in Furnishing 52

2010 21278VIC Certificate II in Furnishing 36

2010 LMF20309 Certificate II in Furnishing 26

2010 21278VIC Certificate II in Furnishing (Pre-apprenticeship Cabinet Making) 976

2010 LMF20302 Certificate II in Furniture Making 25

2010 LMF30302 Certificate III in Furniture Making 4

2010 LMF30402 Certificate III in Furniture Making (Cabinet Making) 14

2010 21695VIC Certificate IV in Further Education 29

2010 BCG30798 Certificate III in Gen Construction (Carp-Framewrk/Formwrk/Finish) 73

2010 BCG20198 Certificate II in General Construction 20

2010 BCG30698 Certificate III in General Construction (Bricklaying/Blocklaying) 3

2010 BCG30498 Certificate III in General Construction (Painting and Decorating) 8

2010 BCG30298 Certificate III in General Construction (Wall and Ceiling Lining) 2

2010 BCG30198 Certificate III in General Construction (Wall and Floor Tiling) 4

2010 21772VIC Certificate I in General Education for Adults 916

2010 21773VIC Certificate II in General Education for Adults 1,003

2010 21774VIC Certificate III in General Education for Adults (CGEA) 258




2010 21771VIC Certificate I in General Education for Adults (Introductory) 221

2010 WRH20106 Certificate II in Hairdressing 1,082

2010 WRH20109 Certificate II in Hairdressing 543

2010 WRH30106 Certificate III in Hairdressing 134

2010 WRH30109 Certificate III in Hairdressing 52

2010 HLT32507 Certificate III in Health Services Assistance 86

2010 CHC30202 Certificate III in Home and Community Care 2

2010 RTF10103 Certificate I in Horticulture 62

2010 RTF20103 Certificate II in Horticulture 528

2010 RTF30103 Certificate III in Horticulture 5

2010 RTF30203 Certificate III in Horticulture (Arboriculture) 1

2010 RTF30403 Certificate III in Horticulture (Landscape) 7

2010 RTF20703 Certificate II in Horticulture (Parks and Gardens) 118

2010 RTF30803 Certificate III in Horticulture (Turf Management) 2

2010 SIT10207 Certificate I in Hospitality 47

2010 SIT20207 Certificate II in Hospitality 3,757

2010 SIT30707 Certificate III in Hospitality 465

2010 SIT40307 Certificate IV in Hospitality 1

2010 THH31502 Certificate III in Hospitality (Commercial Cookery) 25

2010 SIT30807 Certificate III in Hospitality (Commercial Cookery) 136

2010 THH11102 Certificate I in Hospitality (Kitchen Operations) 9

2010 THH22002 Certificate II in Hospitality (Kitchen Operations) 1

2010 SIT20307 Certificate II in Hospitality (Kitchen Operations) 2,939

2010 SIT10307 Certificate I in Hospitality (Kitchen Ops) 262

2010 THH11002 Certificate I in Hospitality (Operations) 5

2010 THH21802 Certificate II in Hospitality (Operations) 21

2010 THH33002 Certificate III in Hospitality (Operations) 45

2010 ICA10105 Certificate I in Information Technology 336

2010 ICA20105 Certificate II in Information Technology 1,291




2010 ICA30105 Certificate III in Information Technology 1,353

2010 ICA40105 Certificate IV in Information Technology (General) 2

2010 ICA40805 Certificate IV in Information Technology (Multimedia) 2

2010 ICA40405 Certificate IV in Information Technology Networking 2

2010 CUF40207 Certificate IV in Interactive Digital Media 8

2010 LMF40408 Certificate IV in Interior Decoration 3

2010 LMF31908 Certificate III in Interior Decoration (Retail Supervision) 13

2010 40512SA Certificate I in Introductory Vocational Education 22

2010 CPC31908 Certificate III in Joinery 2

2010 21533VIC Certificate II in Joinery/Shopfitting/Stairbuilding (Pre-app) 53

2010 21792VIC Certificate IV in Justice 25

2010 PML30104 Certificate III in Laboratory Skills 49

2010 80776ACT Certificate I in Language 29

2010 80775ACT Certificate II in Language 99

2010 30803QLD Certificate II in Leadership Support 9

2010 CUL20104 Certificate II in Library/Information Services 2

2010 CUL30104 Certificate III in Library/Information Services 8

2010 CUE20103 Certificate II in Live Production, Theatre and Events 55

2010 CUE40303 Certificate IV in Live Production, Theatre and Events 1

2010 WRB20204 Certificate II in Make-up Services 488

2010 PMC20104 Certificate II in Manufactured Mineral Products 6

2010 MCM20105 Certificate II in Manufacturing Technology 77

2010 AUR20605 Certificate II in Marine 1

2010 HLT40307 Certificate IV in Massage Therapy Practice 2

2010 MTM10207 Certificate I in Meat Processing (Meat Retailing) 2

2010 MTM30807 Certificate III in Meat Processing (Meat Retailing) 6

2010 CUF10101 Certificate I in Media 8

2010 CUF30107 Certificate III in Media 3,432

2010 BSB30307 Certificate III in Micro Business Operations 7




2010 21706VIC Certificate IV in Ministry 3

2010 30771QLD Certificate III in Ministry and Theology 127

2010 21456VIC Certificate II in Modelling 20

2010 CUF30601 Certificate III in Multimedia 2

2010 21859VIC Certificate I in Mumgu-dhal tyama-tiyt 2

2010 CUS30101 Certificate III in Music 595

2010 CUS40101 Certificate IV in Music 35

2010 CUS40201 Certificate IV in Music Industry 8

2010 CUS30301 Certificate III in Music Industry (Business) 5

2010 CUS10101 Certificate I in Music Industry (Foundation) 1

2010 CUS20101 Certificate II in Music Industry (Foundation) 923

2010 CUS30201 Certificate III in Music Industry (Technical Production) 1,036

2010 LMF40308 Certificate IV in Musical Instrument Making and Repair 12

2010 LMF31408 Certificate III in Musical Instrument Making and Repairing 7

2010 WRB20104 Certificate II in Nail Technology 74

2010 HLT43407 Certificate IV in Nursing (Enrolled/Division 2 Nursing) 15

2010 BCF30100 Certificate III in Off-Site Construction (Shopfitting) 2

2010 BCF30700 Certificate III in Off-Site Construction (Sign Writing/Computer Ops) 2

2010 AUR20805 Certificate II in Outdoor Power Equipment 1

2010 AUR30705 Certificate III in Outdoor Power Equipment 2

2010 SRO20206 Certificate II in Outdoor Recreation 1,329

2010 SRO30206 Certificate III in Outdoor Recreation 2

2010 CPC30608 Certificate III in Painting and Decorating 6

2010 21824VIC Certificate III in Performing Arts 3

2010 CUV40403 Certificate IV in Photoimaging 85

2010 LMF20602 Certificate II in Picture Framing 9

2010 BCP30103 Certificate III in Plumbing 26

2010 CPC32408 Certificate III in Plumbing 69

2010 21642VIC Certificate II in Plumbing (Prevocational) 392




2010 PMB20107 Certificate II in Polymer Processing 21

2010 91454NSW Certificate III in Preparation for Vocational and Further Study 1

2010 ICP20405 Certificate II in Printing and Graphic Arts 10

2010 ICP20205 Certificate II in Printing and Graphic Arts (Desktop Publishing) 102

2010 ICP40205 Certificate IV in Printing and Graphic Arts (Multimedia) 53

2010 ICP20505 Certificate II in Printing and Graphic Arts (Screen Printing) 2

2010 ICP30105 Certificate III in Printing and Graphics (Graphic Design Production) 2

2010 RTE20603 Certificate II in Production Horticulture 1

2010 RTE31603 Certificate III in Production Horticulture 4

2010 CPP40307 Certificate IV in Propety Services (Real Estate) 2

2010 PUA21004 Certificate II in Public Safety (Aquatic Rescue) 4

2010 PUA20701 Certificate II in Public Safety (Firefighting Operations) 146

2010 PUA20400 Certificate II in Public Safety (SES Rescue) 42

2010 PUA30400 Certificate III in Public Safety (SES Rescue) 2

2010 RGR30202 Certificate III in Racing (Advanced Stablehand) 4

2010 RGR30208 Certificate III in Racing (Advanced Stablehand) 9

2010 RGR40202 Certificate IV in Racing (Jockey) 1

2010 RGR40208 Certificate IV in Racing (Jockey) 6

2010 RGR20102 Certificate II in Racing (Stablehand) 4

2010 RGR20108 Certificate II in Racing (Stablehand) 21

2010 THC30104 Certificate III in Recreational Vehicle Manufacturing 22

2010 UEE31307 Certificate III in Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning 3

2010 40357SA Certificate IV in Residential Drafting 20

2010 SIR20207 Certificate II in Retail 1,423

2010 SIR30207 Certificate III in Retail 506

2010 WRB20304 Certificate II in Retail Cosmetic Services 234

2010 SIR40207 Certificate IV in Retail Management 3

2010 WRR10102 Certificate I in Retail Operations 3

2010 WRR20102 Certificate II in Retail Operations 83




2010 WRR30202 Certificate III in Retail Operations 69

2010 SIR10107 Certificate I in Retail Services 85

2010 WRR30102 Certificate III in Retail Supervision 12

2010 RTE10103 Certificate I in Rural Operations 13

2010 RTE20703 Certificate II in Rural Operations 18

2010 RTE31903 Certificate III in Rural Operations 3

2010 MSL20109 Certificate II in Sampling and Measurement 24

2010 CUF40401 Certificate IV in Screen 38

2010 CUF40107 Certificate IV in Screen and Media 36

2010 SFI20104 Certificate II in Seafood Industry (Aquaculture) 3

2010 SFI30104 Certificate III in Seafood Industry (Aquaculture) 3

2010 RTE20403 Certificate II in Shearing 5

2010 21398VIC Certificate II in Sign Writing 10

2010 22003VIC Certificate II in Signage 25

2010 91347NSW Certificate II in Skills for Work and Training 70

2010 21956VIC Certificate II in Small Business (Operations/Innovation) 218

2010 21530VIC Certificate II in Small Business (Operations/Innovation) 29

2010 CPC31008 Certificate III in Solid Plastering 1

2010 CPP20107 Certificate II in Spatial Information Services 2

2010 91421NSW Certificate I in Spoken and Written English 3

2010 91422NSW Certificate II in Spoken and Written English 19

2010 91423NSW Certificate III in Spoken and Written English 9

2010 SRO40106 Certificate IV in Sport and Recreation 351

2010 SRS30206 Certificate III in Sport (Career Oriented Participation) 1

2010 SRS20306 Certificate II in Sport (Coaching) 92

2010 SRS30306 Certificate III in Sport (Coaching) 36

2010 SRS30406 Certificate III in Sport (Officiating) 17

2010 SRO20106 Certificate II in Sport and Recreation 437

2010 SRO30106 Certificate III in Sport and Recreation 534




2010 ZWA20104 Certificate II in Store Operations (Woolworths Supermarkets) 1

2010 ICT20202 Certificate II in Telecommunications 1

2010 ICT20302 Certificate II in Telecommunications(Cabling) 1

2010 LMT41107 Certificate IV in Textile Design and Development 11

2010 LMT20507 Certificate II in Textile Fabrication 1

2010 LMT40107 Certificate IV in Textile Technology and Production 2

2010 LMT11106 Certificate I in Textiles Clothing and Footwear 1

2010 91361NSW Certificate III in Theatre and Screen Performance 12

2010 SIT20107 Certificate II in Tourism 96

2010 SIT30107 Certificate III in Tourism 22

2010 SIT30207 Certificate III in Tourism (Retail Travel Sales) 7

2010 21671VIC Certificate I in Transition Education 371

2010 TDA40203 Certificate IV in Transport and Distribution (Aviation Flight Ops) 6

2010 TDT20102 Certificate II in Transport and Distribution (Warehousing) 8

2010 TLI21107 Certificate II in Transport and Logistics (Logistics Operations) 7

2010 TLI31107 Certificate III in Transport and Logistics (Logistics Operations) 6

2010 TLIPC107 Certificate I in Transport and Logistics (Rail Pathways) 3

2010 TLI20107 Certificate II in Transport and Logistics (Warehousing and Storage) 85

2010 TLI30107 Certificate III in Transport and Logistics (Warehousing and Storage) 56

2010 LMF31002 Certificate III in Upholstery 1

2010 RUV40404 Certificate IV in Veterinary Nursing 5

2010 CUV10103 Certificate I in Visual Arts and Contemporary Craft 61

2010 CUV20103 Certificate II in Visual Arts and Contemporary Craft 65

2010 CUV30103 Certificate III in Visual Arts and Contemporary Craft 127

2010 CUV40103 Certificate IV in Visual Arts and Contemporary Craft 78

2010 21625VIC Certificate I in Vocational Preparation 668

2010 22012VIC Certificate I in Vocational Preparation 684

2010 CPC31208 Certificate III in Wall and Ceiling Lining 1

2010 CPC31308 Certificate III in Wall and Floor Tiling 1




2010 NWP10107 Certificate I in Water Sustainability 15

2010 SIR20307 Certificate II in Wholesale 6

2010 RTE20303 Certificate II in Wool Handling 6

2010 21672VIC Certificate I in Work Education 63

2010 CHC10102 Certificate I in Work Preparation 5

2010 CHC40602 Certificate IV in Youth Work 5

2010 CHC41808 Certificate IV in Youth Work 2

2010 CISCO1 CISCO Discovery & Exploration 298

2010 21731VIC Course in Concurrent Study 54

2010 21883VIC Course in Construction (OH&S Induction) 556

2010 21854VIC Course in Home Sustainability Assessment 22

2010 21770VIC Course in Initial General Education for Adults 46

2010 RTE50103 Diploma of Agriculture 1

2010 CHC50908 Diploma of Children’s Services (Early Childhood Education & Care) 2

2010 SRF50206 Diploma of Fitness 1

2010 BSB51107 Diploma of Management 1

2010 HLT51607 Diploma of Nursing 9

2010 CUV50407 Diploma of Photoimaging 40

2010 21515VIC Diploma of Practical Rabbinics 37

2010 RET20102 VCE VET Retail Operations 1

Total 63,806

Source: VCAA, 20 October 2011.


Table A2 Referral status of Year 12 or equivalent completers, by the LLEN area in which their school was located

LLEN Referral not offered

Referral offered and

accepted


refused

Total

Metropolitan LLEN areas

Banyule Nillumbik No.

%

1,422

89.0

48

3.0

127

8.0

1,597

100.0

Bayside Glen Eira Kingston No.

%

1,708

86.8

60

3.1

199

10.1

1,967

100.0

Brimbank Melton No.

%

1,312

89.3

53

3.6

104

7.1

1,469

100.0

Capital City No.

%

717

90.4

24

3.0

52

6.6

793

100.0

Frankston Mornington Peninsula No.

%

1,182

75.7

83

5.3

296

19.0

1,561

100.0

Gateway No.

%

3,250

91.6

67

1.9

230

6.5

3,547

100.0

Hume Whittlesea No.

%

1,454

85.3

50

2.9

200

11.7

1,704

100.0

Inner Eastern No.

%

3,036

92.4

60

1.8

190

5.8

3,286

100.0

Inner Northern No.

%

1,249

84.6

68

4.6

160

10.8

1,477

100.0

Maribyrnong Moonee Valley No.

%

1,371

89.6

45

2.9

114

7.5

1,530

100.0

Outer Eastern No.

%

2,342

85.5

70

2.6

326

11.9

2,738

100.0

South East No.

%

2,319

86.1

102

3.8

271

10.1

2,692

100.0

WynBay No.

%

1,179

84.5

52

3.7

165

11.8

1,396

100.0

Total, metropolitan LLENs No.

%

22,541

87.5

782

3.0

2,434

9.4

25,757

100.0

Appendix 2 Respondents requesting referrals




accepted


refused

Total

Non-metropolitan LLEN areas

Baw Baw Latrobe No.

%

620

80.9

26

3.4

120

15.7

766

100.0

Campaspe Cohuna No.

%

135

80.8

8

4.8

24

14.4

167

100.0

Central Grampians No.

%

83

85.6

3

3.1

11

11.3

97

100.0

Central Ranges No.

%

496

78.6

27

4.3

108

17.1

631

100.0

Gippsland East No.

%

418

78.4

19

3.6

96

18.0

533

100.0

Glenelg Southern Grampians No.

%

203

81.9

10

4.0

35

14.1

248

100.0

Goldfields No.

%

688

78.4

31

3.5

159

18.1

878

100.0

Goulburn Murray No.

%

471

81.3

21

3.6

87

15.0

579

100.0

Highlands No.

%

777

78.0

51

5.1

168

16.9

996

100.0

Murray Mallee No.

%

132

79.5

3

1.8

31

18.7

166

100.0

NE Tracks No.

%

269

75.4

13

3.6

75

21.0

357

100.0

North Central No.

%

92

89.3

3

2.9

8

7.8

103

100.0

North East No.

%

326

73.4

17

3.8

101

22.7

444

100.0

Northern Mallee No.

%

279

77.9

9

2.5

70

19.6

358

100.0

57Respondents requesting referrals



accepted


refused

Total


Smart Geelong Region No.

%

1,408

80.9

58

3.3

275

15.8

1,741

100.0

South Gippsland Bass Coast No.

%

270

74.6

11

3.0

81

22.4

362

100.0

South West No.

%

487

83.8

14

2.4

80

13.8

581

100.0

Wimmera Southern Mallee No.

%

189

79.4

4

1.7

45

18.9

238

100.0

Total, non-metropolitan LLENs No.

%

7,343

79.4

328

3.5

1574

17.0

9,245

100.0

Total, Victoria No.

%

29,884

85.4

1,110

3.2

4,008

11.5

35,002

100.0


Table A3 Referral status of early school leavers, by the LLEN area in which their school was located



accepted


refused

Total

Metropolitan LLEN areas

Banyule Nillumbik No.

%

60

71.4

5

6.0

19

22.6

84

100.0

Bayside Glen Eira Kingston No.

%

56

59.6

14

14.9

24

25.5

94

100.0

Brimbank Melton No.

%

97

67.4

18

12.5

29

20.1

144

100.0

Capital City No.

%

64

64.6

12

12.1

23

23.2

99

100.0

Frankston Mornington Peninsula No.

%

166

66.4

34

13.6

50

20.0

250

100.0

Gateway No.

%

83

65.4

10

7.9

34

26.8

127

100.0

Hume Whittlesea No.

%

124

63.6

22

11.3

49

25.1

195

100.0

Inner Eastern No.

%

36

72.0

2

4.0

12

24.0

50

100.0

Inner Northern No.

%

131

66.2

22

11.1

45

22.7

198

100.0

Maribyrnong Moonee Valley No.

%

101

71.1

16

11.3

25

17.6

142

100.0

Outer Eastern No.

%

231

74.8

30

9.7

48

15.5

309

100.0

South East No.

%

205

71.7

28

9.8

53

18.5

286

100.0

WynBay No.

%

124

70.1

19

10.7

34

19.2

177

100.0

Total, metropolitan LLENs No.

%

1,478

68.6

232

10.8

445

20.6

2,155

100.0




accepted


refused

Total


Baw Baw Latrobe No.

%

96

80.7

8

6.7

15

12.6

119

100.0

Campaspe Cohuna No.

%

28

80.0

3

8.6

4

11.4

35

100.0

Central Grampians No.

%

12

46.2

5

19.2

9

34.6

26

100.0

Central Ranges No.

%

58

69.0

7

8.3

19

22.6

84

100.0

Gippsland East No.

%

123

74.5

13

7.9

29

17.6

165

100.0

Glenelg Southern Grampians No.

%

24

85.7

1

3.6

3

10.7

28

100.0

Goldfields No.

%

160

71.4

27

12.1

37

16.5

224

100.0

Goulburn Murray No.

%

82

66.1

8

6.5

34

27.4

124

100.0

Highlands No.

%

108

66.7

17

10.5

37

22.8

162

100.0

Murray Mallee No.

%

32

72.7

5

11.4

7

15.9

44

100.0

NE Tracks No.

%

37

80.4

1

2.2

8

17.4

46

100.0

North Central No.

%

10

83.3

1

8.3

1

8.3

12

100.0

North East No.

%

44

75.9

4

6.9

10

17.2

58

100.0

Northern Mallee No.

%

25

78.1

1

3.1

6

18.8

32

100.0




accepted


refused

Total


Smart Geelong Region No.

%

198

77.3

15

5.9

43

16.8

256

100.0

South Gippsland Bass Coast No.

%

53

84.1

4

6.3

6

9.5

63

100.0

South West No.

%

53

71.6

4

5.4

17

23.0

74

100.0

Wimmera Southern Mallee No.

%

49

80.3

5

8.2

7

11.5

61

100.0

Total, non-metropolitan LLENs No.

%

1,192

73.9

129

8.0

292

18.1

1,613

100.0

Total, Victoria No.

%

2,670

70.9

361

9.6

737

19.6

3,768

100.0


the on track survey 2011...the on track survey 2011 the destinations of school leavers in victoria...

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