the observation of the pacific-indian ocean transport and ... · the observation of the...
TRANSCRIPT
The observation of the Pacific-Indian Ocean
transport and its South China Sea branch
Shujiang Li1, Zexun Wei1, Guohong Fang1,
Budi Sulistiyo2, R. Dwi Susanto3, Agus Setiawan2
1. First Institute of Oceanography, SOA, China
2. Agency for Marine & Fisheries Research and Development, MMAF, Indonesia
3. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, USA
Outline
1. Introduction
2. Past & on going Observation
3. SITE program and some results
1. Introduction
Global Great Ocean Conveyor and Pacific-to-Indian-Ocean Transport
Green arrow in the South China Sea shows possible branch of the
Pacific-to-Indian-Ocean Transport suggested by Fang et al., 2005.
Wyrtki’s (1961) early study
Wyrtki’s circulation patterns in winter (Feb) and summer (Aug), which are mainly
based on ship drift data.
Steamfunction from a variable-grid global ocean model (Fang et al., 2002)
Feb Aug
“Branch of Pacific-to-Indian Ocean throughflow”
proposed by Fang et al. 2002, 2005.
the updated trajectories of drifters from Fang et al., 2005
Note: all drifters that enter the SCS are present in winter.
100O E 105O E 110O E 115O E 120O E 125O E15O N
10O N
5O N
0O N
5O N
10O N
15O N
20O N
25O N
S
S
S
A diagram showing Interaction between SCSTF and ITF (Qu et al., 2005)
“South China Sea Troughflow (SCSTF)”
proposed by Qu et al. (2005),
Wang et al. (2006)
2. Past & On Going Observations
100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
KSLG
NG MC
ME
HE
NEC
NECC
NGCUC
MS
TF
SEC
KSTF
GDCCSCSWC
CHINA
VIE
TN
AM
Taiw
an
Luzon
Mindanao
Kalimantan
Sulawesi
New Guinea
Java
Sum
atra
Mala
y Pen.
AUSTRALIAa
BPIO
T
BPIOT
BPIOT
Arlindo Mixing & Circulation 1993-1998, USA-Indonesia
Arlindo Mixing (Aug 1993 and Feb
1994)
Arlindo Circulation (20 Nov-15 Dec
1996 and 17 Feb-7 Mar 1998)
Arlindo Monitoring (1998 to 2007)
INSTANT: International Nusantara Stratification And Transport
Five nations are participating in INSTANT: Indonesia, France, the
Netherlands, the USA and Australia.
China-Indonesia-US Collaborative Program: The South China Sea – Indonesian Seas Transport/Exchange (SITE)
and Impacts on Seasonal Fish Migration was established in 2006 by First Institute of Oceanography (FIO), China,
Agency for Marine & Fisheries Research (AMFR), Indonesia Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), USA. The
program outlines an effort to measure the magnitude and variability of the water mass transport/exchange, temperature,
salinity, and heat flux between the Indonesia Seas and South China Sea. Now, the collaborative research has been
extended from the Karimata Strait to the Sunda and Lombok Straits.
3. SITE program and some results
The observation in South China Sea branch
Instruments: Trawl-Resistant Bottom Mount system （TRBM）
ADCP Buoy
CTD
Tide recorder
Releaser
Beacon
Battery house
The deploy and recover
Deploy
Recover
Progress of SITE observation
Since December 2007, we have conducted the field work for three
Phases, and have carried out 13 joint research cruises in the Karimata
and Sunda Straits. The field work of the Phase I and II has been
completed from 2007 to 2011. From 2012, we start to carry out the
work of the Phase III.
Research vessel Research area
General Information of SITE Cruises Phase Cruise num. Date Research Vessel Study area
I
1 2007.11.28-12.8 Baruna Jaya IV Karimata Strait
2 2008.01.07-01.19 Baruna Jaya I Karimata Strait
3 2008.02.07-02.19 Baruna Jaya I Karimata Strait
4 2008.05.03-05.16 Baruna Jaya III Karimata Strait
II
5 2008.10.23-11.10 Baruna Jaya VIII Karimata Strait and Sunda Strait
6 2009.08.07-08.21 GeoMarine III Karimata Strait and Sunda Strait
7 2009.10.11-10.26 GeoMarine III Karimata Strait and Sunda Strait
8 2010.02.17-03.03 Baruna Jaya III Sunda Strait
9 2010.11.05-11.19 Madidihang 03 Karimata Strait and Sunda Strait
10 2011.09.13-10.08 Baruna Jaya VIII Karimata Strait and Sunda Strait
III
11 2012.06.07-06.29 Baruna Jaya III Karimata Strait and Sunda Strait
12 2012.11.20-11.29 Baruna Jaya VIII Karimata Strait and Sunda Strait
13 2013.06.28-07.07 Baruna Jaya VIII Karimata Strait and Sunda Strait
Deploy
TRBM in the seabed
Recover
Time series of the sub-tidal (25-hour mean) currents in winter 2007/2008
Some results from SITE
From Fang et al., 2010, JGR
Observed along-channel
velocity, temperature and
salinity in winter 2007/2008.
The recovered current,
temperature and salinity data
show southward transports of
3.6 Sv for volume
0.36 PW for heat
0.14 Sv for freshwater
velocity
temperature
salinity
Time series of the vertically averaged along-channel velocity
at station A2 from Dec 2007 to Nov 2008
Inferred annual mean
volume transport is ~0.8
Sv, southward.
Observation is still on going
Karimata Strait
Lombok Strait
Thanks!