the oa2020 initiative - · pdf filepoli-cies reposi-tories publi- cation funds man-dates ......
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OA2020: A Global Initiative to Drive Large-Scale
Transformation of the Subscription System
Dr Ralf Schimmer, Max Planck Digital Library
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About OA2020
Open Access 2020 is an international initiative
that aims to induce the swift, smooth and
scholarly-oriented transformation of today’s
scholarly journals from subscription to open
access publishing.
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1. The distinctive OA dilemma
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Lack of significant progress in the OA movement
3
Open Access is (exceptionally) strong as a principle
─ cf. the many resolutions, policies, guidelines etc.
…but still fairly weak as a practice
─ only 14-15% immediately OA
─ subscription system as prosperous as ever for publishers
(Lehman Brothers did more damage to publisher revenues than OA so far)
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The key question
What does it take to make Open Access the
default in scholarly communication?
We may tolerate being 15% away from 100%.
But we simply cannot accept being only 15%
away from 0%.
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2. Thinking about a new activation energy
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OA has been a story of trying to activate researchers
e s e a r c h e r R
6
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OA has been a story of trying to activate researchers
OA
Jour-
nals
Poli-
cies Reposi-
tories Publi-
cation
funds Man-
dates
e s e a r c h e r R
Through a variety of measures such as advocacy, mandates and
support efforts the researchers should be moved to OA
7
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OA has been a story of trying to activate researchers
OA
Jour-
nals
Poli-
cies Reposi-
tories Publi-
cation
funds Man-
dates
e s e a r c h e r R
Through a variety of measures such as advocacy, mandates and
support efforts the researchers should be moved to OA
8
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OA has been a story of trying to activate researchers
OA
Jour-
nals
Poli-
cies Reposi-
tories Publi-
cation
funds Man-
dates
e s e a r c h e r R
Through a variety of measures such as advocacy, mandates and
support efforts the researchers should be moved to OA
9
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How about a new activation energy?
Nature
SCIENCE eLife
e s e a r c h e r R
Through switching the business model of the existing corpus of journals
OA shall be brought to the researchers
PLOS
CELL
10
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How about a new activation energy?
Nature
SCIENCE eLife
e s e a r c h e r R
Through switching the business model of the existing corpus of journals
OA shall be brought to the researchers
PLOS
CELL
11
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How about a new activation energy?
Nature
SCIENCE eLife
e s e a r c h e r R
Through switching the business model of the existing corpus of journals
OA shall be brought to the researchers
PLOS
CELL
12
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Bringing OA to the natural habitat of researchers
Not the researchers shall change but the publishing system,
and in particular the underlying business model
Nature
SCIENCE eLife PLOS
CELL
13
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3. OA2020 as a solution
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Proposing an orderly transition
Open Access on a large scale can only be
accomplished if and as soon as we change the
business model of the existing scholarly journals and
leave the subscription system behind.
The pursued disruptions would affect only the
underlying cash flows, rather than the publishing
process itself or the roles of journals and publishers.
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The power of our spending decisions
16
OA2020 is based on the principle that we, as research
communities, hold the key to success.
By virtue of our own spending decisions we can drive
Open Access into the system.
Exposing the financial demographics of the scholarly
publishing system (cf. 2015 White Paper)
─ there is enough money in the system
─ through the subscription system we are putting in the
range of $5,000 per research paper on the table
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Enough money in the system
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Changing tactics to achieve new robustness
m a n d a t e f o r o u r m o n e y
We don’t need further mandates for researchers
w e n e e d a
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7.6 bn EUR
Remaining subscription
budget 10%(~0.8 bn EUR)
Open Access volume:
~13% of articles;
~4% of budget
Global level view
19
Transformation means re-allocation of budgets and
conversion of journals and processes
Today‘s global subscription market >> today‘s open access market
Global
subscription journal
budget
7.6 bn EUR p.a.
(≥3,800 EUR/article)
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7.6 bn EUR
Remaining subscription
budget 10%(~0.8 bn EUR)
Open Access volume:
~13% of articles;
~4% of budget
Global level view
20
Transformation means re-allocation of budgets and
conversion of journals and processes
2.8 bn EUR buffer for
new & improved
services etc.
(without remaining
subscriptions)
Global
open access journal
base budget
4 bn EUR p.a.
(2,000 €/article)
Assuming 90% conversion
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4. Grounded in data evidence
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New grip on data needed
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Publication data
─ including corresponding author shares
─ publisher distribution
─ on institutional or country level
Finance & APC data
─ continuously growing evidence available
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74% 73% 72% 72% 71% 70% 69% 69% 68% 67%
Share of publications
with a corresponding
author from Germany Data according to Palzenberger, M. (2015). Number of Scholarly Articles per Country. http://dx.doi.org/10.17617/1.2
Germany
Number of articles p.a. 70,673 papers x 2,000 € = ~ 141.3m €
70,673 papers x 1,300 € = ~ 91.9m €
Publication volumes and correspondig author shares
Articles and reviews in Web of Science
76.980 78.966 81.205 84.512
88.127 91.555
96.280 100.198
103.666 104.923
56.994 57.952 58.831 60.668 62.618 64.100 66.774 68.905 70.243 70.673
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
total
corresponding
OA Transformation, 2014 calculation span
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73% 72% 73% 71% 70% 69% 69% 67% 64% 63%
Share of publications
with a corresponding
author from South
Africa Data according to Palzenberger, M. (2015). Number of Scholarly Articles per Country. http://dx.doi.org/10.17617/1.2
South Africa
Number of articles p.a. 7,566 papers x 2,000 € = ~ 15.1m €
7,566 papers x 1,300 € = ~ 9.8m €
Publication volumes and corresponding author shares
Articles and reviews in Web of Science
4.804 5.452
6.122
6.955 7.640
8.177
9.497 10.256
10.925
11.948
3.496 3.915
4.451 4.937
5.341 5.653
6.525 6.837 7.024 7.566
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
total
corresponding
OA Transformation, 2014 calculation span
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Rare high budget
publications
25
Cost stratification in the publishing system:
OA Gold Publishing
Enhanced marketing
Enhanced branding
Digests (press releases)
Presentation in social
media
Organization of proper
review
Technical platform
Archiving
Frequent low cost publ.
State-of-the-art indexing,
keywording, formatting
Image editing
Basic marketing
Cost monitoring I
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Collecting APC evidence via the OpenAPC Initiative
Open APC Offsetting data set
http://treemaps.intact-
project.org/apcdata/offsetting/
Open APC
http://treemaps.intact-
project.org/apcdata/openapc/ (e.g. Germany)
Universities and research institutions globally are invited to contribute their APC
expenditure data to Open APC in order to build up a comprehensive data set that allows
for extensive analyses and fosters transparency on the evolving APC market.
Cost monitoring II
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5. How to get involved
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How libraries and consortia leaders can get involved
1. Expression of Interest (policy)
84 signatories to date including a number of consortia
SANLIC, ANKOS, JUSTICE, CAPES, DEFF, FinELib, BIBSAM,
Jisc Collections, UKB, CRIStin/CERES
– Raise awareness and lead deliberations on signing EoI at consortium
and/or institutional level
– Take an active role as regional contact point in global OA2020 network
28
1
2. Roadmap(s) (action)
– Lead development of regional or institutional roadmaps
– Support institutions in taking practical steps toward adoption e.g.:
• Data analysis (publication & financial data)
• Consolidate subscription and OA responsibilities under one
management & budget
• Take publisher relations to a new level
(e.g. engage in combined model, i.e. offsetting)
2
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How library and consortia leaders can get involved
29
The starting point is to combine the subscription logic
(read access) with open access rights in one
comprehensive licensing scheme (e.g. ‘offsetting’) or
otherwise appropriate the funds to OA
Action to be taken:
─ Engage in data analyses (publication data, publisher
distribution, share of corresponding authors, finances)
─ Provide/secure market transparency
(e.g. OpenAPC initiative)
─ Define the new workflows
(e.g. ESAC initiative)
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6. Symptoms of a deteriorating system
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SciHub – the ‘Napster moment’ for publishing
http://31.184.194.81/
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1 John Bohannon: Who’s downloading pirated papers? Everyone, in: Science Mag, Apr. 28, 2016.
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/whos-downloading-pirated-papers-everyone
Going to SciHub is not only an act of necessity! It is an expression of convenience!
SciHub:
Holding a painful lesson for libraries and publishers
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The publishing system as we know it
Opening the eyes to a deteriorating system
33
Publishers & libraries together desperately stabilize a disintegrating anachronistic
system that is not needed and wanted anymore in a 21st century environment
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Exposing the nakedness of the subscription system
The Emperor's New Clothes, a fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen, Denmark (1837)
1 https://41.media.tumblr.com/0e1dbf83f053703568913d04a526fcb1/tumblr_inline_o3m3oc2kCO1sxr3js_540.jpg
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Exposing the nakedness of the subscription system
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Exposing the nakedness of the subscription system
Isn’t SciHub exposing the nakedness of the ruler just as the little girl did in
Andersen’s fairy tale? Can we really do business as usual now that we know this?
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Exposing the nakedness of the subscription system
Isn’t SciHub exposing the nakedness of the ruler just as the little girl did in
Andersen’s fairy tale? Can we really do business as usual now that we know this?
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Exposing the nakedness of the subscription system
Isn’t SciHub exposing the nakedness of the ruler just as the little girl did in
Andersen’s fairy tale? Can we really do business as usual now that we know this?
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39
Exposing the nakedness of the subscription system
Isn’t SciHub exposing the nakedness of the ruler just as the little girl did in
Andersen’s fairy tale? Can we really do business as usual now that we know this?
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7. Read the signs of the times
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The landscape is in the process of being restructured
SciHub shock & its de-legitimation of current system
41
Rationale and plan for the large-scale transformation
Evidence that enough money is already in the system
Data analyses available for cost modelling
APC evidence collected and documented
Political initiatives, e.g. oa2020.org (EoI), EU, LERU…
Roadmap with practical steps (mainly offsetting)
Emerging standards in handling APCs (e.g. ESAC)
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Time to unplug the system
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Time to unplug the system
We need to discontinue the subscription system and to find new ways to
finance the publishing services that are wanted and needed in the 21st century
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Time to unplug the system
We need to discontinue the subscription system and to find new ways to
finance the publishing services that are wanted and needed in the 21st century