the nuremberg laws - prologue, winter 2010

8/7/2019 The Nuremberg Laws - Prologue, Winter 2010

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Nuremberg Laws Archives Receives Original Nazi Documents That “Legalized” Persecution of Jews

The Archives Receives Original Nazi Documents That “Legalized” Persecution of Jews

b y g r e g b r a d s h e r

Law for the Safeguard of German Blood of German Honor (top) and the signature page (left).

I wa i Nmbg, ially digad a h “Ciy h Rih Pay Ral-

li,” i h pvi Bavaia, wh Adl Hil ad hi Nazi Pay i

1935 hagd h a Gma Jw ha Jw i Gmay, h “l-

gally” ablihig h amwk ha vally ld h Hla.

ya la, i wld al b i Nmbg, w aly dyd by Bi-

ih ad Amia havy bmbig, wh vivig pmi Nazi lad w

p ial wa im ad im agai hmaiy.

T wa i Ep dd i May 1945, ad h ai h Alli

d pig h Tid Rih lad wh had b pibl ,



The Reich’s Citizen

Law (far right) and the

signature page (right).

amg h hig, h pi h Jw ad h

Hla.

T ial bga Nvmb 20, 1945, i Nmbg’

Pala Ji, whih had mhw vivd h i-

Allid bmbig 1944 ad 1945.

T x day, U.S. Spm C Ji Rb H. Jak-

, amd by Pid Hay S. ma a h U.S. hi

l h pi Axi imialiy, mad hi

pig am h Iaial Miliay ibal.

“T m i ai agai Jw w id ay

law, b h law il wa mplyd m x. Ty

w h iam Nmbg d Spmb 15,

1935,” Jak aid.

T -alld “Nmbg Law”— a ial p i

Nazi aial law ha ld h magializai Gma

Jw ad limaly hi ggai, m, ad

xmiai—w ky pi vid i h ial,

whih ld i 12 dah ad li lg -

h Tid Rih lad.

B h pi wa d imag h law

m h ial pid vi, h igial pi

w wh b d.

Hwv, hy had b d ali, by U.S. -i-

llig p, wh pad hm p h li il hy am

h Tid Amy’ mmad, G. Gg S. Pa, J.

T gal k hm hm Caliia. T, hy -

maid dad, hi xi vald il 1999.

Fially, hi pa mm, h igial pi h law,

igd by Hil ad h Nazi lad, w ad h

Naial Ahiv.

Tird Reich Began Persecutions

Years Before Laws Enacted in 1935

T Nmbg Law mad ial h Nazi pi

h Jw, b h “lgal” aak h Jw aally bga w

ya ali.

A h Nazi k pw i Gmay i 1933, hy

bam iaigly gagd i aivii ivlvig h

pi h Jwih ad h miiy pplai.

Ty did i d h l law, ig ial d a

a wap agai h Jw.

I 1933 Jw w did h igh hld pbli

ivil vi pii; Jwih immiga w daal-

izd; Jw w did mplym by h p ad adi;

ad Jw w xldd m amig. T llwig ya,

Jw w xldd m k xhag ad k bkag.

Dig h ya, wh h Nazi gim wa ill ah

haky ad h Nazi ad ppii m wihi ad i-

a m wih, hy did hig dai, ad h ma-

appad, i laiv m, ah mild.

A Gmay pblily ad i May 1935 i -

amam i vilai h Vaill ay, Nazi pay adi-

al bga m ibly dmadig ha Hil, h pay, ad

h gvm ak m dai ma agai h Jw.

Ty wad mplly gga hm m h ial,

pliial, ad mi li Gmay. T dmad i-

ad a h mm pgd.

O Ag 20, 1935, h U.S. mbay i Bli p-

d h ay a:

m p h Jwih iai a h mm, i may b aid

ha h whl mvm h Pay i ppaig il

ad h ppl gal dai ad -alld lgal ai

b ad i h a pbably llwig h Pa-



y Cg b hld i Nmbg bgi-

ig Spmb 10h. O ha ly -

viw h am mad by impa lad-

i h d h Pay’ mm li

aliz h d aai.

Jam G. MDald, high mmii-

g d h Lag Nai,

h i Bli, w i hi diay Ag 22

ha “Nw lgilai i immi, b i i

dil ll xaly wha h pvii

will b. Caily, hy will d h

diia h Jw m h ma G-

ma ad diadvaag hm i w way.”

William E. Ddd, h Amia ambaa-

d Gmay, Spmb 7 a lg

dipah h ay a gadig

dvlpm i h “Jwih Sia-

i.” H pd “i appa ha v w

dii a ill iig i h high

il pig h pliy b vlvd a

h Nmbg pay Cg.” H addd:

I i blivd ha a dlaai pig h

Jw will b mad a Nmbg whih will

b llwd by h am a h C-

g il, hly ha, a bdy

lgilai wh lima haa will d-

pd p h l h dii w

i pg. Eih h h will pba-

bly ai dai a appa h ad-

ial b may b by ai appaa

mdai b mphaizd la aili-

a h dalig abad. . . . A ida ha may

if pliy a Nmbg, ad i ay

a w m b ppm i h mid

Pay xmi, i ha, hwv dai h

ma adpd, hy will b mally -

d i law, ad ha h aiy wih whih law

i gadd, ad h diipli wih whih i

i bvd i Gmay, may imp ig

pii avably.

O Spmb 9, MDald w Flix

Wabg, a maj Amia Jwih lad,

ha h wa abl g a la pi wha

Gen. George S. Patton presented the Nuremberg Laws

to Huntington trustee Robert Millikan on June 11, 1945.

Winter 2010



may b xpd i h had w lg-

ilai, b “O a ly b ai ha

h l will b paliz h Jw i vai-

way ad h bai pd-lgaliy,

whih a gim bdig.”

Nazi Rally in Nuremberg

Hailed Passage of the Laws

A hi aal ally hld i Nmbg

Spmb 15, Nazi pay lad ad,

a h Rihag had adpd hm, w

law ha iiializd may h aial

hi dpiig Nazi idlgy.

T -alld Nmbg Law, igd

by Hil ad val h Nazi ial,

w h h lgalizd p-

i Jw i Gmay. Ty ippd

Gma Jw hi Gma iizhip,

bad maiag ad “xamaial xal

i” bw Jw ad h G-

ma, ad bad Jw m fyig h G-

ma fag, whih wld w b h waika.

O Spmb 16, Ambaad Ddd

a abl h ay a ab

h Nmbg Law. H w:

S a i i ly pibl ay ha mai

d Nmbg g wa a

adial im wihi h Pay. T

law pad la igh ig iiz-

hip, h waika a aial fag ad

pi Gma bld ad h

(by ma pvig maiag ad x

al i bw Aya ad Jw

ad fyig h Gma fag by h la-

) bvily d h dii ad

Fig O advid waiig x

iv pplmay glai. [T, i

d Nvmb 14, pvidd pi

dii wh a Jw wa.]

Ddd llwd p h x day wih a di-

pah h ay a gadig h

Nmbg Pay Cg: “Ra ppa

gada ad pyhlgy a hgh paial

ly all h ph lik a al had, bvi

ly i ppaai h law ha w

b adpd by h Rihag.”

H addd: “T w law agai h Jw d

iv vy w ppl ha h la wd ha b

aid ha qi ha w diimiay

ma will vally llw wihi h

limi wha i pibl wih bigig ab

ga a diba i bi.”

O Spmb 19, Ddd h -

ay a w pi h Reichsgestz

blatt [Rih Law Gaz] Spmb 16

whih aid h Nmbg Law ad

al ildd alai hm.

I amiig hm, Ddd w: “T a

i-Jwih lgilai hld b ily

v pla Pay xmi m im.”

Ty w . M pi llwd

i h ya b Wld Wa II bga i 1939

T xmiai h Jw ad h

llwd, ly i Gmay, b hgh

m Ep.

Original Nuremberg Documents

Are Found, But Ten Disappear

T Mw Dlaai 1943, by P

id Fakli D. Rvl, Pim Mii

Wi Chhill, ad Mahal J Sali

k h aii ppad by h

Gma ad laid dw h pliy ha h ma

j imial wld “b pihd by h ji

dii h Gvm h Alli.”

B h wa had b ldd b

h Mw Dlaai ld b implmd

A h Allid va Gmay i Api

Prologue 2The Nuremberg Laws

The Reich’s Flag Law with signatures.



Pblihd i 42 vlm, h rial of the Major

War Criminals before Te International Military

ribunal, Nuremberg 14 November 1945–1 October

1946 (Nmbg: Iaial Miliay ibal,

Nmbg, 1947–1949), ai h day--day

pdig h ibal ad dm d i

vid by h pi ad d.

O Uid Sa Chi Cl

Pi Axi Cimialiy, Nazi Conspiracy and

Aggression(Wahig, D.C. U.S. Gvm Piig

O, 1946), vl. I, Chap 12, ai imai

ab dm, ildig h idd a

vid dig h Iaial Miliay ibal,

laig h pi h Jw i Gmay.

T Sa Dpam’ Cal Dimal Fil, 1930–

1939 (Gal Rd h Dpam Sa, Rd

Gp 59), d dimal 862.00 ad 862.4016, ai

p pliial dvlpm i Gmay ad h

pi Gma Jw. Al l gadig h

pi h Jw i Gmay bgiig i 1935

i Rihad Bima, Babaa MDald Swa, ad

Svi Hhbg, d.,Refugees and Rescue: Te Diaries and

Papers of James G. McDonald 1935–1945 (Blmig

ad Idiaapli, Idiaa: Idiaa Uiviy P, i

aiai wih h Uid Sa Hla Mmial

Mm, Wahig, DC, 2009).

Ul dadig h adpi

h Nmbg Law, hi divy by hCillig Cp am i 1945, Gal

Pa’ aqiii ad dipii hm i 1945,

hi dy by h Hig Libay (1945–1999),

ad hi bq xhibii a h Skiball Clal

C i Ahy M. Pla wih Cilia E. O’Lay,

Bloodlines: Recovering Hitler’s Nuremberg Laws, From

Patton’s rophy to Public Memorial (Bld, CO:

Paadigm Pblih, 2006).

Note on Sources

Author

Greg Bradsher, a ahivi a h

Naial Ahiv ad Rd

Admiiai, pializ i Wl

Wa II illig, ld a, a

wa im. Hi pvi ibi Prologue hav

ildd ail h divy Nazi gld i h Mk

Mi (Spig 1999); h y Fiz Klb, 1900–1943

(Spig 2002); Japa’ “Z Pla” i 1944 (Fall 2005)

Fdig Fah Elbidg Gy (Spig 2006); h hid

Ahivi h Uid Sa, Way Gv (Wi

2009); ad Opai Blil, a Wld Wa II diviay

aak a ilad i h Pai (Fall 2010).

h Nmbg Law, iig h vi pb-

lihd i h Reichsgestzblatt 1935.

Dig h ibal’ Dmb 13 i,

a aia ial l h Uid Sa

addd h ab h Nazi p-

i h Jw. I makig hi pai, h

aid: “Wh h Nazi Pay gaid l

h Gma Sa, a w ad ibl wap

agai h Jw wa plad wihi hi gap,

h pw apply h h a agai

hm. Ti wa d by h ia d.”

H h pdd li hm, ild-

ig h Nmbg Law a pblihd i h

1935 Reichsgestzblatt. A diig hm,

h akd h ak jdiial i h

pblihd d. Fm a lgal ppiv, h Reichsgestzblatt wa aily ahiaiv ad

apabl h ibal d i ha -

gadig l vid, b i aily wld

hav b m damai ad iv hav

d h dda wih h igial, a

h p did wih h dm.

T ial wld g ah 10 mh,

wih mad h Nm-

bg Law. O Spmb 30 ad Ob

1, 1946, h ibal dd jdgm.

O h h dda m lly a-

iad wih h Nmbg Law, Hma

Gig ad Wilhlm Fik w d

dah, ad Rdl H wa d

li impim.

Missing Documents Reemerge.

Now in the National Archives

A wk la, wih hi wk v, Ji

Jak Pid ma a al -

p ab hi aivii ad d ha h

wa im dmai, ildig ap-

d d, wa h ppy h Ui-

d Sa ad ha a agy hld ak -

dy i bhal h Uid Sa.

“T ma,” h w, “i h imp-

a a waa allig i y ai.”

w mh la, h d h U.S.

Cl h Pi Axi Cimi-

aliy w d h Naial Ahiv,

ad i 1947 h Naial Ahiv a-

id hm. Wihi h d a ph-

ai ad alad pi h Nm-

bg Law a pblihd i h Reichsgestzblatt

ad d dig h ial.

Gal Pa had dpid h igi-

al Nmbg Law a h Hig Li-

bay, a hi hm i h L Agl aa

i J 1945; Pa did a a l ij-

i ivd i a a aid i Gmay

i Dmb 1945 ad had l i-

i gadig h law.

Ti xi a h Hig Libay,

A Clli, ad Baial Gad wa

vald il 1999, wh hy w

diplay 10 ya a h Skiball Clal

C i L Agl il la 2009.

I h mm 2010, h Naial A-

hiv apd dai m h H

ig Libay h igial Nmbg

Law—63 ya la ha hy wld hav

i Pa had d hm v h app

pia ahii. P

Hermann Goering, Rudolf Hess, Joachim von Ribbentrop, and other defendants sit in the courtroom of the

German war crimes trials in Nuremburg, 1945.

Prologue 29The Nuremberg Laws