Section 11.4

The North Takes Charge

ChancellorsvilleApril 30-May 6 1863Confederate army pushes back

Union forces despite Northern advantage

After losing his arm, Stonewall Jackson will succumb to injuries from friendly fire

The Confederacy gained a victory against top Union commanders

The Confederacy lost the very talented Stonewall Jackson

1. What did the Confederacy win at Chancellorsville What did it lose?

The Confederacy gained a victory against top Union commanders

The Confederacy lost the very talented Stonewall Jackson

Chancellorsville

First day of GettysburgConfederate soldiers headed to Gettysburg

because they were barefoot and hear they could find footwear there and General Lee

on the way Union soldiers engaged them, both sides send in reinforcements

http://www.history.com/topics/battle-of-gettysburg/videos#battle-at-chancellorsville

Gettysburg

GettysburgSecond day of Gettysburg

Confederate Lee ordered an attack on Cemetery Ridge

Confederate forces overran Little Round Top (area that overlooked the southern portion of the battlefield) but Union forces were quick to defend it

GettysburgThird day of Gettysburg

Both armies fired on each other for two hours

when the artillery went silent Confederate Lee ordered his troops to press forward through the middle

as they did the North started with artillery fire again and Lee had to retreat

ResultConsidered the turning point in the war and

southern forces hurt to the point they would not be able to invade a northern state

Lee retreated and gave up hope taking the North

Great losses – 23,000 Union losses; 28,000 Confederate losses

http://video.pbs.org/video/1832543409/

Gettysburg

2. Why is Gettysburg considered to be a turning point in the war?

It crippled the South so badly that it would never recover from the loss;

shattered Southern morale

Gettysburg

Spring 1863, Grant sent soldiers to destroy rail lines in central Mississippi to distract Confederate army so he could land in the port city of Vicksburg

Two initial assaults failed on Vicksburg so Grant settled in for a siege that lasted several days on shelling the city where residents ran out of food and had to eat dogs and mules

Confederate army surrendered on July 4

This defeat cut the Confederacy into two parts

Vicksburg

Attack was timed to coincide with Grant’s attack at Vicksburg

After initial failure, General Banks laid siege to Port Hudson for 48 days

Upon hearing of the fall of Vicksburg, the Confederates surrender at Port Hudson

Port Hudson

3. What did the Union accomplish by capturing Vicksburg and Port Hudson?

The Confederacy was cut in twoUnion secures control of the Mississippi River

Vicksburg and Port Hudson

Lincoln’s famous two-minute speech to dedicate the first national cemetery in Gettysburg

Talked of the founding principles of the country and the start of a new human equality

gave the North a united purpose in the war – to preserve the Union, a single nation, not just a collection of states (#4)

Gettysburg Address

Gettysburg and Vicksburg limited the South’s fighting power

the South hoped to call for an armistice rather than a surrender but Lincoln had two generals that would fight (Grant and Sherman)

Confederacy wearing down

Confederate morale was lowresolutions that aimed at producing more food

for soldiers and less cash cropsletters from home talked about the lack of food

and shortage of hands for farmingsoldiers deserted to the Uniondiscord in the Confederacy government where

members of congress did not get along, states did not get along

peace movements were going on in several states

Confederacy wearing down

Lincoln placed Grant as the Commander of all Union forces

Grant appointed William Tecumseh Sherman in charge of the military in Mississippi; he and Sherman both agreed there needed to be a total war

Grant moved rapidly to immobilize Lee’s army in Virginia loosing many men but knowing he could replace them and Lee could not; it earned him the nickname the “butcher”

“War of Attrition”

Changing the course of the war

What was Grant’s overall strategy for defeating Lee’s army? What tactics did he use? Strategy: to destroy Lee’s army in Virginia while

Sherman raided GeorgiaTactics: attack constantly; engage in total war

(against civilians, as well as the military)

Changing the course of the war

Sherman raided Georgia burning rail lines, fields, animals as he marched north to help Grant with Lee

as he marched North he continued burning land/houses until he reached North Carolina

Sherman’s March

Sherman’s March6. What was Sherman’s goal in his march to the sea? What tactics did he use to accomplish that goal? Goal: to destroy the will of Southerners to

fightTactics: engage in total war; destroy civilian

property; live off the land

Democrats nominated George McClellan as they wanted an armistice

Republicans nominated Lincoln who wanted to readmit Confederate states back into the union and changed their party name to the National Union Party to try and attract Democrats

Radical Republicans splintered and named John C. Fremont as their candidate with a harsher proposal than readmittance

Election of 1864

Election of 1864It did not look like Lincoln would win the election

but the union forces would take Atlanta and Fremont would drop from the race

Lincoln would win the race as victories helped the North and absentee ballots cast by Union soldiers helped him

End of the WarLee and Grant met on April 9,

1865 in a Virginia village called Appomattox Court House where Lincoln’s terms were generous7. What were the North’s terms of surrender? Why

were they so generous to the South?Terms: Lee’s soldiers paroled and sent home with

their personal possessions, horses, and food rations; officers permitted to keep their sidearms

Reason: Lincoln didn’t want a vindictive peace.