38644 Edwards, G.R. The non-destructive testing of welds in continuous fibre reinforced t h e ~ t i c s Composi tes Evaluat ion. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Testing, Evaluat ion and Quali ty Control of Com- posites - T E Q C 87, Guildford (Uni ted Kingdom), 22-24 Sep. 1987. pp. 3-10. Edited by J. Herriot . But terworths , 1987.

Continuous carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastics present aircraft manufac- turers with a new high performance composite to which they can apply many of the processing techniques that are a feature of metal working. These include welding. At The Welding Institute, research into welding processes has provided an opportunity to examine current practices in the non-destructive testing (NDT) of composites, and devise new test procedures using state-of-the-art test equipment. The equipment includes; microfocus radiography to examine details of the laminates and weld region; real-time digital radiography to scan large areas of a composite structure, rapidly; computerised C-Scans to allow increased amounts of data to be processed during ultrasonic tests; thermography to provide a possible in-line inspection tool, which is more rapid than ultrasonics and more sensitive to laminar flaws than real-time radiography; and finally eddy current methods using the conductivity of the carbon fibres and the capacitive reactance of the thermoplastic matrix to provide signals in a complex argand diagram. The paper provides an overview of NDT methods, describing the advantages and disadvantages of each. The problem of defining the nature of defects in composites is discussed, and how this presents a problem in developing NDT procedures.

38510 Fletcher, M.J. Fully automatic inspection of welds now a reality Welding and Metal Fabrication, Vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 70-72 (Mar. 1988)

Recent trends in industrial radiography have offered the welding and casting industries the opportunity to identify very small defects at very high speeds, fully automatically during fabrication. The production of X ray images directly onto a video monitor, coupled with image processing and storage on laser or optical disc have all combined to produce this breakthrough.

37906 Zakirov, B.S.; Kapitsa, S.P.; Leonov, B.L; Luk'yanenko, E.A.; Melekhin, V.N.; Tokarev, Yu. E. RMD-10T radiation microtronic flaw detector Soviet Journal of Nondestruct ive Testing, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 25-29 (Sep. 1987)

The design of the RMD-10T radiation microtronic flaw detector is examined; the technical characteristics of its individual sections and the results of examination during starting up of equipment are presented and the radiographic characteristics obtained during inspection of steel components and specimens are given.

37905 Boiko, D.A.; Filimonov, A.A.; Chakhlov, V.L. Flaw-detection characteristics of the compact MIB-4 betatron Soviet Journal of Nondestruct ive Testing, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 21-25 (Sep. 1987)

Information which refines and complements the method of inspecting parts by means of the MIB-4 device is provided. The results obtained in testing this equipment abroad are given.

37903 Halmshaw, R. An analysis of the performance of X-ray television-fluoroscopic equipment in weld inspection Materials Evaluat ion, Vol. 45, No. 11, pp. 1298-1302 (Nov. 1987)

X-ray television-fluoroscopic inspection (XRTI - often called real-time radiography) is briefly described. With modern equipment that uses digital image storage and processing, it is suggested that the chief cause of reduction in image quality, relative to the quality obtained by film radiography, is the larger image unsharpness. Values of total image uasharpness are estimated and used to calculate the crack sensitivities obtainable with XRTI equipment compared to those obtainable with film radiography.

37902 Munro, J.J., McNulty, R.E.; Nuding, W.; Busse, H.P.; Wiacker, H.; Link, R.; Sauerwein, K.; Grimm, R. Weld inspection by real-time radioscopy Materials Evaluat ion, Vol. 45, No. 11, pp. 1303-1309 (Nov. 1987)

A real-time X-ray inspection system of high-contrast sensitivity is described. Results in the area of weld inspection provide image- quality indicator (IQI) sensitivities equal to or better than those specified by the standards for X-ray film inspection. The system consists of an X-ray image intensifier and an image processor. The paper discusses the system components and presents the results of several different types of weld inspection. One of the more important future aspects of real-time radioscopy is the automated evaluation of weldment radiographs. The current state of development in this field is described.

37897 Lozev, M.; Yordanov, D.; Mikhovski, M.; Popov, A. Analysis of the results of radiographic inspection of welded joints in chemical machine-building British Industrial and Scientific Internat ional Translat ion Service, London (Uni ted Kingdom), BISI-24975, 8 pp. (Jun. 1986). (Tran- slated from Mashinos t roene , No. 5, pp. 206-209 1985)

Probabilistic and statistical methods applied to the non-destructive testing of welded joints can supplement the functions of inspection, thus converting it into

an active factor for determining and maintaining a preset quality in the joints at all stages of production. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate, by mathematical statistical methods, the presence of defects in welds determined by non-destructive radiographic testing, and the causes of deterioration in the quality of welded joints under production conditions. The work is a basis for applying statistical methods to analysis and control of the quality of welds in chemical machine-building.

37831 Saeki, Y.; Sofue, T.; Watanabe, T. The spotty mottling appearing on radiographs of anstenitic stainless steel weldments British Journal of Nondestruct ive Testing, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 19-21 (Jan. 1988)

The spotty mottling appearing on radiographs of austenitic stainless steel weldments has been studied, and it is concluded that it is caused by diffraction from the columnar crystals grown vertically upward at the root of the bead. The welds that show the spotty mottling on their radiographs exhibit a reduced bend strength.

37734 Wu, P.C.S.; Shaaban, H.1. Construction appraisal team inspection results on welding and nondestructive examination activities Nuclear Regulatory Commiss ion , Washington, DC (Uni ted States), DE88- 900003, 54 pp. (Sep. 1987)

This report summarizes data and findings on deficiencies and discrepancies in welding and nondestructive examination (NDE) activities identified by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Construction Appraisal Team (CAT) during its inspection of 11 plants. The CAT reviewed selected welds and NDE packages in its inspection of the following plant areas: piping and pipe supports and/or restraints; modification and installation of reactor internals; electrical installations and electrical supports; instrumentation tubing and supports; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and supports; fabrication and erection of structural steel; fabrication of refueling cavity and spent fuel pool liner; containment liner and containment penetrations; and fire protection systems. The CAT inspected both structural welds and pressure- retaining welds and reviewed welder qualification test records and welding procedure documents for code compliance. The NDE activities that were evaluated included visual examination, magnetic particle examination, liquid penetrant examination, ultrasonic examination, and radiographic examination of welds.

37602 Freeman, W.E.; MacDonald, D.E. US developments in radiological methods International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, Vol. 28, No. 1-5, pp. 13%162 (1987)

Radiography is a long proven and reliable method for inspecting pipe weld integrity. However, as with all nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods, factors exist which limits its effectiveness. With the development of the Miniature Linear Accelerator (MINAC), some of these limiting factors can be overcome and can effectively expand the applicability of radiographic examination. This paper provides a brief discussion of the MINAC and its use in pipe radiography.

37497 Senda, T. Circumstances of non.destructive examinations on welds British Industrial and Scientific Internat ional Translat ion Service, London (Uni ted Kingdom), BISI-24305 (Oct. 1985). (Translated from Journal of the Japan Welding Society, Vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 145-148, 1985)

Authors examine standards for non-destructive inspection of welds, issued by the Japan Society for Non Destructive inspection. These cover inspection by radiographic, ultrasonic and magnetic methods, and also the grading of Inspection Technicians.

37229 Kohsazait Gyareptio Quality control testing of weld beads - using two sources of irradiation above weld to determine X-Y coordinates of fault European Patent No. 199, 836 (5 Nov. 1986)

37017 ltoh, G. Weld investigation of nuclear power plant pressure vessels Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, Vol. 109, No. 2, pp. 224-227 (May 1987)

Welds in nuclear power plant pressure vessels, which were in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, though not with some other codes, were investigated nondestructively over a long period of service. The results indicate that the vessels have been operating for many years, with large slag inclusions that do not extend to the weld surfaces, causing no damage to the vessels. Hence, the practical relaxation of excessively conservative acceptance standards is discussed.

37003 Wisweiler, F.J.; Sergeev, G.N. (eds.) Nondestructive testing of large-diameter pipe for oil and gas t ransmission lines VCH, 262 pp. (1987)

This book comprises three principal sections: application and manufacture of oil and gas transmission line pipe

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